NUR 210 Exam 3 Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025
list the factors linked to increased risk of thromboembolic event - Answers - decreased circulation
- reduced mobility
- disease or disability
- obesity (have limited mobility and venostasis)
- obstruction of venous flow (having a preexisting clot)
- medications that increase clotting risk
indications for heparin - Answers - DVT - deep vein thrombosis
- PE- pulmonary embolism
- CVA (stroke or heart attack)
- MI (myocardial infarction)
- Pregnancy (if they're on bed rest)
mechanism of action for heparin - Answers - Parenterally only
- Not absorbed in GI tract
- Very acid solution
- Large molecule
- Rapid acting
- Does not dissolve clots, prevents future clots from forming
- Used prophylactically to treat from getting bigger
pharmokinetics of heparin - Answers - Metabolized in the liver
- Eliminated via kidney
- Short half life
- Highly protein bound
heparin ADRs - Answers - hemorrhage
- osteoporosis
, - HIT( heparin induced thrombocytopenia)
Not enough platelets in your blood because heparin is destroying them
- bruising
- smoky urine (blood in the urine)
- With kidney failure, it's not eliminated as quickly
- Can turn off heparin and it's effects go away within an hour
- Does not cross placental barrier so it doesn't affect the baby which is why they give it to pregnant
women
Too much of a good thing
- they're going to bleed
- if they're bleeding, look for paleness, coldness, dizziness, increased hr, decreased bp
LMWH mechanism of action - Answers - Bioavailability 100% with subq injection
- Half life 6 times longer than heparin
- Minimal protein binding
- Renal clearance
- works almost immediately because it has almost 100% bioavailability
- enoxaparin is a cousin of heparin
- more predictable in anticoagulant ability and has less side effects
warfarin mechanism of action - Answers Inhibits liver synthesis of vitamin K which is how it keeps you
from clotting
- not enough vit K, not very much clotting
- affects factors VII, IX, X, & prothrombin
- long half life 42 hours
- highly protein bound 99.5% (look at protein levels)
list the factors linked to increased risk of thromboembolic event - Answers - decreased circulation
- reduced mobility
- disease or disability
- obesity (have limited mobility and venostasis)
- obstruction of venous flow (having a preexisting clot)
- medications that increase clotting risk
indications for heparin - Answers - DVT - deep vein thrombosis
- PE- pulmonary embolism
- CVA (stroke or heart attack)
- MI (myocardial infarction)
- Pregnancy (if they're on bed rest)
mechanism of action for heparin - Answers - Parenterally only
- Not absorbed in GI tract
- Very acid solution
- Large molecule
- Rapid acting
- Does not dissolve clots, prevents future clots from forming
- Used prophylactically to treat from getting bigger
pharmokinetics of heparin - Answers - Metabolized in the liver
- Eliminated via kidney
- Short half life
- Highly protein bound
heparin ADRs - Answers - hemorrhage
- osteoporosis
, - HIT( heparin induced thrombocytopenia)
Not enough platelets in your blood because heparin is destroying them
- bruising
- smoky urine (blood in the urine)
- With kidney failure, it's not eliminated as quickly
- Can turn off heparin and it's effects go away within an hour
- Does not cross placental barrier so it doesn't affect the baby which is why they give it to pregnant
women
Too much of a good thing
- they're going to bleed
- if they're bleeding, look for paleness, coldness, dizziness, increased hr, decreased bp
LMWH mechanism of action - Answers - Bioavailability 100% with subq injection
- Half life 6 times longer than heparin
- Minimal protein binding
- Renal clearance
- works almost immediately because it has almost 100% bioavailability
- enoxaparin is a cousin of heparin
- more predictable in anticoagulant ability and has less side effects
warfarin mechanism of action - Answers Inhibits liver synthesis of vitamin K which is how it keeps you
from clotting
- not enough vit K, not very much clotting
- affects factors VII, IX, X, & prothrombin
- long half life 42 hours
- highly protein bound 99.5% (look at protein levels)
