Understanding Pathophysiology 7th Edition Test Bank
Chapter 1. Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A nurse is discussing the movement of fluid across the arterial end of capillary membranes into the
interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary. Which process of fluid movement is the nursedescribing?
a. Hydrostatic pressure
b. Osmosis
c. Diffusion
d. Active transport
ANS: A
Blood reaching the capillary bed has a hydrostatic pressure of 25 to 30 mm Hg, which is sufficient force
to push water across the thin capillary membranes into the interstitial space.
Osmosis involves the movement of fluid from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration. It does not involve pressure or force. It is related to hydrostatic pressure.
Diffusion is the passive movement of a solute from an area of higher solute concentration to anarea of
lower solute concentration.
Active transport involves movement up a concentration gradient.
2. A patient who has diarrhea receives a hypertonic saline solution intravenously to replace thesodium
and chloride lost in the stool. What effect will this fluid replacement have on cells?
a. Cells will become hydrated.
b. Cells will swell or burst.
, c. Cells will shrink.
d. Cells will divide.
ANS: C
The hypertonic saline will cause fluid to leave the intracellular space and enter the vascularspace,
causing cells to shrink.
Intravenous hypertonic solutions lead to cell dehydration.
Intravenous hypertonic solutions cause fluid to leave cells; thus, they would shrink, not swell.
Intravenous hypertonic solutions do not affect cellular division.
3. A nurse is teaching a patient with diabetes how glucose is transported from the blood to thecell.
What type of transport system should the nurse discuss with the patient?
a. Active-mediated transport (active transport)
b. Active diffusion
c. Passive osmosis
d. Passive-mediated transport (facilitated diffusion)
ANS: D
A well-known passive-mediated transport system is that for glucose in erythrocytes (red bloodcells).
The transport of glucose does not require energy, so active-mediated transport is not correct.The
transport of glucose does not require energy, so active diffusion is not correct.
Osmosis involves the movement of water.
4. How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes?
a. By passive electrolyte channels
, b. By coupled channels
c. By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
d. By diffusion
ANS: C
A carrier mechanism in the plasma membrane mediates the transport of ions and nutrients. Thebest-
known pump is the Na+-K+dependent ATPase pump.
Electrolyte movements require energy and do not move passively.
Enzymes, not electrolytes, are passed via coupled channels.
Electrolytes are not transported by diffusion.
5. Why is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells?
a. Because potassium has a greater concentration in the intracellular fluid (ICF)
b. Because sodium has a greater concentration in the extracellular fluid (ECF)
c. Because the resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium
d. Because there is an excess of anions inside the cell
ANS: C
The resting membrane is more permeable to potassium because potassium is more easily
transported inward.
Potassium is greater in concentration in the ICF, but this is not why it is transported more easily.
Sodium does have a greater concentration, but this is not why potassium moves easily when the
membrane potential is at rest.
It is cations, not anions, that are involved in membrane potential activity.
6. The ion transporter that moves Na+ and Ca2+ simultaneously in the same direction is anexample
of which of the following types of transport?
, a. Biport
b. Uniport
c. Antiport
d. Symport
ANS: D
When ions are transported in one direction, it is termed symport.There
is no such term as biport.
Uniport refers to the movement of a single molecule.
Antiport refers to movement of molecules in the opposite direction.
7. During which process can lysosomal enzymes be released to degrade engulfed particles?
a. Endocytosis
b. Pinocytosis
c. Phagocytosis
d. Exocytosis
ANS: C
Engulfment of particles occurs by phagocytosis.
Endocytosis involves the formation of vesicles to facilitate movement into the cell.
Pinocytosis is a type of endocytosis in which fluids and solute molecules are ingested through
formation of small vesicles.
Exocytosis occurs when coated pits invaginate and internalize ligand-receptor complexes incoated
vesicles.
8. A nurse is teaching the staff about cholesterol. Which information should be taught? Thecellular
uptake of cholesterol depends on:
Chapter 1. Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A nurse is discussing the movement of fluid across the arterial end of capillary membranes into the
interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary. Which process of fluid movement is the nursedescribing?
a. Hydrostatic pressure
b. Osmosis
c. Diffusion
d. Active transport
ANS: A
Blood reaching the capillary bed has a hydrostatic pressure of 25 to 30 mm Hg, which is sufficient force
to push water across the thin capillary membranes into the interstitial space.
Osmosis involves the movement of fluid from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration. It does not involve pressure or force. It is related to hydrostatic pressure.
Diffusion is the passive movement of a solute from an area of higher solute concentration to anarea of
lower solute concentration.
Active transport involves movement up a concentration gradient.
2. A patient who has diarrhea receives a hypertonic saline solution intravenously to replace thesodium
and chloride lost in the stool. What effect will this fluid replacement have on cells?
a. Cells will become hydrated.
b. Cells will swell or burst.
, c. Cells will shrink.
d. Cells will divide.
ANS: C
The hypertonic saline will cause fluid to leave the intracellular space and enter the vascularspace,
causing cells to shrink.
Intravenous hypertonic solutions lead to cell dehydration.
Intravenous hypertonic solutions cause fluid to leave cells; thus, they would shrink, not swell.
Intravenous hypertonic solutions do not affect cellular division.
3. A nurse is teaching a patient with diabetes how glucose is transported from the blood to thecell.
What type of transport system should the nurse discuss with the patient?
a. Active-mediated transport (active transport)
b. Active diffusion
c. Passive osmosis
d. Passive-mediated transport (facilitated diffusion)
ANS: D
A well-known passive-mediated transport system is that for glucose in erythrocytes (red bloodcells).
The transport of glucose does not require energy, so active-mediated transport is not correct.The
transport of glucose does not require energy, so active diffusion is not correct.
Osmosis involves the movement of water.
4. How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes?
a. By passive electrolyte channels
, b. By coupled channels
c. By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
d. By diffusion
ANS: C
A carrier mechanism in the plasma membrane mediates the transport of ions and nutrients. Thebest-
known pump is the Na+-K+dependent ATPase pump.
Electrolyte movements require energy and do not move passively.
Enzymes, not electrolytes, are passed via coupled channels.
Electrolytes are not transported by diffusion.
5. Why is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells?
a. Because potassium has a greater concentration in the intracellular fluid (ICF)
b. Because sodium has a greater concentration in the extracellular fluid (ECF)
c. Because the resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium
d. Because there is an excess of anions inside the cell
ANS: C
The resting membrane is more permeable to potassium because potassium is more easily
transported inward.
Potassium is greater in concentration in the ICF, but this is not why it is transported more easily.
Sodium does have a greater concentration, but this is not why potassium moves easily when the
membrane potential is at rest.
It is cations, not anions, that are involved in membrane potential activity.
6. The ion transporter that moves Na+ and Ca2+ simultaneously in the same direction is anexample
of which of the following types of transport?
, a. Biport
b. Uniport
c. Antiport
d. Symport
ANS: D
When ions are transported in one direction, it is termed symport.There
is no such term as biport.
Uniport refers to the movement of a single molecule.
Antiport refers to movement of molecules in the opposite direction.
7. During which process can lysosomal enzymes be released to degrade engulfed particles?
a. Endocytosis
b. Pinocytosis
c. Phagocytosis
d. Exocytosis
ANS: C
Engulfment of particles occurs by phagocytosis.
Endocytosis involves the formation of vesicles to facilitate movement into the cell.
Pinocytosis is a type of endocytosis in which fluids and solute molecules are ingested through
formation of small vesicles.
Exocytosis occurs when coated pits invaginate and internalize ligand-receptor complexes incoated
vesicles.
8. A nurse is teaching the staff about cholesterol. Which information should be taught? Thecellular
uptake of cholesterol depends on:
