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ATLS Written Exam Review -with 100% verified
solutions 2025-tutor verified
What is the primary goal of treating TBI? How is this done? - (answer)preventing
secondary brain injury. This is done by maintaining blood pressure and providing
adequate profusion.
After managing ABCDEs of TBI what MUST be identified if present? How is this
done? - (answer)mass lesion that requires surgical evacuation is critical! this is
done with CT. NOTE: obtaining a CT should not delay patient transfer to trauma
center.
Which brain lobes do the following hold:
1. anterior fossa:
2. middle fossa:
3. posterior fossa: - (answer)1. anterior fossa: frontal lobes
2. middle fossa: temporal lobes
3. posterior fossa: lower brainstem and cerebellum
What are the 3 layers of the meninges? - (answer)dura mater, arachnoid mater,
pia mater
What does the dura mater adhere firmly to? - (answer)the skull. it is tough and
fibrous
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What layer of the meninges splits into two leaves as specific sites to enclose large
venous sinuses? What do these sinuses do? - (answer)dura mater.
these sinuses provide major venous drainage from the brain.
What is the midline sinus of of the brain that splits into two sinuses: bilateral
transverse and sigmoid sinus? What side are these bigger on? - (answer)The main
sinus enclosed by the dura major is the midline superior sagital sinus. This splits
into the sigmoid and bilateral transverse sinuses which are larger on the right
side.
What are the arteries that lie between the skull and the dura mater (epidural
space)? - (answer)meningeal arteries.
What is the most commonly injured meningeal artery and where is it located? -
(answer)middle meningeal artery.
Located over the temporal fossa
T/F: the arachnoid mater is fused to the dura mater? - (answer)FALSE: not
attached. This produces a potential space for a subdural hematoma
In a subdural hematoma, what is the cause? - (answer)injury to bridging veins
that extend from brain surface to the sinuses within the dura.
_______ fills the space between the arachnoid and pia mater? - (answer)CSF. this
cushions the brain and spinal cord.
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What location of brain hemorrhage is frequently seen in brain contusion or injury
to major blood vessels at base of brain? - (answer)subarachnoid.
The ____ and _____ contain the reticular activating system which is responsible
for ____. - (answer)midbrain and upper pons
state of alertness
What important function resides in the medulla? - (answer)cardiorespiratory
centers.
What important functions are in the following brain segments:
1. left hemisphere:
2. frontal lobe:
3. parietal lobe:
4. temporal: - (answer)1. left hemisphere: language center
2. frontal lobe: executive function, emotions, motor
3. parietal lobe: sensory function/spatial orientation
4. temporal: memory functions
What divides the brain into supratentorial and infratentorial compartments? -
(answer)tentorium cerebelli. (tent over cerebellum)
ATLS Written Exam Review -with 100% verified
solutions 2025-tutor verified
What is the primary goal of treating TBI? How is this done? - (answer)preventing
secondary brain injury. This is done by maintaining blood pressure and providing
adequate profusion.
After managing ABCDEs of TBI what MUST be identified if present? How is this
done? - (answer)mass lesion that requires surgical evacuation is critical! this is
done with CT. NOTE: obtaining a CT should not delay patient transfer to trauma
center.
Which brain lobes do the following hold:
1. anterior fossa:
2. middle fossa:
3. posterior fossa: - (answer)1. anterior fossa: frontal lobes
2. middle fossa: temporal lobes
3. posterior fossa: lower brainstem and cerebellum
What are the 3 layers of the meninges? - (answer)dura mater, arachnoid mater,
pia mater
What does the dura mater adhere firmly to? - (answer)the skull. it is tough and
fibrous
,2|Page
What layer of the meninges splits into two leaves as specific sites to enclose large
venous sinuses? What do these sinuses do? - (answer)dura mater.
these sinuses provide major venous drainage from the brain.
What is the midline sinus of of the brain that splits into two sinuses: bilateral
transverse and sigmoid sinus? What side are these bigger on? - (answer)The main
sinus enclosed by the dura major is the midline superior sagital sinus. This splits
into the sigmoid and bilateral transverse sinuses which are larger on the right
side.
What are the arteries that lie between the skull and the dura mater (epidural
space)? - (answer)meningeal arteries.
What is the most commonly injured meningeal artery and where is it located? -
(answer)middle meningeal artery.
Located over the temporal fossa
T/F: the arachnoid mater is fused to the dura mater? - (answer)FALSE: not
attached. This produces a potential space for a subdural hematoma
In a subdural hematoma, what is the cause? - (answer)injury to bridging veins
that extend from brain surface to the sinuses within the dura.
_______ fills the space between the arachnoid and pia mater? - (answer)CSF. this
cushions the brain and spinal cord.
, 3|Page
What location of brain hemorrhage is frequently seen in brain contusion or injury
to major blood vessels at base of brain? - (answer)subarachnoid.
The ____ and _____ contain the reticular activating system which is responsible
for ____. - (answer)midbrain and upper pons
state of alertness
What important function resides in the medulla? - (answer)cardiorespiratory
centers.
What important functions are in the following brain segments:
1. left hemisphere:
2. frontal lobe:
3. parietal lobe:
4. temporal: - (answer)1. left hemisphere: language center
2. frontal lobe: executive function, emotions, motor
3. parietal lobe: sensory function/spatial orientation
4. temporal: memory functions
What divides the brain into supratentorial and infratentorial compartments? -
(answer)tentorium cerebelli. (tent over cerebellum)
