BIOD 171 FINAL EXAM C0mplete Assignment Questions And Answers Guaranteed success

Which of the following are considered Protista? Select all that apply. Bacteria Yeast Algae Amoeba - ANSWERS- Algae - Amoeba True or False: Protista retain unicellular classification, as they are unable to form tissue layers. - ANSWERSTrue The function of lysosome is (select all that apply): - To produce energy (ATP) - Protein synthesis - Lipid synthesis - Waste via hydrolytic enzymes - Protein modification and distribution - ANSWERSWaste via hydrolytic enzymes The function of the ribosome is (select all that apply): - Wast disposal via hydrolytic enzymes - To produce energy (ATP) - Protein synthesis - Lipid synthesis - Protein modification and distribution - ANSWERS- Protein synthesis - Protein modification and distribution Identify the following cellular components by matching the number with the description. Rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Nucleus Cell wall Plasma membrane Centriole Lysosome - ANSWERSreview diagram 1- C 2- G 3- E 4- B 5- A The combination of the cell membrane and the outer membrane is referred to as the (select all that apply): Capsid Cell envelope Outer leaflet Cell wall - ANSWERSCell envelope The function of the mitochondria is (select all that apply): Protein modification and distribution To produce energy (ATP) Lipid synthesis Protein synthesis Waste disposal via hydraulic enzymes - ANSWERSTo produce energy (ATP) The function of the Golgi is (select all that apply): Protein modification and distribution To produce energy (ATP) Waste disposal via hydraulic enzymes Lipid synthesis Protein synthesis - ANSWERSLipid synthesis True or False. All multicellular microorganisms classified as Animalia is autotrophic. - ANSWERSFalse What is the primary byproduct of the TCA cycle? Select all that apply. NADH FAD FADH2 NAD+ - ANSWERS- NADH - FADH2 How many ATP does the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle produce per pyruvate? 1 2 4 34 - ANSWERS1 ATP In the absence of glucose, which of the following can be used as alternative energy sources? Select all that apply. Nucleic acids Lactose Carbohydrates Lipids - ANSWERS- Lactose - Carbohydrates - Lipids True or False. The β-oxidation pathway catabolizes the fatty acid chains of lipids. - ANSWERSTrue In the absence of glucose, which of the following CAN NOT be used as alternative energy sources? Select all that apply. Carbohydrates Nucleic acids Lactose Fatty acid chains - ANSWERSNucleic Acids True or False: Chloroplasts are specific to algae and plants. - ANSWERSTrue True or False. The β-oxidation pathway is responsible for the ANABOLISM of fatty acid chains. - ANSWERSFalse the β-oxidation pathways is responsible for CATABOLISM of fatty acid chains The process of carbon fixation begins with which of the following reactants: select all that apply. NADH ATP H20 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate CO2 - ANSWERS- NADH - ATP - H20 -CO2 In phosphorylation, the light reactions always occur where? - ANSWERSIn the membrane The process of photophosphorylation produces which of the following: select all that apply. NADPH H20 ATP CO2 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate - ANSWERS- NADH - ATP True or False. The Calvin cycle must occur in the absence of light. - ANSWERSFalse True or False. The following decolorization step of the Gram stain, gram-negative bacteria will appear colorless. - ANSWERSTrue True or False: The distinguishing characteristic of Gram-Negative bacteria is the presence of LPS in the outer membrane. - ANSWERSTrue True or False: If you wish to study the motility of an organism you cannot heat fix, but you can chemically fix the specimen. - ANSWERSFalse Heat fixing and chemical fixing will kill the cell Name on substance capable of chemically fixing to a slide. - ANSWERSethanol You want to observe the size and shape of a cell. What is the easiest staining technique that you could perform? Name at least one dye you would use during this process. - ANSWERS- A simple stain - crystal violet dye. You suspect a patient may have TB. Once a sample has been obtained, it is sent off to the lab for an acid-fast stain. If the patient were infected with TB, describe what you would expect to see on the stained slide. - ANSWERSRed cells on a blue background True or False: If a patient is suspected of having malaria, a Giesma stain would be an appropriate differential test to perform. - ANSWERSTrue Identify what type of electron microscope was used to capture the following image and explain your choice. (A) - ANSWERSTransmission Electron Microscope (TEM) because this image shows a 2D image of the internal structure, which is only shown by the TEM True or False: A Giemsa stain can be used to determine the presence of pathogenic bacteria. - ANSWERSTrue True or False. The purpose of a quadrant streak is to produce individual colonies of bacterial population. - ANSWERSTrue Identify what type of electron microscope was used to capture the following image and explain your choice (B). - ANSWERSScanning Electron Microscope (SEM) because you can see the trademark shell that is shown in the 20nm image. When performing a quadrant streak, the sample is spread across the plate in such a way to form what? - ANSWERSA dilution gradient. A dilution gradient is formed when carrying out what generalize plating strategy? - ANSWERSPhase-Dilution streak In what phase of dilution streak would you expect to find the lowest concentration of bacteria. P2 or P4? - ANSWERSP4. The phases concentration rank from P1 being the highest, then P2, P3, and P4. True or False. When performing a dilution streak a new (or sterilized) loop is not required for each phase as long as the bacterial culture is pure. - ANSWERSFalse The number of phases (3 vs. 4) and/or the number of times a loop passes through a previous phase (once vs. multiple) is acceptable provided what happens? - ANSWERSThe resulting gradient has growth of the individual colonies in it True or False. To restrict the growth of a pathogenic microbe a researcher might decrease an incubator from 37°C to 25°C. - ANSWERSTrue When given an unknown bacterial sample the first step is to expand the current bacterial population. Which form of media best suites this need? Why? 1. MSA agar 2. LB media 3. MacConkey agar 4. Columbia CNA agar - ANSWERSLB media. All other options are forms of selective media which means they would potentially inhibit the growth of the unknown sample. True or False. Only directly ingesting the pre-formed clostridium toxin (neither the bacteria nor its spores) will cause disease in adults. - ANSWERSTrue True or False. There are currently no cures for tetanus. - ANSWERSTrue The alpha-toxin perfringolysin is associated with which medical condition caused by Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria? Tetanus Leprosy Botulism Gas gangrene - ANSWERSGas gangrene True or False. Pneumonic plague is often characterized by painfully swollen lymph nodes. - ANSWERSFalse True or False. Bubonic plague is often characterized by painfully swollen lymph nodes. - ANSWERSTrue Identify the following disease: (image of hand with large black open sore on base of thumb) Gas gangrene Frost bite Anthrax Tetanus - ANSWERSAnthrax True or False. Chlamydia trachomatis can be grown on an agar plate alone - ANSWERSFalse True or False. Similar to chickenpox, the blisters that appear with shingles can cover the entire body - ANSWERSFalse What linear, double-stranded, enveloped DNA virus is the first virus (as of Oct. 26, 1977) to be officially declared eradicated? - ANSWERSSmallpox Describe the main underlining differences between the Salk and Sabin polio vaccine. - ANSWERSThe Salk vaccine contained an inactivate form of the virus and was administered via injection. The Sabin vaccine contained a live, but weaker form of the virus and was administered orally. By whom and where was the first polio vaccine developed? - ANSWERSJonas Stalk and it was developed at the University of Pittsburgh A drug company is trying to develop a new drug that will inhibit viral ENTRY of influenza. Would the drug company target hemagglutinin proteins or neuraminidase proteins? Why? - ANSWERSHemagglutinin proteins would be the target because they are directly involved in viral attachment and entry into the host cell. Neuraminidase proteins are involved in the budding and release of new viral particles so they would not be the correct target. True or False. The viral capsid of HIV is dumbbell shaped and contains ~2,000 copies of the viral protein p24. - ANSWERSFalse What small (~30nm) single-stranded, non-enveloped RNA virus causes temporary or permanent paralysis by infiltrating (infecting) motor neurons within the spinal cord, brain stem, or motor cortex? - ANSWERSPolio What is one of the main functions of light reactions? - ANSWERSTo produce a proton concentration gradient to generate ATP While traveling abroad, should you be worried about coming into contact with either the Variola major or Variola minor viruses? - ANSWERSNo, both viruses are variants of smallpox and were eradicated in 1977 True or False. The viral capsid of HIV is cone shaped and contains ~2,000 copies of the viral protein p24. - ANSWERSTrue What is true pertaining to the dark reactions of photosynthesis? Select all that apply. - Occur in the membrane - It is the first step of photosynthesis - It converts light energy into chemical energy - Results in the formation of ATP and NADPH - It is known as the Calvin Cycle - It is the second step of photosynthesis - Results in the formation of NADP and ADP - It is known as photophosphorylation - Results in the formation of carbohydrates - Does not depend on sunlight - ANSWERS- It is known as the Calvin Cycle - It is the second step of photosynthesis - Results in the formation of NADP and ADP - Results in the formation of carbohydrates - Does not depend on sunlight