TEST BANK Animal Diversity 9/E Cleveland Hickman
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Chapter 01 9e \| \|
1) A characteristic of science is that
\| \| \| \| \|
A) it is not explained by natural laws.
\| \| \| \| \| \|
B) its hypotheses are testable. \| \| \|
C) its conclusions are final. \| \| \|
D) it is not falsifiable. \| \| \|
E) it seeks to define the vitalistic forces of life.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
2) During the creation court case in Arkansas, Judge Overton defined the essential properties of
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
science. Which statement is NOT true about science?
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
A) Science is concerned about understanding the natural world.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \|
B) Science approaches data in a personal or subjective manner.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
C) Conclusions of science are subject to change based on new findings. \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
D) Science establishes hypotheses that have the potential to be tested and disproved.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
3) Much of science is based on an approach known as the
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| method.
A) natural
B) inductive-deductive
C) hypothetical
D) hypothetico-deductive
4) What is a hypothesis?
\| \| \|
A) A tentative statement, based on information or data, that explains a large number of
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
observations and guides experimentation.
\| \| \| \|
B) A report of the findings of scientific experiments.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \|
C) A general statement made to infer a specific conclusion, often in an "if . . . then"
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
format.
\|
D) Using isolated facts to reach a general idea that may explain a phenomenon.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
1
,5) Which statement about a hypothesis is NOT correct?
\| \| \| \| \| \| \|
A) Experiments or observations are conducted to test a hypothesis. \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
B) A hypothesis can be tested many times using different methods.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
C) Data that support a hypothesis actually prove it to be true.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
D) If data from experimentation does not lend support to a hypothesis, the hypothesis
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
\| must be rejected or revised. \| \| \| \|
6) Which of the following best describes a conceptual scheme in science that is strongly
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
supported, has not yet been found incorrect, and is based on the results of many
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
observations?
\|
A) A scientific paradigm \| \|
B) Descriptive research \|
C) A scientific theory \| \|
D) Experimental results \|
7) Attempting to understand proximate or immediate causes in Biology requires this type of
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
approach:
\|
A) Evolutionary.
B) Descriptive.
C) Theoretical.
D) Experimental.
8) What is the goal of using the experimental method to investigate proximate causes in
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
biology?
\|
A) To disprove biological principles or theories.
\| \| \| \| \|
B) To test our understanding of a biological system.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \|
C) To better mankind by inventing something unique.
\| \| \| \| \| \|
D) To prove or disprove the existence of God.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \|
9) To have a frame of reference against which to compare experimental findings, a scientist
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
\| must
A) study two groups: a control group and an experimental group.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
B) eliminate all expectations that might cause a biased interpretation of the results.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
C) have other scientists look at the results.
\| \| \| \| \| \|
D) do nothing; a "frame of reference" is not necessary.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
2
,10) You are in your first week of student teaching and are preparing a question for your students
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
concerning experimental design for a science laboratory. Which of the following statements
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
would you hope your students choose as NOT correct regarding experimental design?
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
A) All conditions are held the same except for the condition being tested for in the
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
experimental group. \| \|
B) It is best to use identical subjects (except for the treatment in the experimental group)
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
in order to reduce the uncontrolled factors.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \|
C) The condition being tested in an experiment is the "control."
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
D) Statistical comparisons are made between groups to determine if any difference is \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
beyond random chance. \| \| \|
11) In your study group you have been asked to explain the difference between control and
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
experimental groups. Which statement give below provides the best description of a control
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
group?
\|
A) A group with the condition that is being tested.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
B) A non-random sample taken through all experimental steps.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \|
C) A variable that is being deliberately varied in the experiment.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
D) A group that lacks the disturbance experienced by the experimental group.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
12) Some ecologists study complex interactions of animals and plants in forests. Such field
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
research produces slightly different results for different researchers. In contrast, ecology
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
experiments performed indoors with one organism in a terrarium usually produce results that
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
are repeatable. What is the most likely explanation?
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
A) The scientific method is only useful in laboratory settings.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
B) It is not possible to establish a control group outside of a laboratory.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
C) It is easier to hold all but one variable constant in a laboratory.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
D) Fieldwork is evolutionary; laboratory work is experimental. \| \| \| \| \| \|
3
, 13) A person goes around banging a drum each day. You ask him why. He replies, "To drive off
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
the tigers!" You reply "But there aren't any tigers around here." He replies, "See, it works!"
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
From a science viewpoint, this conclusion
\| \| \| \| \| \|
A) is science because it is predictive of what will happen tomorrow morning.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
B) is scientifically valid because there is probably a connection between loud noise and
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
absence of tigers. \| \| \|
C) is not valid unless there is the potential for tigers to be here, or a test is run with
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
tigers. \|
D) cannot be scientifically treated because it involves human behavior. \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
14) From Missouri to central Ohio to Pennsylvania, many people believe that they have water
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
moccasins ("cottonmouth snakes") in their farm ponds. Many have "seen them" although
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
they are not so foolish as to try to capture one alive. Meanwhile, the wildlife officers and the
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
range maps in the herpetology books say that cottonmouths do not breed this far north. What
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
is the most scientific attitude to assume on this issue?
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
A) Observations by both the public and the fish and game officers are subjective so this \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
is not possible to resolve objectively.
\| \| \| \| \| \|
B) A field trip to the pond locations to capture and confirm the identity o f the snakes
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
would settle the matter. \| \| \| \|
C) Scientific books with range maps are based on field research and, therefore, \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
determine the truth in this case.
\| \| \| \| \| \|
D) Because living organisms are active, scientific theories in biology always change and \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
the older books are therefore wrong.
\| \| \| \| \| \|
15) Which of the following questions addresses an ultimate cause in biology that could be
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
studied using the comparative method?
\| \| \| \| \|
A) How does an animal maintain a constant body temperature in different environmental
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
conditions? \|
B) What are the evolutionary factors that caused some species of birds to acquire
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
complex patterns of seasonal migration between North and South America?
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
C) What are the environmental factors that signal the birds of a particular species to
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
begin their seasonal migration?
\| \| \| \|
D) What are the receptors for geomagnetism in Monarch butterflies? \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
4
\| \| \| \| \| \|
Chapter 01 9e \| \|
1) A characteristic of science is that
\| \| \| \| \|
A) it is not explained by natural laws.
\| \| \| \| \| \|
B) its hypotheses are testable. \| \| \|
C) its conclusions are final. \| \| \|
D) it is not falsifiable. \| \| \|
E) it seeks to define the vitalistic forces of life.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
2) During the creation court case in Arkansas, Judge Overton defined the essential properties of
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
science. Which statement is NOT true about science?
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
A) Science is concerned about understanding the natural world.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \|
B) Science approaches data in a personal or subjective manner.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
C) Conclusions of science are subject to change based on new findings. \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
D) Science establishes hypotheses that have the potential to be tested and disproved.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
3) Much of science is based on an approach known as the
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| method.
A) natural
B) inductive-deductive
C) hypothetical
D) hypothetico-deductive
4) What is a hypothesis?
\| \| \|
A) A tentative statement, based on information or data, that explains a large number of
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
observations and guides experimentation.
\| \| \| \|
B) A report of the findings of scientific experiments.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \|
C) A general statement made to infer a specific conclusion, often in an "if . . . then"
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
format.
\|
D) Using isolated facts to reach a general idea that may explain a phenomenon.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
1
,5) Which statement about a hypothesis is NOT correct?
\| \| \| \| \| \| \|
A) Experiments or observations are conducted to test a hypothesis. \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
B) A hypothesis can be tested many times using different methods.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
C) Data that support a hypothesis actually prove it to be true.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
D) If data from experimentation does not lend support to a hypothesis, the hypothesis
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
\| must be rejected or revised. \| \| \| \|
6) Which of the following best describes a conceptual scheme in science that is strongly
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
supported, has not yet been found incorrect, and is based on the results of many
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
observations?
\|
A) A scientific paradigm \| \|
B) Descriptive research \|
C) A scientific theory \| \|
D) Experimental results \|
7) Attempting to understand proximate or immediate causes in Biology requires this type of
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
approach:
\|
A) Evolutionary.
B) Descriptive.
C) Theoretical.
D) Experimental.
8) What is the goal of using the experimental method to investigate proximate causes in
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
biology?
\|
A) To disprove biological principles or theories.
\| \| \| \| \|
B) To test our understanding of a biological system.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \|
C) To better mankind by inventing something unique.
\| \| \| \| \| \|
D) To prove or disprove the existence of God.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \|
9) To have a frame of reference against which to compare experimental findings, a scientist
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
\| must
A) study two groups: a control group and an experimental group.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
B) eliminate all expectations that might cause a biased interpretation of the results.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
C) have other scientists look at the results.
\| \| \| \| \| \|
D) do nothing; a "frame of reference" is not necessary.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
2
,10) You are in your first week of student teaching and are preparing a question for your students
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
concerning experimental design for a science laboratory. Which of the following statements
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
would you hope your students choose as NOT correct regarding experimental design?
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
A) All conditions are held the same except for the condition being tested for in the
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
experimental group. \| \|
B) It is best to use identical subjects (except for the treatment in the experimental group)
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
in order to reduce the uncontrolled factors.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \|
C) The condition being tested in an experiment is the "control."
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
D) Statistical comparisons are made between groups to determine if any difference is \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
beyond random chance. \| \| \|
11) In your study group you have been asked to explain the difference between control and
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
experimental groups. Which statement give below provides the best description of a control
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
group?
\|
A) A group with the condition that is being tested.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
B) A non-random sample taken through all experimental steps.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \|
C) A variable that is being deliberately varied in the experiment.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
D) A group that lacks the disturbance experienced by the experimental group.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
12) Some ecologists study complex interactions of animals and plants in forests. Such field
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
research produces slightly different results for different researchers. In contrast, ecology
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
experiments performed indoors with one organism in a terrarium usually produce results that
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
are repeatable. What is the most likely explanation?
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
A) The scientific method is only useful in laboratory settings.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
B) It is not possible to establish a control group outside of a laboratory.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
C) It is easier to hold all but one variable constant in a laboratory.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
D) Fieldwork is evolutionary; laboratory work is experimental. \| \| \| \| \| \|
3
, 13) A person goes around banging a drum each day. You ask him why. He replies, "To drive off
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
the tigers!" You reply "But there aren't any tigers around here." He replies, "See, it works!"
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
From a science viewpoint, this conclusion
\| \| \| \| \| \|
A) is science because it is predictive of what will happen tomorrow morning.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
B) is scientifically valid because there is probably a connection between loud noise and
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
absence of tigers. \| \| \|
C) is not valid unless there is the potential for tigers to be here, or a test is run with
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
tigers. \|
D) cannot be scientifically treated because it involves human behavior. \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
14) From Missouri to central Ohio to Pennsylvania, many people believe that they have water
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
moccasins ("cottonmouth snakes") in their farm ponds. Many have "seen them" although
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
they are not so foolish as to try to capture one alive. Meanwhile, the wildlife officers and the
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
range maps in the herpetology books say that cottonmouths do not breed this far north. What
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
is the most scientific attitude to assume on this issue?
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
A) Observations by both the public and the fish and game officers are subjective so this \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
is not possible to resolve objectively.
\| \| \| \| \| \|
B) A field trip to the pond locations to capture and confirm the identity o f the snakes
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
would settle the matter. \| \| \| \|
C) Scientific books with range maps are based on field research and, therefore, \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
determine the truth in this case.
\| \| \| \| \| \|
D) Because living organisms are active, scientific theories in biology always change and \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
the older books are therefore wrong.
\| \| \| \| \| \|
15) Which of the following questions addresses an ultimate cause in biology that could be
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
studied using the comparative method?
\| \| \| \| \|
A) How does an animal maintain a constant body temperature in different environmental
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
conditions? \|
B) What are the evolutionary factors that caused some species of birds to acquire
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
complex patterns of seasonal migration between North and South America?
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
C) What are the environmental factors that signal the birds of a particular species to
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
begin their seasonal migration?
\| \| \| \|
D) What are the receptors for geomagnetism in Monarch butterflies? \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
4
