1
NUR 206
NUR 206/ NUR206 Exam 4 | Questions &
Answers| Grade A| 100% Correct (Verified
Solutions) (2025/ 2026 Update)
1. How does HIV spread through the body? (Part 2): The CD4+T-
cell has receptors on its surface known as CD4,CCR5, and CXCR4.
HIV particle surface known as gp120 and gp41 recognize these
receptors in the CD4+ T-cell. For virus to enter the cell, both of the
gp120 and gp41 must bind to receptorsæ Gp120 first binds to the
primary CD4 receptor changing shape and allows the gp41 to bind to
one of the co-receptors (either the CCR5 or the CXCR4 receptor).
Genetic material of human cell is double-stranded DNA. HIV is a
retrovirus. Genetic material of HIV is single-stranded RNA. To take
over a human cell. The genetic material must be the same. (HIV solves
this problem by bringing along enzyme Reverse transcriptase
(RT) that converts RNA to DNA)
NUR 206
, 2
NUR 206
2. How does HIV spread through the body? (Part 3): HIV must then
get its DNA into nucleus of the CD4+ T-cell and place it within the
human DNA. HIV enzyme integrase allows the viral DNA to be
inserted into the host DNA. The new virus particle is one long protein
strand. This strand is clipped using chemical scissors called HIV
proteases into several smaller functional pieces. These pieces are
formed into a new finished viral particle. Once the new virus particle
is finished, it fuses with the infected cell's membrane and then bids
off on search of another CD+4 T-cell to infect.
3. What is a health number of Helper T cells (CD4) in a body?: 800
to 1000 per cubic millimeter (mm3) (In HIV the number is reduced)
4. How do you diagnosis someone with HIV III (AIDS)?: Requires
that the adult be HIV positive and have either a less that 200 cells
per cubic millimeter (mm3), or an opportunistic infection. (even if the
patient's T-cell count improves or if the percentage rises above 14%,
or the infection is successfully treated, the AIDS diagnosis remains.)
NUR 206
, 3
NUR 206
5. If you have HIV does that mean you have AIDS? True or False?:
False (Everyone who has AIDS (Stage HIV-III) has HIV infection;
however not everyone who has HIV infection has AIDS.)
6. What is the cure for HIV?: There is no cure as of yet, but is no
longer an immediate death sentence, but if left untreated, can be
fatal. It is now a chronic disease like high blood pressure and
diabetes.
7. What does Fusion Inhibitors do?: "Enfuvirtide" Blocks the fusion
of HIV with the host cell (CD4+) (DO NOT chew or crush) (SE:
burning, numbness, tingling, or painful sensations or weakness in
the arms, hands, legs, or feet. pain or tenderness around the eyes
and cheekbones. Liver toxicity).
8. What does Entry Inhibitors do?: "Maraviroc" (CCR5 antagonist)
Blocks the CCR5 receptor on the CD4 T cell from gp120 (HIV cell)
disrupting the interaction to prevent further progression of the
infection. (SE: muscle or joint pain. pain, burning, numbness, or
tingling in the hands or feet. painful or difficult urination).
NUR 206
, 4
NUR 206
9. What does Nucleoside reverse transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)
and Non-nucleoside reverse transcript Inhibitors do?:
"Doraverine, Efavirenz" Interferes with the virus's ability to convert
RNA into DNA, and inhibits viral replication in cells. (SE: Anemia,
and Liver toxicity)
10. What does Protease Inhibitors do?: "Atazanavir, Darunavir"
They inhibit an enzyme needed for the virus to replicate. (HIV
proteases "chemical scissors") cut the protein strand into several
smaller functional pieces. These pieces are formed into a new
finished viral particle. (This inhibits the cut from happening).
11. What does Integrase Inhibitors do?: "Bictergravir, Dolutegravir"
They inhibit viral replication by stopping the HIV enzyme integrase
from inserting into the host cell DNA. (DO NOT crush or chew)
12. What is the viral load testing?: Viral load testing directly
measures the actual amount of HIV viral RNA particles present in 1
ml of blood and is used to measure therapy effectiveness. positive
viral load can measure from 20-over 1 million. The higher the viral
load the greater the risk of transmission. (In addition to viral load test
NUR 206
NUR 206
NUR 206/ NUR206 Exam 4 | Questions &
Answers| Grade A| 100% Correct (Verified
Solutions) (2025/ 2026 Update)
1. How does HIV spread through the body? (Part 2): The CD4+T-
cell has receptors on its surface known as CD4,CCR5, and CXCR4.
HIV particle surface known as gp120 and gp41 recognize these
receptors in the CD4+ T-cell. For virus to enter the cell, both of the
gp120 and gp41 must bind to receptorsæ Gp120 first binds to the
primary CD4 receptor changing shape and allows the gp41 to bind to
one of the co-receptors (either the CCR5 or the CXCR4 receptor).
Genetic material of human cell is double-stranded DNA. HIV is a
retrovirus. Genetic material of HIV is single-stranded RNA. To take
over a human cell. The genetic material must be the same. (HIV solves
this problem by bringing along enzyme Reverse transcriptase
(RT) that converts RNA to DNA)
NUR 206
, 2
NUR 206
2. How does HIV spread through the body? (Part 3): HIV must then
get its DNA into nucleus of the CD4+ T-cell and place it within the
human DNA. HIV enzyme integrase allows the viral DNA to be
inserted into the host DNA. The new virus particle is one long protein
strand. This strand is clipped using chemical scissors called HIV
proteases into several smaller functional pieces. These pieces are
formed into a new finished viral particle. Once the new virus particle
is finished, it fuses with the infected cell's membrane and then bids
off on search of another CD+4 T-cell to infect.
3. What is a health number of Helper T cells (CD4) in a body?: 800
to 1000 per cubic millimeter (mm3) (In HIV the number is reduced)
4. How do you diagnosis someone with HIV III (AIDS)?: Requires
that the adult be HIV positive and have either a less that 200 cells
per cubic millimeter (mm3), or an opportunistic infection. (even if the
patient's T-cell count improves or if the percentage rises above 14%,
or the infection is successfully treated, the AIDS diagnosis remains.)
NUR 206
, 3
NUR 206
5. If you have HIV does that mean you have AIDS? True or False?:
False (Everyone who has AIDS (Stage HIV-III) has HIV infection;
however not everyone who has HIV infection has AIDS.)
6. What is the cure for HIV?: There is no cure as of yet, but is no
longer an immediate death sentence, but if left untreated, can be
fatal. It is now a chronic disease like high blood pressure and
diabetes.
7. What does Fusion Inhibitors do?: "Enfuvirtide" Blocks the fusion
of HIV with the host cell (CD4+) (DO NOT chew or crush) (SE:
burning, numbness, tingling, or painful sensations or weakness in
the arms, hands, legs, or feet. pain or tenderness around the eyes
and cheekbones. Liver toxicity).
8. What does Entry Inhibitors do?: "Maraviroc" (CCR5 antagonist)
Blocks the CCR5 receptor on the CD4 T cell from gp120 (HIV cell)
disrupting the interaction to prevent further progression of the
infection. (SE: muscle or joint pain. pain, burning, numbness, or
tingling in the hands or feet. painful or difficult urination).
NUR 206
, 4
NUR 206
9. What does Nucleoside reverse transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)
and Non-nucleoside reverse transcript Inhibitors do?:
"Doraverine, Efavirenz" Interferes with the virus's ability to convert
RNA into DNA, and inhibits viral replication in cells. (SE: Anemia,
and Liver toxicity)
10. What does Protease Inhibitors do?: "Atazanavir, Darunavir"
They inhibit an enzyme needed for the virus to replicate. (HIV
proteases "chemical scissors") cut the protein strand into several
smaller functional pieces. These pieces are formed into a new
finished viral particle. (This inhibits the cut from happening).
11. What does Integrase Inhibitors do?: "Bictergravir, Dolutegravir"
They inhibit viral replication by stopping the HIV enzyme integrase
from inserting into the host cell DNA. (DO NOT crush or chew)
12. What is the viral load testing?: Viral load testing directly
measures the actual amount of HIV viral RNA particles present in 1
ml of blood and is used to measure therapy effectiveness. positive
viral load can measure from 20-over 1 million. The higher the viral
load the greater the risk of transmission. (In addition to viral load test
NUR 206
