NR599 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS AND 100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Ethical decision making - -Ethical decision making refers to the process of making
informed choices about ethical dilemmas based on a set of standards differentiating right from
wrong.
-The E-Health Code of Ethics (eHealth code, n.d.), which includes eight standards for the ethical
development of health-related Internet sites: (1) candor, (2) honesty, (3) quality, (4) informed
consent, (5) privacy, (6) professionalism, (7) responsible partnering, and (8) accountability.
-the concept of nonmaleficence ("do no harm") will be broadened to include those individuals
and groups whom one may never see in person, but with whom one will enter into a
professional relationship of trust and care.suggests that both autonomy and justice are
enhanced with universal access to information, but that tensions may be created in patient-
provider relationships as a result of this access to outside information. Healthcare workers need
to realize that they are no longer the sole providers and gatekeepers of health-related
information; ideally, they should embrace information empowerment and suggest websites to
patients that contain reliable, accurate, and relevant information
Bioethical standards - bioethical decision-making model centers on the healthcare
professional's implicit agreement with the patient or client (1) autonomy, (2) freedom, (3)
veracity, (4) privacy, (5) beneficence, and (6) fidelity.
Telehealth - Telehealth is still an evolving technology; while the offsite interventions or
contacts often lead to less time being wasted on non-care-oriented tasks because of the
efficiencies offered by the technology applications, its use must never be associated with less
care. It is also important to note that nursing activity in telehealth still follows the same best
practice standards as those espoused in conventional care.
FDA Oversight for Medical Devices - The FDA intends to apply its regulatory authorities to
select software applications intended for use on mobile platforms. Given the rapid expansion
and broad applicability of mobile apps, the FDA is issuing this guidance document to clarify the
subset of mobile apps to which the FDA intends to apply its authority. Many mobile apps are
not medical devices, meaning such mobile apps do not meet the definition of a device by the
FDA. therefore, the FDA does not regulate them.Some mobile apps may meet the definition of a
medical device but because they pose a lower risk to the public, the FDA intends to exercise
enforcement discretion over these devices (meaning it will not enforce requirements under the
FD&C Act). One example is a mobile app that makes a light emitting diode (LED) operate. If the
, manufacturer intends the system to illuminate objects generally (i.e., without a specific medical
device intended use), the mobile app would not be considered a medical device. If, however,
through marketing, labeling, and the circumstances surrounding the distribution, the mobile
app is promoted by the manufacturer for use as a light source for providers to examine patients,
then the intended use of the light source would be similar to a conventional device such as an
ophthalmoscope.
Privacy - According to Healthit.gov (2014) Protecting Your Health Information, the privacy
and security of patient health information is a top priority for patients and their families, health
care providers and professionals, and the government. This was also previously discussed under
HIPAA. It also requires that "key persons and organizations that handle health information to
have policies and security safeguards in place to protect your health information whether it is
stored on paper or electronically."
An important issue related to personal information, about the owner or about other individuals,
that focuses on sharing this information with others electronically and the mechanisms that
restrict access to this personal information.
Confidentiality - The mandate that all personal information be safeguarded by ensuring
that access is limited to only those who are authorized to view that information.
Consequently, stringent confidentiality laws and more widespread availability and use of social
and mobile media, numerous ethical and legal dilemmas have been posed to all healthcare
workers. What are not well defined are the expectations of healthcare providers regarding this
technology. In some cases, APNs have been subjected to video and audio recordings by patients
and families when procedure is performed. Providers must be aware of the institutional policy
regarding audio/video recording by patients and families, as well as the state laws governing
two-party consent. Such laws require consent of all parties to any recording or eavesdropping
activity
Cybersecurity - Another federal regulatory agency with a role in the privacy and security
of health care data is the (FDA). The FDA oversees the safety of medical devices, which includes
addressing the management of cybersecurity risks and hospital network security. Recent
guidelines issued recommend that medical device manufacturers and health care facilities take
steps to ensure that appropriate safeguards are in place to reduce the risk of failure caused by
cyberattack. This could be initiated by the introduction of malware into the medical equipment
or unauthorized access to configuration settings in medical devices and hospital networks. As
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Ethical decision making - -Ethical decision making refers to the process of making
informed choices about ethical dilemmas based on a set of standards differentiating right from
wrong.
-The E-Health Code of Ethics (eHealth code, n.d.), which includes eight standards for the ethical
development of health-related Internet sites: (1) candor, (2) honesty, (3) quality, (4) informed
consent, (5) privacy, (6) professionalism, (7) responsible partnering, and (8) accountability.
-the concept of nonmaleficence ("do no harm") will be broadened to include those individuals
and groups whom one may never see in person, but with whom one will enter into a
professional relationship of trust and care.suggests that both autonomy and justice are
enhanced with universal access to information, but that tensions may be created in patient-
provider relationships as a result of this access to outside information. Healthcare workers need
to realize that they are no longer the sole providers and gatekeepers of health-related
information; ideally, they should embrace information empowerment and suggest websites to
patients that contain reliable, accurate, and relevant information
Bioethical standards - bioethical decision-making model centers on the healthcare
professional's implicit agreement with the patient or client (1) autonomy, (2) freedom, (3)
veracity, (4) privacy, (5) beneficence, and (6) fidelity.
Telehealth - Telehealth is still an evolving technology; while the offsite interventions or
contacts often lead to less time being wasted on non-care-oriented tasks because of the
efficiencies offered by the technology applications, its use must never be associated with less
care. It is also important to note that nursing activity in telehealth still follows the same best
practice standards as those espoused in conventional care.
FDA Oversight for Medical Devices - The FDA intends to apply its regulatory authorities to
select software applications intended for use on mobile platforms. Given the rapid expansion
and broad applicability of mobile apps, the FDA is issuing this guidance document to clarify the
subset of mobile apps to which the FDA intends to apply its authority. Many mobile apps are
not medical devices, meaning such mobile apps do not meet the definition of a device by the
FDA. therefore, the FDA does not regulate them.Some mobile apps may meet the definition of a
medical device but because they pose a lower risk to the public, the FDA intends to exercise
enforcement discretion over these devices (meaning it will not enforce requirements under the
FD&C Act). One example is a mobile app that makes a light emitting diode (LED) operate. If the
, manufacturer intends the system to illuminate objects generally (i.e., without a specific medical
device intended use), the mobile app would not be considered a medical device. If, however,
through marketing, labeling, and the circumstances surrounding the distribution, the mobile
app is promoted by the manufacturer for use as a light source for providers to examine patients,
then the intended use of the light source would be similar to a conventional device such as an
ophthalmoscope.
Privacy - According to Healthit.gov (2014) Protecting Your Health Information, the privacy
and security of patient health information is a top priority for patients and their families, health
care providers and professionals, and the government. This was also previously discussed under
HIPAA. It also requires that "key persons and organizations that handle health information to
have policies and security safeguards in place to protect your health information whether it is
stored on paper or electronically."
An important issue related to personal information, about the owner or about other individuals,
that focuses on sharing this information with others electronically and the mechanisms that
restrict access to this personal information.
Confidentiality - The mandate that all personal information be safeguarded by ensuring
that access is limited to only those who are authorized to view that information.
Consequently, stringent confidentiality laws and more widespread availability and use of social
and mobile media, numerous ethical and legal dilemmas have been posed to all healthcare
workers. What are not well defined are the expectations of healthcare providers regarding this
technology. In some cases, APNs have been subjected to video and audio recordings by patients
and families when procedure is performed. Providers must be aware of the institutional policy
regarding audio/video recording by patients and families, as well as the state laws governing
two-party consent. Such laws require consent of all parties to any recording or eavesdropping
activity
Cybersecurity - Another federal regulatory agency with a role in the privacy and security
of health care data is the (FDA). The FDA oversees the safety of medical devices, which includes
addressing the management of cybersecurity risks and hospital network security. Recent
guidelines issued recommend that medical device manufacturers and health care facilities take
steps to ensure that appropriate safeguards are in place to reduce the risk of failure caused by
cyberattack. This could be initiated by the introduction of malware into the medical equipment
or unauthorized access to configuration settings in medical devices and hospital networks. As
