Samenvatting Basisprincipes van
humane voeding
What is nutrition?
Human nutrition is a complex multifaced scientific domain indicating how substances in foods
provide essential nourishment for the maintenance of life
Process whereby cellular organelles, cells, tissues, organs, systems, and the body as a whole obtain
and use necessary substances obtained from foods (nutrients) to maintain structural and functional
integrity.
Includes the spectrum of molecular to societal level
Nutrition – Conceptual Framework
Relationship Nutrition & Health
,Link between diet and health outcomes
Kunnen na tekenen
Exposure: voeding
Clinical outcome: bv osteoporose
Surrogate outcomes: botdensiteit meten-> lager-> meer kans
Intermediate outcomes: klinische merkers die een verhoogd risico geven op de clinical of outcomes
Indicators of exposure: door toediening voedsel direct meten of je verhoogde of verlaagde status
hebt-> zegt niks over clinical outcomes
Relationship Nutrition & Health
Many other lifestyle and environmental factors influence health and well-being BUT nutrition is a
major modifiable and powerful factor in promoting health, preventing and treating disease and
improving quality of life.
,Nutrients: the basics
People eat food NOT nutrients
It is the combination and amount of nutrients that determine health
Nutrition Defined
Actions in the body include:
Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Transport
Metabolism
Excretion
What’s Considered Food?
Foods contain nutrients and are derived from plant or animal sources
Nutrients are used by the body to provide energy and to support growth, maintenance and repair of
body tissues
There are 6 Classes of Nutrients
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids (fats)
3. Proteins
4. Vitamins
5. Minerals
6. Water
A little more on energy
Measure energy in kilocalories.
• What most think of as a “calorie” is really a kilocalorie
• Kcal = amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 0C
Measure energy in kilojoules (kJ) in some other countries
Energy Density
Measure of the kcal per gram of food
Foods with a high energy density provide more kcal per gram than low density foods.
, History of Nutrition
Ancient beliefs
Certain foods – certain beliefs and taboos
• Based on climatic, economic, political or religious circumstances and
principles
Examples:
• cooling or warming of foods to uplift the soul
• Fasting practices of Christians and Islam
• Hippocrates: “For a long and healthy life, one should avoid too much fat in
the diet, eat more fruit, get ample sleep and be physical active”
Greek Philosophers
• Let thy food be thy medicine and be thy medicine be thy food
• One Nutrient Theory – since people were the same, regardless what they ate, there must be
one nutrient that everything is made of
• People who are naturally fat are apt to die earlier than those who are slender
Naturalistic Era
• Little direct relationship between diet and health and disease
• Isolated references to food and health in Chinese, Indian and biblical writings
e.g. treatment of eye disease (now known to be due to vitamin A deficiency) by squeezing the juice
of the liver to the eye
First Renaissance – development of evidence base
Nowadays specific health effects related to particular diets, foods and nutrients are based on
scientific experiments … but at that time it was not
Nutrition studied as a medical paradigm
• Nutrients as chemical structures in relation to the physiological functions, biochemical
reactions, requirements
• To prevent deficiency and later NCD
Leonardo Da Vinci
Compared the process of metabolism in the body to the burning of the candle
1600’s
Sanctorius (Italy) – weighed himself before and after meal
15th and 16th century:
• increased activity of exploration
• observation of symptoms and later discovery of scurvy
humane voeding
What is nutrition?
Human nutrition is a complex multifaced scientific domain indicating how substances in foods
provide essential nourishment for the maintenance of life
Process whereby cellular organelles, cells, tissues, organs, systems, and the body as a whole obtain
and use necessary substances obtained from foods (nutrients) to maintain structural and functional
integrity.
Includes the spectrum of molecular to societal level
Nutrition – Conceptual Framework
Relationship Nutrition & Health
,Link between diet and health outcomes
Kunnen na tekenen
Exposure: voeding
Clinical outcome: bv osteoporose
Surrogate outcomes: botdensiteit meten-> lager-> meer kans
Intermediate outcomes: klinische merkers die een verhoogd risico geven op de clinical of outcomes
Indicators of exposure: door toediening voedsel direct meten of je verhoogde of verlaagde status
hebt-> zegt niks over clinical outcomes
Relationship Nutrition & Health
Many other lifestyle and environmental factors influence health and well-being BUT nutrition is a
major modifiable and powerful factor in promoting health, preventing and treating disease and
improving quality of life.
,Nutrients: the basics
People eat food NOT nutrients
It is the combination and amount of nutrients that determine health
Nutrition Defined
Actions in the body include:
Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Transport
Metabolism
Excretion
What’s Considered Food?
Foods contain nutrients and are derived from plant or animal sources
Nutrients are used by the body to provide energy and to support growth, maintenance and repair of
body tissues
There are 6 Classes of Nutrients
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids (fats)
3. Proteins
4. Vitamins
5. Minerals
6. Water
A little more on energy
Measure energy in kilocalories.
• What most think of as a “calorie” is really a kilocalorie
• Kcal = amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 0C
Measure energy in kilojoules (kJ) in some other countries
Energy Density
Measure of the kcal per gram of food
Foods with a high energy density provide more kcal per gram than low density foods.
, History of Nutrition
Ancient beliefs
Certain foods – certain beliefs and taboos
• Based on climatic, economic, political or religious circumstances and
principles
Examples:
• cooling or warming of foods to uplift the soul
• Fasting practices of Christians and Islam
• Hippocrates: “For a long and healthy life, one should avoid too much fat in
the diet, eat more fruit, get ample sleep and be physical active”
Greek Philosophers
• Let thy food be thy medicine and be thy medicine be thy food
• One Nutrient Theory – since people were the same, regardless what they ate, there must be
one nutrient that everything is made of
• People who are naturally fat are apt to die earlier than those who are slender
Naturalistic Era
• Little direct relationship between diet and health and disease
• Isolated references to food and health in Chinese, Indian and biblical writings
e.g. treatment of eye disease (now known to be due to vitamin A deficiency) by squeezing the juice
of the liver to the eye
First Renaissance – development of evidence base
Nowadays specific health effects related to particular diets, foods and nutrients are based on
scientific experiments … but at that time it was not
Nutrition studied as a medical paradigm
• Nutrients as chemical structures in relation to the physiological functions, biochemical
reactions, requirements
• To prevent deficiency and later NCD
Leonardo Da Vinci
Compared the process of metabolism in the body to the burning of the candle
1600’s
Sanctorius (Italy) – weighed himself before and after meal
15th and 16th century:
• increased activity of exploration
• observation of symptoms and later discovery of scurvy
