APEA Predictor Exam (Latest Update) Questions and Answers (100 out of 100)

APEA Predictor Exam (Latest Update) Questions and Answers (100 out of 100) Question: What is the biggest side effect of colchicine? Answer:. diarrhea Question: How would you describe the appearance of molluscum contagiosum? Answer:. papules that are umbilicated and contain a caseous plug Question: How do we treat a broken clavicle in an infant? Answer:. no treatment; it should heal on it's own Question: At what week of pregnancy is the uterus palpable just above the pubic symphysis? Answer:. week 12 Question: At what week of pregnancy is the fundus palpable halfway between the pubic symphysis and umbilicus? Answer:. week 16 Question: At what week of pregnancy is the fundus of the uterus at the umbilicus? Answer:. week 20 Question: At what week of pregnancy is the fundus of the uterus halfway between the xiphoid process and umbilicus? Answer:. week 28 Question: At what week of pregnancy is the fundus just below the xiphoid process? Answer:. week 34 Question: Increased sweat production is a sign of what endocrine disorder? Answer:. hyperthyroidism Question: What is Paget's disease? Answer:. there is localized increased bone turnover and blood flow resulting in the breakdown of bone and replacing it with weakened and highly vascular bone putting the indiv at increased risk of fractures Question: How do we treat Paget's diseease? Answer:. bisphosphonates Question: How should pregnant women wear their seatbelt? Answer:. with the shoulder strap like a normal person and then the groin strap below the belly and across the hips Question: What is another name for fifth disease? Answer:. parvovirus aka slapped cheek disease aka erythema infectiosum Question: Which type of prevention are vaccinations? Answer:. primary Question: When should patients begin antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection? Answer:. as soon as it is detected, even if in the acute phase Question: What are the first generation antihistamines? Answer:. diphenhydramine (benadryl) and chlorpeniramine (actifed) Question: What are s/s of the secondary stage of syphilis? Answer:. rash on hands and feet, lymphadenopathy, fever Question: What is the recommended treatment for chronic bacterial prostatitis? Answer:. a fluoroquinolone (cipro or levo) + bactrim Question: What is the recommended treatment for acute prostatitis? Answer:. cipro (if not STI related) or ceftriaxone Question: What are s/s of an intraductal breast papilloma? Answer:. clear to bloody unilateral nipple discharge (bilateral is usually benign), and also a wart like lump palpated in the nipple area Question: If a patient has GABHS but has an allergy to penicillins, what is the second line option? Answer:. first generation cephalosporins, unless the allergy is severe, then you would consider macrolides like a mycin Question: PDE5 inhibitors (sildenafil, tadalafil) are contraindicated in which patient populations? in Answer:. those who are on any type of nitrate or triptan because it could result in hypotension Question: What class of drug is sildenafil (viagra)? Answer:. a PDE5 inhibitor which can cause hypotension so you should do a full cardiac assessment before starting a patient on this and maybe do an EKG Question: What are the symptoms of peripheral artery disease? think P meaning pain, A meaning absent or weak pulses, eschar or shiny legs, intermittent claudication Question: What is first line treatment for PAD? Answer:. walking and physical activity to improve circulation. second line is an aspirin or anti-platelet Question: What should we tell our patients with PAD NOT to do? Answer:. do not elevate the feet; keep them down Question: How do we diagnose PAD? Answer:. an ABI < 7; doppler can also be used to diagnose as well but is the second choice Question: What are s/s of peripheral vascular disease? Answer:. think V meaning volume overload aka edema, may ache or be uncomfortable but is not painful, bounding pulses, ruddy discoloration Question: If a patient is on Coumadin but then they may need to go on an antibiotic for an infection and Bactrim is the drug of choice, what should you do? Answer:. Bactrim increases INR so we would want to decrease the coumadin dose while the patient is on this Question: If a patient is on Coumadin but then they may need to go on Rifampin, what should you do? Answer:. Rifampin decreases INR so we'd want to increase the coumadin dose Question: If a patient on coumadin's INR is 3.1-4 ,what should you do? Answer:. decrease the weekly dose by 5-10% Question: If a patient on coumadin's INR is 4.1-5.0, what should you do? Answer:. hold one dose then decrease the weekly dose by 10% Question: If a patient's INR is greater than 5, what should you do? Answer:. consult cards, likely would hold two doses then decrease the weekly dose Question: An anorexic patient will have a BMI of what? Answer:. less than 18 Question: What is primary amenorrhea? Answer:. when the patient has never gotten their period before (there is an absence of menarche) but they have all of their secondary sex characteristics Question: Secondary amenorrhea is a lack of menses after _________ of not having a period; but you have had one before Answer:. 3 months Question: What do we need to do first when a patient comes in with secondary amenorrhea? Answer:. rule out pregnancy Question: Anorexia can put you at risk for what? Answer:. osteoporosis, amenorrhea, cardiac damage Question: Amenorrhea is considered a risk factor for what? Answer:. osteoporosis Question: What is the best indication of an anorexic patient doing better? They tell you they are eating more, they have weight gain, or they get their period back? Answer:. they get their period back Question: If a pregnant woman has syphilis, what should we do? Answer:. treat it with penicillin while she is pregnant because there is risk for spontaneous abortion Question: What is the causative organism of mastitis? Answer:. staph Question: What is the first line treatment for mastitis? Answer:. keflex (a cephalosporin). If that doesn't work, then try another antibiotic. If that STILL doesn't work, then refer for an ultrasound Question: What is one of the biggest risk factors for cervical cancer? Answer:. numerous sexual partners Question: Preeclampsia most commonly shows up at what time in pregnancy? Answer:. around week 20 Question: How do we treat UTIs in a pregnant woman? Answer:. can either do penicillin, cephalosporin, or a macrolide (can NOT do doxy or a fluoroquinolone) Question: When do fibrocystic breasts tend to flare up and cause tenderness and lumps? Answer:. about 10 days before menses Question: What can be a sequelae of an ectopic pregnancy? Answer:. pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility due to scarring of the fallopian tube (salpingitis) Question: What is the Coomb's test and when is this completed? Answer:. test given 8 weeks in to pregnancy to determine a woman's RH compatibility Question: If a patient's Coomb's test is positive, what do we do? nothing, she is RH positive so we do not need to treat Question: If a patient's Coomb's test is negative, what do we do? give rhogam at 28 weeks and 72 hours after birth Question: What is the only form of non-hormonal contraception other than barrier methods such as condoms? IUD Question: The vaginal ring for contraception must be taken out how often? Answer:. every 3 weeks Question: If a patient is on birth control and is currently having breakthrough bleeding, then what do we do? Answer:. increase the progesterone Question: How do we treat temporal arteritis? Answer:. steroids Question: If a patient is on birth control and they miss one pill, what should they do? Answer:. double up Question: If a patient is on birth control and they miss two pills, what should they do? Answer:. double up for 2 days Question: If any woman comes in with painless vaginal bleeding between periods (esp if she is postmenopausal), what should you do? Answer:. do a pregnancy test and then refer for endometrial biopsy to rule out endometrial cancer Question: In terms of the breasts, _____________ is used for screening and _____________ is used for diagnosis. Answer:. mammogram; ultrasound Question: When do we screen for group B strep in pregnancy? Answer:. weeks 35-37 Question: When do we perform alpha fetoprotein screening in pregnancy? Answer:. 15-20 weeks Question: Alpha fetoprotein screening in pregnancy can help determine the presence of what in pregnancy? spina bifida and anencephaly Question: What is placenta previa? Answer:. when the placenta blocks the cervical opening of the uterus Question: What is placenta abruptio? Answer:. when the placenta either fully or partially detaches from the uterine wall Question: When does placental abruption most commonly occur? Answer:. in the third trimester Question: What is the major difference in symptomalogy between placenta abruptio and placenta previa? Answer:. a placental abruption is painful whereas placenta previa is painless Question: If a pregnant woman comes in with painless vaginal bleeding, what should we be considering? Answer:. placenta previa Question: What is the recommended treatment for polymyalgia rheumatica? Answer:. steroids Question: Patients with SLE are going to have what abnormal labwork? Answer:. elevated ESR and CRP Question: How do we treat lupus flares? Answer:. steroids Question: What are common sequelae of fibromyalgia? Answer:. insomnia and depression Question: What is a great treatment option for fibromyalgia? Answer:. amitriptyline (a TCA) because it helps with chronic pain, sleep, and depression Question: How is fibromyalgia diagnosed? Answer:. when at least 8 out of 11 points bilaterally are tender to touch and the symptoms have lasted longer than 3 months Question: What is slipped capital femoral epiphysis? Answer:. when the femoral head of the hip is out of place Question: What is the trendelenburg sign and when is it positive? Answer:. when the patient is standing straight and the pelvis on the unaffected side drops; this is a sign of a slipped capital femoral epiphysis Question: What is the main characteristic of a slipped capital femoral epiphysis? Answer:. walking with a limp Question: SCFE is most common in which patient population? Answer:. adolescents Question: What is legg-calve-perthe disease? Answer:. avascular necrosis of the femoral head due to a lack of blood supply Question: Legg-calve-perthes disease is most common in which patient population? Answer:. young children Question: What is the radiographic study of choice for the knee? Answer:. MRI Question: What is the radiographic study of choice for the back? Answer:. x ray Question: What is bursitis? Answer:. a fluid collection in the bursa of a joint Question: How is bursitis treated? Answer:. a needle to instill intraarticular steroids and then pull off fluid Question: Bursitis can be a __________ issue recurrent Question: The medical term for knock knees genu valgum Question: The medical term for bow legs genu varum Question: What is myasthenia gravis? Answer:. an autoimmune disorder that causes muscle weakness of the voluntary muscles Question: Genu valgum is caused by a problem with what? Answer:. the medial collateral ligament; think valgum as in gum makes your knees stick together Question: Genu varum is caused by a problem with what? Answer:. the lateral collateral ligament Question: What are shin splints? Answer:. a medial tibial syndrome caused by overuse of the muscles Question: How do we treat shin splints? Answer:. rest and avoidance of exercise until the pain resolves Question: What is the tell-tale difference between a herniated disc and sciatica? Answer:. sciatica feels better when you stand, a herniated disc feels better when you sit down Question: When will spinal or lumbar stenosis feel better? Answer:. when the patient sits down Question: What is Korsakoff syndrome? Answer:. a deficiency in thiamine and folate caused by alcoholism Question: What changes to the vagina occur with aging? Answer:. dryness, loss of rugae, less pubic hair Question: What is a navicular fracture? Answer:. also known as a scaphoid fracture; this impacts the snuff box and causes tenderness there. This will have to be casted to stabilize the fracture Question: Heberden and bouchard's nodes are indicative of what disease process? What about swan neck deformities? Answer:. osteoarthritis; rheumatoid arthritis Question: What is Morton's neuroma? Answer:. a mass between the 3rd and 4th toes that feels like a pebble; most common in women who wear high heels or tight shoes Question: How is Morton's neuroma diagnosed? Answer:. via a positive Muddler's or squeeze test causing pain Question: What is the hook test? Answer:. used to assess for a bicep tendon issue Question: How do we treat any rotator cuff injuries? Answer:. wear a sling to stabilize the arm and refer to ortho Question: How long do migraine headaches last? Answer:. 4-72 hours Question: How can we abort cluster headaches? Answer:. calcium or 100% oxygen application Question: Which type of headaches come with lacrimation and sinus symptoms? Answer:. cluster headaches Question: What does the apprehension test assess for? Answer:. used to assess for stability of the shoulder or knee; assesses for stability Question: How does the parathyroid gland regulate calcium? Answer:. when parathyroid hormone is released, it pulls calcium out of the blood and into the circulation in response to hypocalcemia. it also increases absorption of calcium from the intestine Question: What is the first line treatment for trigeminal neuralgia? Answer:. carbamazepine (tegretol) or amitriptyline. also want to do gabapentin or something for nerve pain Question: What is the recommended treatment for Bell's palsy? Answer:. steroids and anti-virals Question: How is the pain of trigeminal neuralgia vs temporal arteritis different? Answer:. in trigeminal neuralgia, the pain is like a shock hitting the side of your face whereas temporal arteritis is more like a headache Question: What are the preventative treatment options for migraines? beta blockers, amitriptyline, venlafaxine, topamax, valproate What is Addison's disease? Answer:. adrenal insufficiency; the patient will be low in cortisol and sodium but their potassium will be high Question: What are s/s of Addison's disease? bronze Answer:. or discolored skin, salt cravings a rare complication of pregnancy characterized by the abnormal growth of trophoblasts, the cells that normally develop into the placenta molar pregnancy Question: What bacteria is the leading cause of urethritis? Answer:. neisseria gonorrhea Question: What is the most common cause of hypercortisolism? Answer:. excessive ACTH production Question: How do we treat developmental hip dysplasia in a child under 6 months? Answer:. Pavlik harness; if older than 6 months may need surgery Question: It is recommended that all children younger than __________ with sickle cell anemia take daily prophylactic antibiotics. What antibiotic is this? Answer:. 5 years old; penicillin Question: When can cervical cancer screening stop if no abnormal screening history is present? Answer:. age 65 Question: When should breast cancer screening begin and end with a biannual mammogram? Answer:. age 50-74 Question: When should colorectal cancer screening stop? Answer:. age 85 Question: Who qualifies for a low dose CT scan for lung cancer screening purposes? Answer:. age 50-80 years anyone who currently smokes or has stopped smoking within the last 5 years Question: What does an ASC-US (atypical squamos cells of undetermined significance) pap smear result necessitate? Answer:. Do HPV testing with this. If positive, repeat in one year if age 21-24 or send for colposcopy if older than 25. If negative, repeat pap in 3 years. Question: Which pap smear result is considered to be HPV positive? Answer:. LSIL Question: If a patient has LSIL with a negative HPV test, what would you do? Answer:. repeat in 1 year Question: If a patient has LSIL with no HPV test or a positive HPV test, what should you do? Answer:. refer for colposcopy Question: If a patient's pap results show NILM, what should you do? Answer:. repeat in 3 years Question: If a patient's pap results show ASC-H or HSIL what should you do? Answer:. refer for colposcopy Question: The valgus stress test assesses what? Answer:. the medial collateral ligament Question: Question: The varus stress test assesses what? Answer:. the lateral collateral ligament Question: The Lachman's test assesses what? Answer:. the ACL Question: The McMurray's test assesses for what? Answer:. a torn meniscus Question: The anterior drawer test assesses what? Answer:. the acl Question: The posterior drawer test assesses what? Answer:. the posterior cruciate ligament (pcl) a normal rise in blood sugar as a person's body prepares to wake up due to a release of cortisol and growth hormone dawn phenomenon Question: How can you tell between the dawn and somogyi effect? Answer:. If the blood sugar level is low at 2 a.m. to 3 a.m., suspect the Somogyi effect. If the blood sugar level is normal or high at 2 a.m. to 3 a.m., it's likely the dawn phenomenon.