Overzicht Psychopharmacology ALLES
College 1.
Pharmacokinetics: How does a substance move through the body?
(absorbes or secretes it?
Pharmacodynamics: How does a drug have effect on the body?
(receptors, interactions with neurotransmitters)
Lethal dose (LD50): dose at which 50% shows dangerous side effects
(should be low)
Effective dose (ED50): dose at which 50% has the intended effect
(should be high)
Golden standard in drug research: randomized, placebo-controlled and
double blind
College 2.
Dose-response curve: increasing dose of substance (x-as) and
subjective report (y-as)
Potency; minimal dose for a noticeable effect. The lowest that you need
for a minimum effect
Efficacy: expected effect of a given dose (synaptic effect after bond of
neurotransmitter and receptor)
Therapeutic window: rnage between desired and undesired effects of a
substance
Affinity: How well a substance binds to a receptor
Receptor interaction: how the substance bind to the receptor and what
happens after
Statistical interaction: effect of the behaviour changes under the
influence of a second substance
- Observing SI does not imply that a RI has taken place
Full agonist: binds and activates the receptor. High affinity, high efficacy
Partial agonist: binds but partly activatest he receptor. High affinity,
moderate efficacy
Antagonist: binds but doesnt activate the receptor: High affinity, low
efficacy
Allosteric receptor: receptor with multiple places where a
neurotransmitter can bind to. The effect of the receptor will strengthen,
only when other receptors on the same receptor complex bind tot heir own
neurotransmitter (GABAa receptor complex)
, Short half life: medicine breaks down fast, has a shorter, but often more
intense effect will not likely lead to withdrawal. Only when repeatedly
taken in very fast succession, especially when dose is increased
Long half life: medicine breaks down slowly, has a longe,r but often less
intense effect. Lead to withdrawal symptoms faster, which can last long
when doses are taken in fast succession
Tolerance: more of the substance is needed to get the same effect
Dependence: to function normally, a minimal amount of the substance
must be taken
Desentization: the receptor becomes less sensitive to a stimulant
(neurotransmitter), often due to chronic administration of a drug.
Hypersensitive: the receptor becomes more sensitive to a stimulatn,
often due to less administration of a drug, or by blocking the receptor
(agonistic effect of substance)
Compensating processes: activated in anticipation of the ffect of the
drug results in less effect. It is dependent on cues, risk of overdossis when
the context changes.
College 3.
Hippocampus: emotional processes
Basal Ganglia; reward processes and learning
Amygdala: emotional, threat related processing
Substance Receptors Functions
Ach Acetylcholine Muscarine & Memory, sensory
Nictoine processes, motor
coordination,
parasympathetic
NE Norepinephrine Adrenergic Sensory processes, sleep,
receptors (alfa & mood, learning, memroy,
beta) aorusal, sympathetic
DA Dopamine Dopaminergic Motor coordination,
receptors (D1, D2 reinforcement, smell,
etc.) mood, concentration,
hormone regulation
5-HT Serotonin 5-HT1a (auto), 5- Emotion, mood, appettite,
HT2 (post) sleep, pain,
hallucinations, reflexes
Glu Glutamate NMDA, AMPA Mmoery, escitation of
central/peripheral NS
GAB GABA GABAa, GABAb Inhibiton of CNS
A
College 4.
College 1.
Pharmacokinetics: How does a substance move through the body?
(absorbes or secretes it?
Pharmacodynamics: How does a drug have effect on the body?
(receptors, interactions with neurotransmitters)
Lethal dose (LD50): dose at which 50% shows dangerous side effects
(should be low)
Effective dose (ED50): dose at which 50% has the intended effect
(should be high)
Golden standard in drug research: randomized, placebo-controlled and
double blind
College 2.
Dose-response curve: increasing dose of substance (x-as) and
subjective report (y-as)
Potency; minimal dose for a noticeable effect. The lowest that you need
for a minimum effect
Efficacy: expected effect of a given dose (synaptic effect after bond of
neurotransmitter and receptor)
Therapeutic window: rnage between desired and undesired effects of a
substance
Affinity: How well a substance binds to a receptor
Receptor interaction: how the substance bind to the receptor and what
happens after
Statistical interaction: effect of the behaviour changes under the
influence of a second substance
- Observing SI does not imply that a RI has taken place
Full agonist: binds and activates the receptor. High affinity, high efficacy
Partial agonist: binds but partly activatest he receptor. High affinity,
moderate efficacy
Antagonist: binds but doesnt activate the receptor: High affinity, low
efficacy
Allosteric receptor: receptor with multiple places where a
neurotransmitter can bind to. The effect of the receptor will strengthen,
only when other receptors on the same receptor complex bind tot heir own
neurotransmitter (GABAa receptor complex)
, Short half life: medicine breaks down fast, has a shorter, but often more
intense effect will not likely lead to withdrawal. Only when repeatedly
taken in very fast succession, especially when dose is increased
Long half life: medicine breaks down slowly, has a longe,r but often less
intense effect. Lead to withdrawal symptoms faster, which can last long
when doses are taken in fast succession
Tolerance: more of the substance is needed to get the same effect
Dependence: to function normally, a minimal amount of the substance
must be taken
Desentization: the receptor becomes less sensitive to a stimulant
(neurotransmitter), often due to chronic administration of a drug.
Hypersensitive: the receptor becomes more sensitive to a stimulatn,
often due to less administration of a drug, or by blocking the receptor
(agonistic effect of substance)
Compensating processes: activated in anticipation of the ffect of the
drug results in less effect. It is dependent on cues, risk of overdossis when
the context changes.
College 3.
Hippocampus: emotional processes
Basal Ganglia; reward processes and learning
Amygdala: emotional, threat related processing
Substance Receptors Functions
Ach Acetylcholine Muscarine & Memory, sensory
Nictoine processes, motor
coordination,
parasympathetic
NE Norepinephrine Adrenergic Sensory processes, sleep,
receptors (alfa & mood, learning, memroy,
beta) aorusal, sympathetic
DA Dopamine Dopaminergic Motor coordination,
receptors (D1, D2 reinforcement, smell,
etc.) mood, concentration,
hormone regulation
5-HT Serotonin 5-HT1a (auto), 5- Emotion, mood, appettite,
HT2 (post) sleep, pain,
hallucinations, reflexes
Glu Glutamate NMDA, AMPA Mmoery, escitation of
central/peripheral NS
GAB GABA GABAa, GABAb Inhibiton of CNS
A
College 4.
