Challenges to Spain Supremacy
For Europeans discovery of Atlantic World represented new found wealth
Religious motives spurred expansion
1520's English Exploration
Tudor monarchy switched Cathol- under Queen Mary ::restored Protestant church under
Queen Elizabeth ( nearly wiped out financially)
1497 John Cabot set sail & found N.A. coastline, people benefitted from fish
resource, chose to devote $$ towards Ireland colonizing
👑Qn, Elizabeth main pain point block Spain effort to do away with Protestantism
Used privateers allowed to raid the enemy w/o direct command; stole pds and lbs, $$
1584 Sir Walter Raleigh attempted to establish Roanoke colony but failed due to
conspiracy connections::117 person colony, struggled to survive for short period
1600 Rallied help using selling points commercial advantage, & religious strength
Wealthy merchants & landed elite formed joint stock companies, what we call
corporation today;; got approval from English Crown & formed "First Virginia
Company" Jamestown settlement was established:: England came late to the race to
colonize: (set down roots)
By the time made ground (coverage and power) Spanish Empire was global, rich and
cultured:: England established themselves on small islands Barbados, Antigua, St
Christopher & 2+
Became known as English West Indies; used tobacco and sugar, commercialized for
profit, Barbados was super impt! Kept sugar production factory going
Other Party involved: English Puritans 1620 and 1630 :: intensely religious, 1st
group of Pilgrims led by Wil.. Bradford, aka Separatists
102 migrants crossed Atlantic in Mayflower, landed/named Plymouth area: signed
Mayflower Compact agreement to voluntarily help each other;
French Exploration
Like Spain, France was Catholic nation:: devoted to expanding Catholicism:: joined
the race to explore the New World:: 📌Cartiér claimed NAmerica for France and
called New France. Still failed to launch a new settlement
📌 Champlain explored the Caribbean 1601 and coast of New England 1603 : made
alliance with Huron confederacy and Algo quin to help defeat the Iroquois.
Where successful in trading; commercialized outposts trade beaver pelts and furs
for French beads, gems: furs were hot commodity and worth lot $, they colonized 2
islands: Guadalupe and Martinique:: profited from sugar & African slave labor
Dutch Colonization Efforts
Dutch Republic or Holland
Contributed to religious & imperial conflict:📌establ, commercial leaders in 17
century & relied on Joint Stock Company business model:: 1602,Dutch East India
Company to trade in Asia and 1621,Dutch West Company to.colonize and trade in
America's
Henry Hudson explored NY Harbor seek a passage NWest targeting Asia. But changed
mind:: the named colony "New Netherlands" and added 2 outposts for trading; New
Amsterdam & Ft Orange
Dutch West established colonies in Aruba, St.Martin and Curacao + 2 more
Became a powerful rival to Spain, covering territory and land acquiring, Amsterdam
became trade hub for all the Atlantic World
For Europeans discovery of Atlantic World represented new found wealth
Religious motives spurred expansion
1520's English Exploration
Tudor monarchy switched Cathol- under Queen Mary ::restored Protestant church under
Queen Elizabeth ( nearly wiped out financially)
1497 John Cabot set sail & found N.A. coastline, people benefitted from fish
resource, chose to devote $$ towards Ireland colonizing
👑Qn, Elizabeth main pain point block Spain effort to do away with Protestantism
Used privateers allowed to raid the enemy w/o direct command; stole pds and lbs, $$
1584 Sir Walter Raleigh attempted to establish Roanoke colony but failed due to
conspiracy connections::117 person colony, struggled to survive for short period
1600 Rallied help using selling points commercial advantage, & religious strength
Wealthy merchants & landed elite formed joint stock companies, what we call
corporation today;; got approval from English Crown & formed "First Virginia
Company" Jamestown settlement was established:: England came late to the race to
colonize: (set down roots)
By the time made ground (coverage and power) Spanish Empire was global, rich and
cultured:: England established themselves on small islands Barbados, Antigua, St
Christopher & 2+
Became known as English West Indies; used tobacco and sugar, commercialized for
profit, Barbados was super impt! Kept sugar production factory going
Other Party involved: English Puritans 1620 and 1630 :: intensely religious, 1st
group of Pilgrims led by Wil.. Bradford, aka Separatists
102 migrants crossed Atlantic in Mayflower, landed/named Plymouth area: signed
Mayflower Compact agreement to voluntarily help each other;
French Exploration
Like Spain, France was Catholic nation:: devoted to expanding Catholicism:: joined
the race to explore the New World:: 📌Cartiér claimed NAmerica for France and
called New France. Still failed to launch a new settlement
📌 Champlain explored the Caribbean 1601 and coast of New England 1603 : made
alliance with Huron confederacy and Algo quin to help defeat the Iroquois.
Where successful in trading; commercialized outposts trade beaver pelts and furs
for French beads, gems: furs were hot commodity and worth lot $, they colonized 2
islands: Guadalupe and Martinique:: profited from sugar & African slave labor
Dutch Colonization Efforts
Dutch Republic or Holland
Contributed to religious & imperial conflict:📌establ, commercial leaders in 17
century & relied on Joint Stock Company business model:: 1602,Dutch East India
Company to trade in Asia and 1621,Dutch West Company to.colonize and trade in
America's
Henry Hudson explored NY Harbor seek a passage NWest targeting Asia. But changed
mind:: the named colony "New Netherlands" and added 2 outposts for trading; New
Amsterdam & Ft Orange
Dutch West established colonies in Aruba, St.Martin and Curacao + 2 more
Became a powerful rival to Spain, covering territory and land acquiring, Amsterdam
became trade hub for all the Atlantic World
