WGU-(D167)-Educational Psychology & Human
Development of Children & Adolescence
1. What are the components included in Maslow's esteem needs?
food, water, shelter, safety
love, belonging, friendship, family
knowledge, understanding, wisdom
self respect, respect from others, achievement, independence,
status, and prestige
2. What is the term used to describe the debate over whether genetics or
environment influences behavior?
Operant Conditioning
Social Learning Theory
Cognitive Development
Nature vs. Nurture
3. What is one benefit of class discussions mentioned in the text?
They eliminate the need for assessments.
They are only beneficial for advanced learners.
They focus solely on factual recall.
They provide valuable opportunities to review students' levels
of understanding.
4. In a classroom setting, how could a teacher use shaping to encourage
students to participate more actively in discussions?
,By punishing students who do not participate in discussions.
, By allowing students to participate without any guidance or
reinforcement.
By only rewarding students who speak up immediately during
discussions.
By gradually reinforcing students for contributing to
discussions, starting with small contributions and increasing
expectations.
5. Describe how children's thinking evolves during the Concrete
Operational Stage according to Piaget's theory.
Children's thinking is entirely rigid and does not evolve during this
stage.
Children's thinking becomes more logical and organized,
allowing them to understand concepts like conservation, but
they still struggle with abstract ideas.
Children's thinking is completely abstract and flexible during this
stage.
Children can think abstractly and hypothetically without any
limitations.
6. What is the formal name for Operant Conditioning as described by
Skinner?
Classical conditioning
Cognitive conditioning
Behavioral conditioning
Instrumental conditioning
7. If a child in the Initiative vs. Guilt stage is frequently criticized for their
choices, what long-term effects might this have on their development?
The child may develop feelings of guilt and low self-esteem.
, The child will become more independent and confident.
The child will have no impact on their future development.
The child will excel in social interactions.
8. A first grade teacher has one student who struggles with the test items
on the screening test so she gives the child a diagnostic assessment.
Diagnostic assessments are:
annual standardized tests used to publicly report test scores
used to identify a student's area of weakness in order to plan
differentiate instruction
only beneficial when a student's specific areas of weaknesses are
already known
given to students by a certified school counselor after parental
consent is obtained
9. Describe how fluid intelligence changes as individuals age, particularly in
late adulthood.
Fluid intelligence tends to decrease during late adulthood.
Fluid intelligence increases with age.
Fluid intelligence only decreases in early adulthood.
Fluid intelligence remains constant throughout life.
10. Describe how extinction occurs in both classical and operant
conditioning.
Extinction occurs in classical conditioning when the
unconditioned stimulus no longer follows the conditioned
stimulus, and in operant conditioning when a response is no
longer reinforced.
Extinction occurs only in operant conditioning when the
conditioned response is punished.
Development of Children & Adolescence
1. What are the components included in Maslow's esteem needs?
food, water, shelter, safety
love, belonging, friendship, family
knowledge, understanding, wisdom
self respect, respect from others, achievement, independence,
status, and prestige
2. What is the term used to describe the debate over whether genetics or
environment influences behavior?
Operant Conditioning
Social Learning Theory
Cognitive Development
Nature vs. Nurture
3. What is one benefit of class discussions mentioned in the text?
They eliminate the need for assessments.
They are only beneficial for advanced learners.
They focus solely on factual recall.
They provide valuable opportunities to review students' levels
of understanding.
4. In a classroom setting, how could a teacher use shaping to encourage
students to participate more actively in discussions?
,By punishing students who do not participate in discussions.
, By allowing students to participate without any guidance or
reinforcement.
By only rewarding students who speak up immediately during
discussions.
By gradually reinforcing students for contributing to
discussions, starting with small contributions and increasing
expectations.
5. Describe how children's thinking evolves during the Concrete
Operational Stage according to Piaget's theory.
Children's thinking is entirely rigid and does not evolve during this
stage.
Children's thinking becomes more logical and organized,
allowing them to understand concepts like conservation, but
they still struggle with abstract ideas.
Children's thinking is completely abstract and flexible during this
stage.
Children can think abstractly and hypothetically without any
limitations.
6. What is the formal name for Operant Conditioning as described by
Skinner?
Classical conditioning
Cognitive conditioning
Behavioral conditioning
Instrumental conditioning
7. If a child in the Initiative vs. Guilt stage is frequently criticized for their
choices, what long-term effects might this have on their development?
The child may develop feelings of guilt and low self-esteem.
, The child will become more independent and confident.
The child will have no impact on their future development.
The child will excel in social interactions.
8. A first grade teacher has one student who struggles with the test items
on the screening test so she gives the child a diagnostic assessment.
Diagnostic assessments are:
annual standardized tests used to publicly report test scores
used to identify a student's area of weakness in order to plan
differentiate instruction
only beneficial when a student's specific areas of weaknesses are
already known
given to students by a certified school counselor after parental
consent is obtained
9. Describe how fluid intelligence changes as individuals age, particularly in
late adulthood.
Fluid intelligence tends to decrease during late adulthood.
Fluid intelligence increases with age.
Fluid intelligence only decreases in early adulthood.
Fluid intelligence remains constant throughout life.
10. Describe how extinction occurs in both classical and operant
conditioning.
Extinction occurs in classical conditioning when the
unconditioned stimulus no longer follows the conditioned
stimulus, and in operant conditioning when a response is no
longer reinforced.
Extinction occurs only in operant conditioning when the
conditioned response is punished.
