Notities onderzoeksvaardigheden (2025)
Onderzoeksvaardigheden
Hoorcollege 1: 10/02.............................................................................................................. 7
Evaluatie.............................................................................................................................7
Inleiding.............................................................................................................................. 7
Een onderzoekende houding ontwikkelen..........................................................................7
Een ‘perfect’ onderzoeksproces doorlopen........................................................................ 7
Onderzoek voorbereiden....................................................................................................8
Onderwerp vinden........................................................................................................ 8
Onderwerp en afbakening............................................................................................ 9
Van onderwerp naar onderzoeksvraag.........................................................................9
Soorten onderzoeksvragen........................................................................................ 10
Eisen aan een onderzoeksvraag................................................................................10
Oefening 1 (Maak gebruik van de eisen voor een onderzoeksvraag en licht (waar
mogelijk) enkele problemen per onderzoeksvraag toe. Geef concrete suggesties
om de onderzoeksvragen te verbeteren.):............................................................11
Selecterende werking van een onderzoeksvraag...................................................... 12
Hoofdvraag en deelvragen......................................................................................... 13
Onderzoek plannen.................................................................................................... 13
Onderzoeksplan opstellen..........................................................................................13
Seminarie/werkcollege 1: 10/02.......................................................................................... 14
Promotoren.......................................................................................................................14
Grootte bachelorscriptie................................................................................................... 14
Algemeen onderwerp bachelorscriptie............................................................................. 15
Type bachelorscriptie....................................................................................................... 15
Globaal vs. afgebakend onderwerp..................................................................................15
Voorbeelden............................................................................................................... 15
OPDRACHT tegen 17/02...................................................................................................... 17
Opdracht 1........................................................................................................................17
Opdracht 2........................................................................................................................17
Opdracht 3........................................................................................................................18
Hoorcollege 2: 17/02............................................................................................................ 19
Verschil tussen precies en afgebakend (criteria om onderzoeksvraag te formuleren).....19
Inleiding............................................................................................................................ 19
Bronnen zoeken............................................................................................................... 20
Zoekstrategieën bepalen: Algemeen..........................................................................20
Zoekstrategieën bepalen: Zoekmachines & databanken........................................... 20
Zoekstrategieën bepalen: Webportalen......................................................................23
Zoekstrategieën bepalen: URL's................................................................................ 23
Zoektermen bepalen: Genereren, combineren, bewerken.........................................23
Zoektermen bepalen: Booleaanse operatoren........................................................... 24
Zoekstrategieën uitvoeren..........................................................................................25
Conclusie..........................................................................................................................25
Seminarie/werkcollege 2: 17/02.......................................................................................... 26
Notities onderzoeksvaardigheden (2025)
1
, Notities onderzoeksvaardigheden (2025)
Verkennen algemeen onderwerp..................................................................................... 26
Beginnen zoektocht..........................................................................................................26
Genereren zoektocht........................................................................................................27
Gebruiken zoektermen in gespecialiseerde zoekmachines............................................. 27
OPDRACHT tegen 24/02...................................................................................................... 28
Hoorcollege 3: 24/02............................................................................................................ 28
Inleiding............................................................................................................................ 28
Bronnen beoordelen.........................................................................................................29
Iteratief beoordelingsproces....................................................................................... 29
Evaluatiecriteria.......................................................................................................... 29
Peerreview................................................................................................................. 30
‘’Los’ beoordelen (‘CACAO’-criteria).......................................................................... 30
Brondocumentatie en -vermelding................................................................................... 31
Algemene concepten..................................................................................................31
Redenen voor bronvermelding................................................................................... 32
Wanneer is bronvermelding noodzakelijk?.................................................................32
Wat is plagiaat?.......................................................................................................... 32
Misvattingen/mythes over plagiaat............................................................................. 33
Informatie ontlenen: Drie vormen............................................................................... 33
Conclusies........................................................................................................................33
Seminarie/werkcollege 3: 24/02.......................................................................................... 34
OPDRACHT tegen 03/03...................................................................................................... 35
Hoorcollege 4: 03/03............................................................................................................ 35
APA.................................................................................................................................. 35
Conventies................................................................................................................. 35
Koppeltekens en en dashes....................................................................................... 35
Referentiestijlen: ‘The Big Five’.................................................................................. 36
Vaak voorkomende bronnen.......................................................................................36
APA-uitdagingen.........................................................................................................37
Conclusie..........................................................................................................................38
Seminarie/werkcollege 4: 03/03.......................................................................................... 39
Hoorcollege 5: 10/03............................................................................................................ 39
Terminologie: soorten onderzoek..................................................................................... 39
Terminologie: focus op empirisch onderzoeksdesign.......................................................41
Dataverzamelingsmethoden.............................................................................................43
Overzicht.................................................................................................................... 43
Procesgericht onderzoek: inleiding.................................................................................. 43
Procesonderzoek doen.............................................................................................. 44
Procesgericht onderzoek: methoden & tools....................................................................44
Keystroke logging....................................................................................................... 44
Seminarie/werkcollege 5: 10/03.......................................................................................... 45
Taak 1: instructies.............................................................................................................45
Brontekst.................................................................................................................... 45
Taak 2: instructies.............................................................................................................45
Notities onderzoeksvaardigheden (2025)
2
, Notities onderzoeksvaardigheden (2025)
Hoorcollege 6: 17/03 (gastcollege)..................................................................................... 46
Corpus linguistics............................................................................................................. 46
Historical orientation.........................................................................................................46
Breakdown................................................................................................................. 46
Two approaches............................................................................................................... 46
Corpora............................................................................................................................ 47
Digital corpus tools........................................................................................................... 47
Basic corpus statistics...................................................................................................... 48
Statistical methods........................................................................................................... 48
Corpora in linguistic research...........................................................................................48
Corpus research in lexicography......................................................................................48
Corpus in the study of grammatical structures................................................................. 48
Corpus in speech research.............................................................................................. 49
Corpus in semantic research............................................................................................49
Corpus in pragmatic research.......................................................................................... 49
Corpora in psycholinguistics and therapy.........................................................................49
Corpora in sociolinguistics................................................................................................49
Corpora in language pedagogy........................................................................................ 49
Corpora in specialised languages.................................................................................... 50
Corpora in translation....................................................................................................... 50
Types of corpora in translation......................................................................................... 50
Corpora in translation studies...........................................................................................50
Research directions in corpus-based translation studies................................................. 51
Character of studies................................................................................................... 51
Studies on translation universals................................................................................51
Translation universals (controversial)...............................................................................51
Decline in popularity of universals..............................................................................51
Studies in the styles of literary translators........................................................................52
Studies on parallel corpora...............................................................................................52
Corpora in translation practice......................................................................................... 52
Corpora in translator education........................................................................................ 53
Materials for translators....................................................................................................53
Pros and cons of corpora in translation............................................................................53
CAT (Computer Assisted Translation) tools based on corpora........................................ 53
Corpora in interpreting studies......................................................................................... 54
Interpreting practice....................................................................................................54
Interpreter training and pedagogy.............................................................................. 54
Mind legal issues..............................................................................................................54
Creative Commons licences.......................................................................................55
Conclusions......................................................................................................................55
Seminarie/werkcollege 6: 20/03.......................................................................................... 56
Hoorcollege 7: 24/03............................................................................................................ 61
Think Aloud Protocol (TAP).............................................................................................. 61
Wat is TAP?................................................................................................................ 61
Notities onderzoeksvaardigheden (2025)
3
, Notities onderzoeksvaardigheden (2025)
Types TAP (wordt vaak op examen gevraagd)...........................................................61
Effect van TAP............................................................................................................61
Twijfels over TAP........................................................................................................ 62
Gebruik van TAP in de praktijk................................................................................... 62
TAP in de praktijk........................................................................................................62
Proces TAP.................................................................................................................62
TAP in vertaalwetenschap.......................................................................................... 63
Voorbeeld TAP: Robert (2012)................................................................................... 63
Model voor coderen (< writing studies)...................................................................... 63
Softwares................................................................................................................... 64
Screenrecording (schermopname)...................................................................................64
Eye tracking......................................................................................................................64
Waarom eye tracking gebruiken?...............................................................................65
Basisprincipe onderzoek met eye tracking.................................................................65
Types visuele aandacht..............................................................................................65
Terminologie............................................................................................................... 66
Wat meten we met eye tracking?............................................................................... 68
Regressies................................................................................................................. 68
Geïntegreerde metingen............................................................................................ 68
Heatmaps................................................................................................................... 68
Gaze plots.................................................................................................................. 69
Veel gebruikte metingen met eye tracking................................................................. 69
Waarom eye tracking gebruiken?...............................................................................70
Fysiologische meetmethoden...........................................................................................70
Elektrodermale activtiet.............................................................................................. 70
Hartslag...................................................................................................................... 70
Elektro-encefalografie (meestal afgekort tot EEG) en functionele magnetische
resonantie beeldvorming (MRI).................................................................................. 70
Persoonlijkheidstest......................................................................................................... 70
‘Big five’ (OCEAN)...................................................................................................... 71
Andere testen................................................................................................................... 71
Deelnemersgericht onderzoek......................................................................................... 71
Inleiding...................................................................................................................... 71
Enquêtes.................................................................................................................... 72
Seminarie/werkcollege 7: 24/03.......................................................................................... 76
Hoorcollege 8: 31/03............................................................................................................ 76
Deelnemersgericht onderzoek......................................................................................... 76
Interviews en focusgroepen....................................................................................... 76
NB: NVivo voor interviews alleen?............................................................................. 82
Contextgericht onderzoek................................................................................................ 82
Handboeken............................................................................................................... 82
Productgericht onderzoek................................................................................................ 82
Discoursanalyse......................................................................................................... 82
Vertaalstrategieën...................................................................................................... 82
Notities onderzoeksvaardigheden (2025)
4
Onderzoeksvaardigheden
Hoorcollege 1: 10/02.............................................................................................................. 7
Evaluatie.............................................................................................................................7
Inleiding.............................................................................................................................. 7
Een onderzoekende houding ontwikkelen..........................................................................7
Een ‘perfect’ onderzoeksproces doorlopen........................................................................ 7
Onderzoek voorbereiden....................................................................................................8
Onderwerp vinden........................................................................................................ 8
Onderwerp en afbakening............................................................................................ 9
Van onderwerp naar onderzoeksvraag.........................................................................9
Soorten onderzoeksvragen........................................................................................ 10
Eisen aan een onderzoeksvraag................................................................................10
Oefening 1 (Maak gebruik van de eisen voor een onderzoeksvraag en licht (waar
mogelijk) enkele problemen per onderzoeksvraag toe. Geef concrete suggesties
om de onderzoeksvragen te verbeteren.):............................................................11
Selecterende werking van een onderzoeksvraag...................................................... 12
Hoofdvraag en deelvragen......................................................................................... 13
Onderzoek plannen.................................................................................................... 13
Onderzoeksplan opstellen..........................................................................................13
Seminarie/werkcollege 1: 10/02.......................................................................................... 14
Promotoren.......................................................................................................................14
Grootte bachelorscriptie................................................................................................... 14
Algemeen onderwerp bachelorscriptie............................................................................. 15
Type bachelorscriptie....................................................................................................... 15
Globaal vs. afgebakend onderwerp..................................................................................15
Voorbeelden............................................................................................................... 15
OPDRACHT tegen 17/02...................................................................................................... 17
Opdracht 1........................................................................................................................17
Opdracht 2........................................................................................................................17
Opdracht 3........................................................................................................................18
Hoorcollege 2: 17/02............................................................................................................ 19
Verschil tussen precies en afgebakend (criteria om onderzoeksvraag te formuleren).....19
Inleiding............................................................................................................................ 19
Bronnen zoeken............................................................................................................... 20
Zoekstrategieën bepalen: Algemeen..........................................................................20
Zoekstrategieën bepalen: Zoekmachines & databanken........................................... 20
Zoekstrategieën bepalen: Webportalen......................................................................23
Zoekstrategieën bepalen: URL's................................................................................ 23
Zoektermen bepalen: Genereren, combineren, bewerken.........................................23
Zoektermen bepalen: Booleaanse operatoren........................................................... 24
Zoekstrategieën uitvoeren..........................................................................................25
Conclusie..........................................................................................................................25
Seminarie/werkcollege 2: 17/02.......................................................................................... 26
Notities onderzoeksvaardigheden (2025)
1
, Notities onderzoeksvaardigheden (2025)
Verkennen algemeen onderwerp..................................................................................... 26
Beginnen zoektocht..........................................................................................................26
Genereren zoektocht........................................................................................................27
Gebruiken zoektermen in gespecialiseerde zoekmachines............................................. 27
OPDRACHT tegen 24/02...................................................................................................... 28
Hoorcollege 3: 24/02............................................................................................................ 28
Inleiding............................................................................................................................ 28
Bronnen beoordelen.........................................................................................................29
Iteratief beoordelingsproces....................................................................................... 29
Evaluatiecriteria.......................................................................................................... 29
Peerreview................................................................................................................. 30
‘’Los’ beoordelen (‘CACAO’-criteria).......................................................................... 30
Brondocumentatie en -vermelding................................................................................... 31
Algemene concepten..................................................................................................31
Redenen voor bronvermelding................................................................................... 32
Wanneer is bronvermelding noodzakelijk?.................................................................32
Wat is plagiaat?.......................................................................................................... 32
Misvattingen/mythes over plagiaat............................................................................. 33
Informatie ontlenen: Drie vormen............................................................................... 33
Conclusies........................................................................................................................33
Seminarie/werkcollege 3: 24/02.......................................................................................... 34
OPDRACHT tegen 03/03...................................................................................................... 35
Hoorcollege 4: 03/03............................................................................................................ 35
APA.................................................................................................................................. 35
Conventies................................................................................................................. 35
Koppeltekens en en dashes....................................................................................... 35
Referentiestijlen: ‘The Big Five’.................................................................................. 36
Vaak voorkomende bronnen.......................................................................................36
APA-uitdagingen.........................................................................................................37
Conclusie..........................................................................................................................38
Seminarie/werkcollege 4: 03/03.......................................................................................... 39
Hoorcollege 5: 10/03............................................................................................................ 39
Terminologie: soorten onderzoek..................................................................................... 39
Terminologie: focus op empirisch onderzoeksdesign.......................................................41
Dataverzamelingsmethoden.............................................................................................43
Overzicht.................................................................................................................... 43
Procesgericht onderzoek: inleiding.................................................................................. 43
Procesonderzoek doen.............................................................................................. 44
Procesgericht onderzoek: methoden & tools....................................................................44
Keystroke logging....................................................................................................... 44
Seminarie/werkcollege 5: 10/03.......................................................................................... 45
Taak 1: instructies.............................................................................................................45
Brontekst.................................................................................................................... 45
Taak 2: instructies.............................................................................................................45
Notities onderzoeksvaardigheden (2025)
2
, Notities onderzoeksvaardigheden (2025)
Hoorcollege 6: 17/03 (gastcollege)..................................................................................... 46
Corpus linguistics............................................................................................................. 46
Historical orientation.........................................................................................................46
Breakdown................................................................................................................. 46
Two approaches............................................................................................................... 46
Corpora............................................................................................................................ 47
Digital corpus tools........................................................................................................... 47
Basic corpus statistics...................................................................................................... 48
Statistical methods........................................................................................................... 48
Corpora in linguistic research...........................................................................................48
Corpus research in lexicography......................................................................................48
Corpus in the study of grammatical structures................................................................. 48
Corpus in speech research.............................................................................................. 49
Corpus in semantic research............................................................................................49
Corpus in pragmatic research.......................................................................................... 49
Corpora in psycholinguistics and therapy.........................................................................49
Corpora in sociolinguistics................................................................................................49
Corpora in language pedagogy........................................................................................ 49
Corpora in specialised languages.................................................................................... 50
Corpora in translation....................................................................................................... 50
Types of corpora in translation......................................................................................... 50
Corpora in translation studies...........................................................................................50
Research directions in corpus-based translation studies................................................. 51
Character of studies................................................................................................... 51
Studies on translation universals................................................................................51
Translation universals (controversial)...............................................................................51
Decline in popularity of universals..............................................................................51
Studies in the styles of literary translators........................................................................52
Studies on parallel corpora...............................................................................................52
Corpora in translation practice......................................................................................... 52
Corpora in translator education........................................................................................ 53
Materials for translators....................................................................................................53
Pros and cons of corpora in translation............................................................................53
CAT (Computer Assisted Translation) tools based on corpora........................................ 53
Corpora in interpreting studies......................................................................................... 54
Interpreting practice....................................................................................................54
Interpreter training and pedagogy.............................................................................. 54
Mind legal issues..............................................................................................................54
Creative Commons licences.......................................................................................55
Conclusions......................................................................................................................55
Seminarie/werkcollege 6: 20/03.......................................................................................... 56
Hoorcollege 7: 24/03............................................................................................................ 61
Think Aloud Protocol (TAP).............................................................................................. 61
Wat is TAP?................................................................................................................ 61
Notities onderzoeksvaardigheden (2025)
3
, Notities onderzoeksvaardigheden (2025)
Types TAP (wordt vaak op examen gevraagd)...........................................................61
Effect van TAP............................................................................................................61
Twijfels over TAP........................................................................................................ 62
Gebruik van TAP in de praktijk................................................................................... 62
TAP in de praktijk........................................................................................................62
Proces TAP.................................................................................................................62
TAP in vertaalwetenschap.......................................................................................... 63
Voorbeeld TAP: Robert (2012)................................................................................... 63
Model voor coderen (< writing studies)...................................................................... 63
Softwares................................................................................................................... 64
Screenrecording (schermopname)...................................................................................64
Eye tracking......................................................................................................................64
Waarom eye tracking gebruiken?...............................................................................65
Basisprincipe onderzoek met eye tracking.................................................................65
Types visuele aandacht..............................................................................................65
Terminologie............................................................................................................... 66
Wat meten we met eye tracking?............................................................................... 68
Regressies................................................................................................................. 68
Geïntegreerde metingen............................................................................................ 68
Heatmaps................................................................................................................... 68
Gaze plots.................................................................................................................. 69
Veel gebruikte metingen met eye tracking................................................................. 69
Waarom eye tracking gebruiken?...............................................................................70
Fysiologische meetmethoden...........................................................................................70
Elektrodermale activtiet.............................................................................................. 70
Hartslag...................................................................................................................... 70
Elektro-encefalografie (meestal afgekort tot EEG) en functionele magnetische
resonantie beeldvorming (MRI).................................................................................. 70
Persoonlijkheidstest......................................................................................................... 70
‘Big five’ (OCEAN)...................................................................................................... 71
Andere testen................................................................................................................... 71
Deelnemersgericht onderzoek......................................................................................... 71
Inleiding...................................................................................................................... 71
Enquêtes.................................................................................................................... 72
Seminarie/werkcollege 7: 24/03.......................................................................................... 76
Hoorcollege 8: 31/03............................................................................................................ 76
Deelnemersgericht onderzoek......................................................................................... 76
Interviews en focusgroepen....................................................................................... 76
NB: NVivo voor interviews alleen?............................................................................. 82
Contextgericht onderzoek................................................................................................ 82
Handboeken............................................................................................................... 82
Productgericht onderzoek................................................................................................ 82
Discoursanalyse......................................................................................................... 82
Vertaalstrategieën...................................................................................................... 82
Notities onderzoeksvaardigheden (2025)
4
