Prosthetics Final Exam 2025

Basic Components of Transtibial Prosthetic - Correct Ans-Transtibial Prosthesis: foot-ankle assembly, shank or pylon, socket, and suspention Foot-Ankle Assembly Provides - Correct Ans-Provide base of support Provide shock absorption As weight is transferred to stance limb the foot becomes flat on the floor Simulation of Metatarsophalangeal joint hyperextention during late stance **All foot motions occur passively, in response to load applied Medicare Function Index - Correct Ans-K0: no ambulation or transfers K1: potential household ambulator or transfers K2: potential limited community ambulator K3: Community ambulator using variable cadence including therapeutic exercise or vocation K4: high activity user who exceeds normal ambluation skills Foot Component Assignment from Medicare Levels - Correct Ans-K0: None K1: SACH, Single Axis K2: Flexible keel, multi axial K3: Energy storing feet K4: All feet Articulated Foot/ankle assembly Motion - Correct Ans-Provides motion at level of anatomical ankle in one or more planes Amount of motion varies depending on design and axis of motion Non-articulated Cushion Heel Foot/Ankle assembly - Correct Ans-Permit motion to lower the foot to floor from heel with a foam cushion Many cushioned heels actually promote neutral or dorsiflexion moment as opposed to plantarflexion Not all feet offer same amount of motion Non-articulated Dynamic Heel Foot/Ankle Assembly - Correct Ans-Dymanic flexible material most commonly carbon fiber composite Ability to assist with transfer of center of pressure single axis foot motion - Correct Ans-If a dorsiflexion bumper is present 5-7 degrees dorsiflexion is possible Plantarflexion reaches typically 15 degrees Rubber bumpers or spring systems permits and limits motion No mediolateral movements are permitted Multiple axis foot (Greissinger Foot) - Correct Ans-Lateral and rotary movements which absorb impact of uneven terrain Original foot made of light wood with flexible, shock absorbent sole, and toe keel made of Pedilan, permanently elatic material Plantarflexion may be adjusted Endoskeletal design uses pyramid adaptor and pylon attachment to decrease weight Multiflex Foot - Correct Ans-Ball and snubber design works like universal joint allowing greater range of motion including inversion, eversion, some rotation and plantar and dorsi flexion Lighter May be used with other presthetic feet with no ankle motion Tru-Step Foot - Correct Ans-Designed to mimic anatomical foot and ankle Eight motions possible including supination and pronation Three bumpers within system can be easily changed to privde correct resistance for smooth gait Elation Foot - Correct Ans-Single axis ankle combined with dynamic carbon fiber keel Progressive stiffness of foot's lightweight keel adjusts to load applied Greater load, more food blade compresses against "rocker plate" relatively shortening foot lever arm, making stiffness appropriate to individual Major advantage: adjust heel up to 2" (increase shoe selection) Cosmetically appealing - can fit in many types of shoes SACH Foot - Correct Ans-At heel strike, heel wedge compresses to theoretically simulate plantarflexion and provide shock absorption However, some evidence suggests that a dorsiflexion moment actually occurs with cushion heel foot designs Stationary Attachment Flexible Endoskeletal (SAFE) Foot - Correct Ans-Rigid polyurethane elastomer section at 45 degree angle in safittal plant to stimulate human subtalar joint K2 Sensation - Correct Ans-Provides multiaxial range of motion cushioning each step while helping maintain control over barriers such as ramps or small obstacles like curbs Seattle Foot - Correct Ans-First of dynamic Response feet Heel has storing energy and provides spring/push off Seattle Lite Foot - Correct Ans-1/3 lighter than original b/c decreased bolt block Permits use by Symes amputee and adaptation to other ankle units More pop. than original Carbon Copy II - Correct Ans-Solid ankle design available with tree durometer of heel cushion polyurethane foam plugs Double carbon-fiber compsite keel provides two-stage resistance at terminal stance flex foot modular III - Correct Ans-Lightweight graphite composite foot prescribed specific to inidivudual amputees using eight, acitivty level, residual limb characteristics determined by orientation and thickness of reinforcement fibers Ultra lightweight with two leaf springs Uses entire distance from socket, not just length of keel Flex Foot - Correct Ans-90% energy storage and return walk faster Increased dorsiflexion greater stability during late stance reduced forces of sound limb during early stance Proportional response - Correct Ans-As heel is loaded, its unique design and nature of carbon fiber allow heel to store energy and absorb shock loads. Combined design of heel and forefoot creates timely and controlled plantarflexion during early stance phase = stability Full length Keel - Correct Ans-Provides essential stability at mid-stance and prevents drop off in late stance phase Full keel supports user througout stance phase and prevents uneven stride length or excessive loading at heel contact of contralateral foot Split toe - Correct Ans-Adds invertion and eversion Enables foot to function uniformly with toe deflection on uneven terrain Available on all flex feet Vari-flex - Correct Ans-Light weight Second highest energy return Slender design = females prefer Versatility of system facilitates adjustments to system as pediatric amputee grows Talux - Correct Ans-Polyurethane rubber keels permits improve adaptation to terrain with smoother transition of body weight over carbon fiber dynamic response footplate Dynamic heel strap assists with heel off and transition of weight over foot Springlight foot - Correct Ans-Long lead spring desing runs length of foot to distal end of socket Two layers of carbon and fiberflass filaments in epoxy resin matrix surround single layer of elastromeic rubber Luxon - Correct Ans-Split foot floate combined with elastomer cushioned keel permits shock absorption and smoother transition over foot Shock Absorbers - Correct Ans-Amputees find that shock absorbers offer greater comfort during ADL Re-Flex Vertical Shock Pylon - Correct Ans-First prosthetic to successfully intergrate shock absorption system Uses carbon fiber compression spring and telescoping tubes that provide up to an inch of vertical compression Stores and releases energy in pure vertical mode as well as horizontal mode Pathfinder Foot - Correct Ans-J-shaped spring is separated form composite footplate a pneumatic heel spring for shock absoprtion and to assist in transition of body weight over foot Air pump permits adjustment in heel resistance and sock attenuation Ceterus - Correct Ans-Progessive resistance provides natural flexibility without stopping abruptly User can fully control shock pylon Stability of Knee - Correct Ans-Residual limb exerts backward force within socket Knee axis aligned posterior to weight line Stance, braking, or locking mechanism Swing Control - Correct Ans-Movement of residual limb and pelvis Momentum Gravity Knee Component Medicare Assignment - Correct Ans-K0: none K1: Manual lock, weight activated, constant friction K2: same and K1