Targeted NR222 Review Material with Chamberlain
Faculty-Verified Final Exam Keys
Health - State of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning within developmental
context
Adaptation and reaction to environment
Health promotion - the concept is to promote healthy living. The model details individual
characteristics and experiences, behavior-specific cognitions and affect, as well as behavior
outcomes. The end result is a commitment to a plan of action or health promoting behaviors.
This model adapts as an individual develops over a life time.
Illness - Composed of the subjective experience of individual and physical manifestation
of disease
Disease - Failure of a person's adaptive mechanisms
Results in functional or structural disturbances
Models of health - Clinical model
Role performance model
Adaptive model
Eudaemonistic model
Clinical model - In the clinical model, health is defined by the absence of signs and
symptoms of disease and illness is defined by the presence of signs and symptoms of disease.
Role performance model - The role performance model of health defines health in terms
of individuals' ability to perform social roles. Role performance includes work, family, and social
roles, with performance based on societal expectations.
Adaptive model - In the adaptive model of health, people's ability to adjust positively to
social, mental, and physiological change is the measure of their health. Illness occurs when the
person fails to adapt or becomes maladaptive to these changes.
Eudaimonistic - In the eudaimonistic model, exuberant well-being indicates optimal
health. This model emphasizes the interactions between physical, social, psychological, and
spiritual aspects of life and the environment that contribute to goal attainment and create
meaning. Illness is reflected by a denervation or languishing, a lack of involvement with life. A
,Health beliefs-internal variables - Developmental stage
Intellectual Background
Perception of Functioning
Emotional Factors
Spiritual Factors
Health beliefs-external variables - Family practices
Socioeconomic factors
Cultural background
Healthy People 2020 - 4 Overarching goals:
1. Attain high quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature
death.
2. Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups
3. Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all
4. Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages
Healthy People 2020 (LHI)-Leading Health Indicators - For example, under the Tobacco
topic, one LHI is listed as "Adults who are current cigarette smokers" (USDHHS, 2016a, para. 13).
Cigarette smoking, as you will explore later, is "the single most preventable cause of disease,
disability, and death in the United States" (USDHHS, 2016b, para. 1).
Levels of prevention - Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Primary - The goal of primary prevention is to stop illness or injury before it happens. For
instance, antismoking laws are a form of primary prevention, as are immunizations, seat belts,
sunscreen, and nursing education about health promotion, nutrition, and safety.
Secondary - Secondary prevention prevents an existing illness or injury condition from
becoming worse. For example, heart attack patients are prescribed an aspirin a day to reduce
their chance of further heart problems. Another secondary prevention measure is screening to
detect a disease of which an individual is unaware of having, such as breast cancer, diabetes, or
, colon cancer. Detecting the disease allows for treatment and hopefully prevents worsening of
the condition.
Tertiary - After an injury has been treated or an illness enters a chronic phase, tertiary
prevention prevents the lasting effects of the condition or tries to lessen their impact. For
example, a recovering stroke patient will need rehabilitation and physical therapy to strengthen
and condition the individual to live with his or her new disabilities.
Risk factors - Variables that increase the vulnerability of an individual or a group to an
illness or accident
Risk factors include:
Genetic and physiological factors
Age
Environment
Lifestyle
Nursing Roles - Advocate
Care manager
Consultant
Deliverer of services
Educator
Communicator
Researcher
Benner - Benner's stages of nursing proficiency:
Novice
Advanced beginner
Competent
Proficient
Expert
Faculty-Verified Final Exam Keys
Health - State of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning within developmental
context
Adaptation and reaction to environment
Health promotion - the concept is to promote healthy living. The model details individual
characteristics and experiences, behavior-specific cognitions and affect, as well as behavior
outcomes. The end result is a commitment to a plan of action or health promoting behaviors.
This model adapts as an individual develops over a life time.
Illness - Composed of the subjective experience of individual and physical manifestation
of disease
Disease - Failure of a person's adaptive mechanisms
Results in functional or structural disturbances
Models of health - Clinical model
Role performance model
Adaptive model
Eudaemonistic model
Clinical model - In the clinical model, health is defined by the absence of signs and
symptoms of disease and illness is defined by the presence of signs and symptoms of disease.
Role performance model - The role performance model of health defines health in terms
of individuals' ability to perform social roles. Role performance includes work, family, and social
roles, with performance based on societal expectations.
Adaptive model - In the adaptive model of health, people's ability to adjust positively to
social, mental, and physiological change is the measure of their health. Illness occurs when the
person fails to adapt or becomes maladaptive to these changes.
Eudaimonistic - In the eudaimonistic model, exuberant well-being indicates optimal
health. This model emphasizes the interactions between physical, social, psychological, and
spiritual aspects of life and the environment that contribute to goal attainment and create
meaning. Illness is reflected by a denervation or languishing, a lack of involvement with life. A
,Health beliefs-internal variables - Developmental stage
Intellectual Background
Perception of Functioning
Emotional Factors
Spiritual Factors
Health beliefs-external variables - Family practices
Socioeconomic factors
Cultural background
Healthy People 2020 - 4 Overarching goals:
1. Attain high quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature
death.
2. Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups
3. Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all
4. Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages
Healthy People 2020 (LHI)-Leading Health Indicators - For example, under the Tobacco
topic, one LHI is listed as "Adults who are current cigarette smokers" (USDHHS, 2016a, para. 13).
Cigarette smoking, as you will explore later, is "the single most preventable cause of disease,
disability, and death in the United States" (USDHHS, 2016b, para. 1).
Levels of prevention - Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Primary - The goal of primary prevention is to stop illness or injury before it happens. For
instance, antismoking laws are a form of primary prevention, as are immunizations, seat belts,
sunscreen, and nursing education about health promotion, nutrition, and safety.
Secondary - Secondary prevention prevents an existing illness or injury condition from
becoming worse. For example, heart attack patients are prescribed an aspirin a day to reduce
their chance of further heart problems. Another secondary prevention measure is screening to
detect a disease of which an individual is unaware of having, such as breast cancer, diabetes, or
, colon cancer. Detecting the disease allows for treatment and hopefully prevents worsening of
the condition.
Tertiary - After an injury has been treated or an illness enters a chronic phase, tertiary
prevention prevents the lasting effects of the condition or tries to lessen their impact. For
example, a recovering stroke patient will need rehabilitation and physical therapy to strengthen
and condition the individual to live with his or her new disabilities.
Risk factors - Variables that increase the vulnerability of an individual or a group to an
illness or accident
Risk factors include:
Genetic and physiological factors
Age
Environment
Lifestyle
Nursing Roles - Advocate
Care manager
Consultant
Deliverer of services
Educator
Communicator
Researcher
Benner - Benner's stages of nursing proficiency:
Novice
Advanced beginner
Competent
Proficient
Expert
