EPPP Questions Research and Statistics Exam Answers 100% Pass

EPPP Questions Research and Statistics Exam Answers 100% Pass R squared is the: a. coefficient of multiple determination b. coefficient of stability c. coefficient of internal consistency d. silver character on "Star Wars" - a. coefficient of multiple determination When data points are widely scattered around a regression line, this indicates: a. low homoscedasticity b. low correlation coefficient c. low heteroscedasticity d. high heteroscedasticity - b. low correlation coefficient Heteroscedasticity - The scatter is uneven (unequal) at different points on the regression line. For example, there might be high variability around the regression line 2100% Pass Guarantee Olivia West, All Rights Reserved © 2025 at low X (predictor) values and low variability around the line at high X values. It is different amounts of scatter, but not high scatter A psychologist in a hospital is conducting research designed to assess the effects of a new drug on the social behavior of psychotic patients. Which of the following would be the best way to decrease experimenter bias in this type of study? a. randomized block design b. a Solomon four-group design c. counterbalancing d. a double-blind study - d. a double blind study Which of the following is a measure of "amount of variability accounted for"? a. Cohen's d b. F-ratio c. alpha d. eta squared - d. eta squared Alpha - Level of significance set by a researcher prior to analyzing data Cohen's d - Used as an index of effect size, but it is a measure of the mean difference between two groups. 3100% Pass Guarantee Olivia West, All Rights Reserved © 2025 F-ratio - Statistic calculated when using the analysis of variance The eta coefficient would be used to a. estimate the strength of a nonlinear relationship between two continuous variables b. estimate the strength of the relationship between two rank-ordered variables c. estimate the strength of the relationship between two dichotomous variables d. estimate the strength of the relationship between a dichotomous variable and a continuous variable - a. estimate the strength of a nonlinear relationship between two continuous variables. The most common correlation coefficient - Pearson r Pearson r - Used to measure the relationship between two continuous variables that are related in a linear way Note: eta is used when there is a nonlinear relationship Phi Coefficient - Can be used to measure the correlation between two dichotomous variables (i.e, variables that can take one of two values) Point-Bisceral Correlation - Used to measure the correlation between a dichotomous variable and a continuous variable. Spearmena's rho - Used to measure the correlation between two sets of ranked data 4100% Pass Guarantee Olivia West, All Rights Reserved © 2025 You have conducted a study to assess the relationship between salary and job performance, and you find a significant correlation between these two variables. You assistant tells you that the data fail to take into account a $25.00 cost of living raise that every empoyee received. You should: a. assume the correlation will not be affected b. not be concerned since the added amount is too small to make a significant difference c. decide that the raise invalidated the research d. reanalyze the data after the raises have been added to the current salaries. - a. assume the correlation will not be affected Note that you are adding a constant to each score in one of both data sets does not change the relationship A psychological researcher would like to determine what variables best distinguish between patients who benefit from psychotherapy and patients who do not. To identify these variables, the research would most likely use which of the following? a. canonical correlation b. factor analysis c. MANOVA d. discriminant function analysis - d. 5100% Pass Guarantee Olivia West, All Rights Reserved © 2025 Factor Analysis - Used to reduce variability in a set of variables to a smaller set of unobserved variables, or factors. For example, factor analysis might be used to confirm a theory that score differences on a variety of intelligence measures can be explained in terms of two factors, verbal intelligence and performance intelligence. Discriminant function analysis - Used to identify variables that distinguish between two or more existing or naturally occurring groups. It would involve collecting data on a variety fo measures and determining which combination of them best predict differences between groups. Canonical Correlation - Technique for assessing the relationship between two sets of variables: used to assess the relationship between multiple predictor and multiple criterion variables MANOVA - -Used in research studies to evaluate the effects of one or more independent variables on multiple (two or more) dependent variables -a type of ANOVA used when two or more dependent variables are included in the study -all of the dependent vairables should be measured on a ratio or interval scale A researcher inquires about the subjects' performance expectations and beliefs about the purpose of the study at the conclusion of the experiment. The researcher finds the 6100% Pass Guarantee Olivia West, All Rights Reserved © 2025 subjects actual performance is consistent with their beliefs about expectations when analyzing data. The results of the study may be confounded by: a. changing criteria b. carryover effects c. demand characteristics d. the Hawthorne Effect - c. Demand Characteristics Demand Characteristics - Unintentional cues in the experimental environment or manipulation that affect or account for the results of the study. Subjects may have acted in ways consistent with their expectations rather than simply in response to the experimental manipulation Hawthorne Effect - Occurs when research subjects act differently because of the novelty of the situation and the special attention they receive as research participants. Carryover Effects - Occur in repeated measures designs when the effects of one treatment have an impact on the effects of subsequent treatments. Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of repeated me