lOMoARcPSD|3013804
Laboratory Animal Science (core module)
Laboratoria EM 3 (Universiteit Antwerpen)
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LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCES
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION: HISTORY AND ETHICS ......................................................................................................... 6
1. HISTORY TIMELINE .................................................................................................................................................... 6
2. CRUELTY AGAINST ANIMALS ACT (1867) .................................................................................................................. 7
3. NATIONAL ANTI-VIVISECTION SOCIETY (+- 1910) ..................................................................................................... 7
4. 3 R’S CONCEPT (1959) ............................................................................................................................................... 7
4. TOM REGAN: THE CASE FOR ANIMAL RIGHTS (1983) ............................................................................................... 7
5. THE PROCESS OF ALLOWING LAB-ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS ....................................................................................... 8
CHAPTER 2: LEGISLATION I ................................................................................................................................................ 9
1. WHAT DO WE CONSIDER A LABORATORY ANIMAL? ................................................................................................. 9
2. ORIGIN - WHERE SHOULD THE ANIMALS COME FROM? .......................................................................................... 9
A. Purpose (scien琀椀昀椀c use) – bred animals required for: ........................................................................................... 9
B. The use of non-human primates (NHP) .............................................................................................................. 10
C. Species that are not included in the annex of purpose-bred animals ................................................................ 10
D. Animals taken from the wild: .............................................................................................................................. 10
3. THE IDENTIFICATION OF ANIMALS .......................................................................................................................... 11
4. PURPOSES................................................................................................................................................................ 11
5. PROHIBITIONS ......................................................................................................................................................... 11
6. FURTHER RESTRICTIONS ......................................................................................................................................... 11
7. ETHICAL COMMITTEE .............................................................................................................................................. 12
8. ANIMAL WELFARE UNIT/BODY ................................................................................................................................ 12
9. USER, SUPPLIER, BREEDER ...................................................................................................................................... 12
10. ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ............................................................................................................................................ 13
11. PERSONNEL AND THEIR RESPONABILITIES............................................................................................................ 13
12. AT THE END OF THE EXPERIMENT ......................................................................................................................... 14
A. Alive or killed ...................................................................................................................................................... 14
B. Reused................................................................................................................................................................. 14
C. Adop琀椀on or Reintegra琀椀on .................................................................................................................................. 14
CHAPTER 3: LEGISLATION II ............................................................................................................................................. 15
1. DEFINITION ANIMAL WELFARE ............................................................................................................................... 15
2. CONCEPT OF 5 F’S ................................................................................................................................................... 15
3. LEARNING PROCESSES ............................................................................................................................................. 15
A. Habitua琀椀on ......................................................................................................................................................... 15
B. Sensi琀椀za琀椀on ........................................................................................................................................................ 16
4. APPLYING THE 5 FREEDOMS ................................................................................................................................... 16
A. Hunger - Thirst .................................................................................................................................................... 16
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LAS
B. Discomfort........................................................................................................................................................... 16
C. Pain, Injury, Disease ............................................................................................................................................ 16
D. Express behaviour ............................................................................................................................................... 17
E. Fear – Distress ..................................................................................................................................................... 17
5. STRESS-RELATED CHANGES ..................................................................................................................................... 17
A. Behaviours altera琀椀ons ........................................................................................................................................ 18
B. Relevance of stress-related behaviour ................................................................................................................ 18
6. PAIN AND WELFARE ASSESSMENT .......................................................................................................................... 18
A. Comparison with human situa琀椀on ..................................................................................................................... 18
B. Health issues and su昀昀ering ................................................................................................................................. 19
C. Behavioural issues and su昀昀ering ......................................................................................................................... 19
7. MEASURES OF ANIMAL WELFARE IN EXPERIMENTS ............................................................................................... 19
CHAPTER 4: LEGISLATION III ............................................................................................................................................ 20
1. ETHICS COMMITTEE ................................................................................................................................................ 20
A. Tasks of an Ethics Commi琀琀ee ............................................................................................................................. 20
2. ANIMAL WELFARE BODY ......................................................................................................................................... 21
A. Culture of care .................................................................................................................................................... 21
3. NATIONAL COMMITTEE........................................................................................................................................... 22
CHAPTER 5: LAB ANIMAL NUMBERS AND SPECIES ......................................................................................................... 23
1. ANIMAL NUMBERS .................................................................................................................................................. 23
2. MOST USED SPECIES................................................................................................................................................ 23
A. Mouse ................................................................................................................................................................. 23
B. Rat ....................................................................................................................................................................... 24
C. Guinea-pig ........................................................................................................................................................... 25
D. Rabbit .................................................................................................................................................................. 26
E. Gerbil ................................................................................................................................................................... 26
F. Hamster ............................................................................................................................................................... 27
G. Fish ...................................................................................................................................................................... 28
3. BREEDING PROTOCOLS (MICE) ................................................................................................................................ 28
A. Monogamous ...................................................................................................................................................... 28
B. Harmen ............................................................................................................................................................... 28
C. Timed ma琀椀ng ...................................................................................................................................................... 28
4. GENERAL OBLIGATIONS IN REGARD TO THE BREEDING PROTOCOL ....................................................................... 28
CHAPTER 6: ANIMAL HUSBANDRY .................................................................................................................................. 29
1. HUSBANDRY ............................................................................................................................................................ 29
A. Conven琀椀onal building ......................................................................................................................................... 29
B. Barrier building ................................................................................................................................................... 29
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C. Containment building.......................................................................................................................................... 29
2. CLEANING AND WASTE ........................................................................................................................................... 30
3. ENVIROMENTAL PARAMETERS ................................................................................................................................ 30
4. NUTRITION .............................................................................................................................................................. 31
A. Types of ingredients ............................................................................................................................................ 31
B. Frequency / Feeding regimen ............................................................................................................................. 32
5. SAFETY INC HEALTH MONITORING.......................................................................................................................... 32
A. Health monitoring ............................................................................................................................................... 32
B. Risks .................................................................................................................................................................... 33
CHAPTER 7: MINIMALLY INVASIVE PROCEDURES ........................................................................................................... 34
1. IDENTIFICATION AND MARKING OF ANIMALS ........................................................................................................ 34
2. ADMINISTRATION OF SUBSTANCES: RODENTS ....................................................................................................... 35
3. COLLECTION OF BODY FLUIDS (RODENTS) .............................................................................................................. 37
A. Blood ................................................................................................................................................................... 37
B. Urine.................................................................................................................................................................... 37
CHAPTER 8: SURGICAL TECHNIQUES - ASEPSIS ............................................................................................................... 38
1. HALTSTED’S PRINCIPLES .......................................................................................................................................... 38
2. ASEPSIS .................................................................................................................................................................... 38
3. SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS ........................................................................................................................................ 39
A. Scapel .................................................................................................................................................................. 39
B. Scissors ................................................................................................................................................................ 39
C. Needle holder ..................................................................................................................................................... 39
D. Surgical Forceps (Tweezer).................................................................................................................................. 39
CHAPTER 9: PERI-OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT & CARE ................................................................................................... 40
1. HEALTH CHECK ........................................................................................................................................................ 40
A. Animal Species – Strain – Genotype ................................................................................................................... 40
B. Date of arrival...................................................................................................................................................... 40
C. Clinical examina琀椀on ............................................................................................................................................ 40
D. Health status ....................................................................................................................................................... 40
E. Protocol ............................................................................................................................................................... 40
2. NO ANAESTHESIA .................................................................................................................................................... 40
3. ANAESTHESIA .......................................................................................................................................................... 41
4. POST-OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................................................... 41
CHAPTER 10: SUTURING TECHNIQUES AND WOUND HEALING ..................................................................................... 42
1. WOUND HEALING ................................................................................................................................................... 42
A. Haemostasis ........................................................................................................................................................ 42
B. In昀氀amma琀椀on (± 5 days) ..................................................................................................................................... 42
3
Downloaded by Muqtada Jafar ()
Laboratory Animal Science (core module)
Laboratoria EM 3 (Universiteit Antwerpen)
Scan to open on Studocu
Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university
Downloaded by Muqtada Jafar ()
, lOMoARcPSD|3013804
LAS
LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCES
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION: HISTORY AND ETHICS ......................................................................................................... 6
1. HISTORY TIMELINE .................................................................................................................................................... 6
2. CRUELTY AGAINST ANIMALS ACT (1867) .................................................................................................................. 7
3. NATIONAL ANTI-VIVISECTION SOCIETY (+- 1910) ..................................................................................................... 7
4. 3 R’S CONCEPT (1959) ............................................................................................................................................... 7
4. TOM REGAN: THE CASE FOR ANIMAL RIGHTS (1983) ............................................................................................... 7
5. THE PROCESS OF ALLOWING LAB-ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS ....................................................................................... 8
CHAPTER 2: LEGISLATION I ................................................................................................................................................ 9
1. WHAT DO WE CONSIDER A LABORATORY ANIMAL? ................................................................................................. 9
2. ORIGIN - WHERE SHOULD THE ANIMALS COME FROM? .......................................................................................... 9
A. Purpose (scien琀椀昀椀c use) – bred animals required for: ........................................................................................... 9
B. The use of non-human primates (NHP) .............................................................................................................. 10
C. Species that are not included in the annex of purpose-bred animals ................................................................ 10
D. Animals taken from the wild: .............................................................................................................................. 10
3. THE IDENTIFICATION OF ANIMALS .......................................................................................................................... 11
4. PURPOSES................................................................................................................................................................ 11
5. PROHIBITIONS ......................................................................................................................................................... 11
6. FURTHER RESTRICTIONS ......................................................................................................................................... 11
7. ETHICAL COMMITTEE .............................................................................................................................................. 12
8. ANIMAL WELFARE UNIT/BODY ................................................................................................................................ 12
9. USER, SUPPLIER, BREEDER ...................................................................................................................................... 12
10. ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ............................................................................................................................................ 13
11. PERSONNEL AND THEIR RESPONABILITIES............................................................................................................ 13
12. AT THE END OF THE EXPERIMENT ......................................................................................................................... 14
A. Alive or killed ...................................................................................................................................................... 14
B. Reused................................................................................................................................................................. 14
C. Adop琀椀on or Reintegra琀椀on .................................................................................................................................. 14
CHAPTER 3: LEGISLATION II ............................................................................................................................................. 15
1. DEFINITION ANIMAL WELFARE ............................................................................................................................... 15
2. CONCEPT OF 5 F’S ................................................................................................................................................... 15
3. LEARNING PROCESSES ............................................................................................................................................. 15
A. Habitua琀椀on ......................................................................................................................................................... 15
B. Sensi琀椀za琀椀on ........................................................................................................................................................ 16
4. APPLYING THE 5 FREEDOMS ................................................................................................................................... 16
A. Hunger - Thirst .................................................................................................................................................... 16
1
Downloaded by Muqtada Jafar ()
, lOMoARcPSD|3013804
LAS
B. Discomfort........................................................................................................................................................... 16
C. Pain, Injury, Disease ............................................................................................................................................ 16
D. Express behaviour ............................................................................................................................................... 17
E. Fear – Distress ..................................................................................................................................................... 17
5. STRESS-RELATED CHANGES ..................................................................................................................................... 17
A. Behaviours altera琀椀ons ........................................................................................................................................ 18
B. Relevance of stress-related behaviour ................................................................................................................ 18
6. PAIN AND WELFARE ASSESSMENT .......................................................................................................................... 18
A. Comparison with human situa琀椀on ..................................................................................................................... 18
B. Health issues and su昀昀ering ................................................................................................................................. 19
C. Behavioural issues and su昀昀ering ......................................................................................................................... 19
7. MEASURES OF ANIMAL WELFARE IN EXPERIMENTS ............................................................................................... 19
CHAPTER 4: LEGISLATION III ............................................................................................................................................ 20
1. ETHICS COMMITTEE ................................................................................................................................................ 20
A. Tasks of an Ethics Commi琀琀ee ............................................................................................................................. 20
2. ANIMAL WELFARE BODY ......................................................................................................................................... 21
A. Culture of care .................................................................................................................................................... 21
3. NATIONAL COMMITTEE........................................................................................................................................... 22
CHAPTER 5: LAB ANIMAL NUMBERS AND SPECIES ......................................................................................................... 23
1. ANIMAL NUMBERS .................................................................................................................................................. 23
2. MOST USED SPECIES................................................................................................................................................ 23
A. Mouse ................................................................................................................................................................. 23
B. Rat ....................................................................................................................................................................... 24
C. Guinea-pig ........................................................................................................................................................... 25
D. Rabbit .................................................................................................................................................................. 26
E. Gerbil ................................................................................................................................................................... 26
F. Hamster ............................................................................................................................................................... 27
G. Fish ...................................................................................................................................................................... 28
3. BREEDING PROTOCOLS (MICE) ................................................................................................................................ 28
A. Monogamous ...................................................................................................................................................... 28
B. Harmen ............................................................................................................................................................... 28
C. Timed ma琀椀ng ...................................................................................................................................................... 28
4. GENERAL OBLIGATIONS IN REGARD TO THE BREEDING PROTOCOL ....................................................................... 28
CHAPTER 6: ANIMAL HUSBANDRY .................................................................................................................................. 29
1. HUSBANDRY ............................................................................................................................................................ 29
A. Conven琀椀onal building ......................................................................................................................................... 29
B. Barrier building ................................................................................................................................................... 29
2
Downloaded by Muqtada Jafar ()
, lOMoARcPSD|3013804
LAS
C. Containment building.......................................................................................................................................... 29
2. CLEANING AND WASTE ........................................................................................................................................... 30
3. ENVIROMENTAL PARAMETERS ................................................................................................................................ 30
4. NUTRITION .............................................................................................................................................................. 31
A. Types of ingredients ............................................................................................................................................ 31
B. Frequency / Feeding regimen ............................................................................................................................. 32
5. SAFETY INC HEALTH MONITORING.......................................................................................................................... 32
A. Health monitoring ............................................................................................................................................... 32
B. Risks .................................................................................................................................................................... 33
CHAPTER 7: MINIMALLY INVASIVE PROCEDURES ........................................................................................................... 34
1. IDENTIFICATION AND MARKING OF ANIMALS ........................................................................................................ 34
2. ADMINISTRATION OF SUBSTANCES: RODENTS ....................................................................................................... 35
3. COLLECTION OF BODY FLUIDS (RODENTS) .............................................................................................................. 37
A. Blood ................................................................................................................................................................... 37
B. Urine.................................................................................................................................................................... 37
CHAPTER 8: SURGICAL TECHNIQUES - ASEPSIS ............................................................................................................... 38
1. HALTSTED’S PRINCIPLES .......................................................................................................................................... 38
2. ASEPSIS .................................................................................................................................................................... 38
3. SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS ........................................................................................................................................ 39
A. Scapel .................................................................................................................................................................. 39
B. Scissors ................................................................................................................................................................ 39
C. Needle holder ..................................................................................................................................................... 39
D. Surgical Forceps (Tweezer).................................................................................................................................. 39
CHAPTER 9: PERI-OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT & CARE ................................................................................................... 40
1. HEALTH CHECK ........................................................................................................................................................ 40
A. Animal Species – Strain – Genotype ................................................................................................................... 40
B. Date of arrival...................................................................................................................................................... 40
C. Clinical examina琀椀on ............................................................................................................................................ 40
D. Health status ....................................................................................................................................................... 40
E. Protocol ............................................................................................................................................................... 40
2. NO ANAESTHESIA .................................................................................................................................................... 40
3. ANAESTHESIA .......................................................................................................................................................... 41
4. POST-OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................................................... 41
CHAPTER 10: SUTURING TECHNIQUES AND WOUND HEALING ..................................................................................... 42
1. WOUND HEALING ................................................................................................................................................... 42
A. Haemostasis ........................................................................................................................................................ 42
B. In昀氀amma琀椀on (± 5 days) ..................................................................................................................................... 42
3
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