Bio 171 Final Exam Possible Questions And Answers 100% acculate Save

Match each of the following organelles with the correct description: Nucleus Endoplasmic Reticulum Lysosomes Chloroplasts Ribosomes Cytoplasm - ANSWERSNucleus - Contains genomic content Endoplasmic Reticulum - Series of membrane-enclosed sacs and interconnected tubes Lysosomes - contain hydrolytic enzymes for digestion Chloroplast - site of photosynthesis Ribosomes - function in protein synthesis Cytoplasm - constitutes the open volume within a cell Briefly explain how a Scanning Electron Microscope ( SEM ) forms an image of subcellular organelles , substrates , and viral particles . TEM - ANSWERSWhen using an SEM the samples are coated with gold or palladium, then exposed to a beam of electrons that reflects off the surface of the specimen creating a 3-D image When using a TEM, the sample is sliced very thinly and the electron passes through sample visualizing organelles, substrates, and viral particles Match each of the following diseases to the correct bacterial family: Scalded Skin Syndrome Tetanus Folliculitis Pneumonic Plague Bubonic plague Opthalmia Neonatorium Legionnaires - ANSWERSScalded Skin Syndrome - Staph aureus Tetanus - Clostridium tetani Folliculitis - Staph aureus Pneumonic Plague - Yersinia pestis Bubonic plague - Yersinia pestis Opthalmia Neonatorium - Staphylococcus Legionnaires - Legionella Identify each of the following microorganism as either a Prokaryote or a Eukaryote. E. Coli Archaeons Yeast Amoeba - ANSWERSE. Coli - Prokaryote Archaeons - Prokaryote Yeast - Eukaryote Amoeba - eukaryote Describe the primary distinction between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells - ANSWERSEukaryotic cell contains a nucleus that houses the genetic component of the organism, while prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus and their DNA is found in the cytoplasm Match each of the following terms with the correct desrcription: Phototroph Lithotroph Autotroph Chemotroph - ANSWERSPhototroph - Utilize photons to generate ATP from ADP Lithotroph - Remove electrons from inorganic molecules Autotroph - Obtain their source of carbon from inorganic molecules Chemotroph - Acquire energy from preformed chemicals found in the environment A researcher is looking to determine the source of contamination of a patient that presented with symptoms of food poisoning . To best determine between E. coli or Salmonella as the cause , what type of agar will be used to isolate the growth of each ? a. Differential Media b. Enriched Media c. Selective Media d. Selective and Differential Media - ANSWERSA. Differential Media A researcher is looking to solidify an agent for growth media. What polysaccharide substance would he/she use? a. Agar b. Beef abstract c. Peptone d. Yeast - ANSWERSa. Agar Place the following viral life cycle steps in order beginning with viral attachment ( 3points ) and provide a description of " ENTRY" and UNCOATING ( 1 point ) . - ANSWERS1. Attachment: the viurs attaches itself on to the proteins on the surface of the host cell 2. Entry: the virus integrates with the host cell membrane and enters the cell 3. Uncoating: if the virus has a capsid, the capsid dismantles in the cytoplasm 4. Replication: the virus duplicates its genome and multiplies itself 5. Release/Exit: new virus is created and leaves the cell 6. new infection: new virus infects new cells The Gram stain differentiates between bacteria based on the composition of their - ANSWERSCell Wall Which type of bacteria appears purple/violet in color after staining? - ANSWERSGram-positive Left untreated , three percent of cases of Streptococcal pharyngitis will progress to which of the following ? - ANSWERSRheumatic fever Describe TWO differences between DNA and RNA . - ANSWERSDNA is double-stranded which forms a double helix while RNA is single-stranded. Also, DNA contains deoxyribose sugar while RNA contains ribose. List the 4 nitrogenous bases found in RNA and describe how they pair with one another - ANSWERSAdenine (A) which pairs with Uracil (U) Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G) True or False When grown on Blood Agar Plates ( BAP ) , microbes capable of alpha hemolysis present as greenish - brown color colonies due to incomplete ( partial ) lysis of red blood cells - ANSWERSTrue Each of the following statements about glycolysis is true , except : - ANSWERSThe net gain is 4 ATP Each of the following statements about respiration is true, except: - ANSWERSIt does not produce ATP Describe the ONE main differences between lytic and temperate phages . - ANSWERSLytic phage replicate inside the host cell bacteria until lysis and the host cell ruptures, while temperate page does not replicate inside the cell but integrates itself into the host cell DNA and doesn't kill the host cell. Describe the TWO main characteristics of Lysogenic (temperate) bacteriophage replication - ANSWERSIt doesn't replicate and does not kill the host cell It integrates itself into the host genome and multiplies with the host cell as the host cell multiples. Bacteria that have a CURVED rod morphology are referred to as - ANSWERSVibrio Bacteria that have a ROD-like morphology are referred to as - ANSWERSBacillus You want to observe the movement of microorganisms that are present in a sample of cheek cells obtained on a patient . Briefly explain the technique that you would use and how it is performed - ANSWERSSince the motility of the organism is the priority observation we would need to use a wet mount. A liquid culture with the microorganism is added to a slide with a coverslip to hold the microbes in place. Explain the difference between a simple stain and a wet mount stain technique. When would each be indicated for use? - ANSWERSA wet mount is normally used for live samples, especially when observing motility. A liquid broth with the microbes are added onto a slide with a coverslip for protection and is observed under a microscope. A simple stain uses positively stained dyes to stain the membrane of the microbe. It is normally used to observe other characteristics of the organism such as size and shape. What coronavirus - associated infection gave rise to quarantining and travel restrictions in 2003 ? - ANSWERSSARS What coronavirus - associated infection gave rise to quarantining and travel restrictions in 2012 ? - ANSWERSMERS Match each type of agar plate to the corresponding general characteristics of each. 1. A multi - purpose media capable of growing a wide variety of microorganisms 2. Also known as lysogeny broth , it is a multi - purpose media capable of growing a wide variety of microorganisms . 3. Pale red in color and is both selective and differential media . The presence of crystal violet and bile salts in its formulation restricts Gram positive bacterial growth . As such , only Gram negative microbes can be grown . 4. [Red in color and is both a selective and differential media.] This Agar is selective for GRAM POSITIVE bacteria and can differentiate members of the Staphylococci family . 5. Red in color and is an enriched, selective and differential media. It contains the antimicrobial agents colistin and Nalidixic acid, it suppresses the growth of Gram negative bacteria and is, therefore, used for isolation of Gram positi - ANSWERS1. Trypticase Soy Agar 2. LB Agar 3. MacConkey Agar 4. Mannitol Salt Agar 5. Columbia CNA agar True or False Leprosy can move through the blood to other areas including the brain , spine , and kidneys . - ANSWERSFalse : TB is primarily considered a respiratory infection , but once it fully colonizes the lungs , TB can move through the blood to other areas including the brain , spine , and kidneys . True or False: TB cannot be spread through shaking someone's hand, sharing a drink, or kissing - ANSWERSTrue True or False Proteins can function to catalyze biochemical processes and play a role in structure , but they cannot enable movement . - ANSWERSFalse . Proteins can function to catalyze biochemical processes , play a role in structure , and they can enable movement True or False: Glucose is an example of disaccharide - ANSWERSFalse. Glucose is polysaccharide You are working with a patient who claims a friend " got the COVID - 19 infection from the vaccine " . Explain why the viral vector vaccine used to prevent the COVID - 19 infection cannot transmit the actual infection . - ANSWERSThe COVID vaccine was designed with only the spike protein of the virus not other genetic materials that causes an infection. Would one of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines give immunity against SARS or MERS infection? Explain your answer. - ANSWERSNo, the COVID vaccine was transcripted specifically for the corona virus. Match each type of microscope with the correct description 1. The simplest form of light , or optical , microscopes . Light , most often emitted from a standard halogen bulb , enters the microscope from the base bottom ) and is reflected via mirrors towards the sample . 2. Incoming light is in the form of the ultraviolet ( UV ) spectrum. 3. Can provide detailed images of live cells without staining . 4. Use of beams of electrons ( rather than light ) to increase its resolution capacity to less than 1nm -that's 200x. 5. Combines the usefulness of fluorescence microscopy with the ability to visualize cells in 3 - D 6. This microscope reflects light off of the specimen at an angle rather than light passing through the specimen . - ANSWERS1. Bright Field Microscope 2. Fluorescence Microscope 3. Phase Contrast Microscope 4. Electron Microscope 5. Confocal Microscope 6. Dark field Microscope Which of the following reactions is an example of a hydrolase ? a. A + B → A-B b. A-B + H2O → A-OH + B-H c. A— + B →A + B— d. Ab + C → A + Cb - ANSWERSb. A - B + H2O → A - OH + B - H Which of the following reactions is an example of an oxidoreductase? a. A + B → A-B b. A-B + H2O → A-OH + B-H c. A— + B →A + B— d. Ab + C → A + Cb - ANSWERSc. A— + B →A + B— Which region in a four phase dilutional streak contains the highest concentration of a microbial organism ? Describe the technique that is used in pulling the sample from one phase to the next - ANSWERSThe 1st phase will have the highest concentration. A new sterile loop must be used from going to phase one to phase 2, then another new sterile loop from phase 2 to phase 3 and so on. A new sterile loop must be used for each new region. After a microbiologist obtains a quadrant streak sample, what is the next action taken in the incubation process to obtain growth? - ANSWERSThe plate must be incubated at 37°C for at least 12 hours with the lid on and must be placed upside down Identify the following disease based upon the physical manifestation : black hole - ANSWERSAnthrax Identify the following disease based upon the physical manifestation: red ring - ANSWERSLyme disease Which of the following is / are true of Animalia ? ( Select all that apply ) - ANSWERSThey possess the ability to move Humans are an example Each of the following statements about measles , mumps , and rubella is true , except . - ANSWERSInfect the CNS ( central nervous system ) , leading to temporary or permanent paralysis There has been an outbreak of Staph Aureus within a local cleaning business . The employer Is trying to determine which of two companies has not been using sterile precautions when cleaning . To help determine who is responsible for unsanitary practices , a researcher streaks the isolated bacterial samples from each company onto MSA agar . After incubating the samples overnight at 37 ° C . , briefly explain how he will interpret the result of his samples . - ANSWERSIf Staph aureus is present, the MSA agar plate that is positive for staph aureus will turn yellow. The non-pathogenic bacteria will remain colorless. Maintaining a temperature of 37°C is optimal for promoting growth and is the temperature most commonly used by researchers. Describe an alternative incubation technique used to isolate a bacterium. - ANSWERSPathogenic bacteria normally grows faster at 37°C. The researcher may lower the incubator temperature to 25° to restrict the growth of pathogenic bacteria and just promote the growth of non-pathogenic bacteria. True or False The metabolism of a lipid - derived carbon atom will yield more ATP than a molecule of glucose - ANSWERSTrue Giemsa staining is used to detect each of the following , except : - ANSWERSNeisseria Gonorrhea What STD is caused by Gram - negative , diplococci , fastidious bacteria that may result in cardiac and neurological complication