NUR 533 Exam 1 Review Questions And
All Correct Answers.
What is the location and function of the fundus? - Answer The dome-shape at the top of the uterus
where uterine tubes enter the uterus.
- Longitudinal fibers of the outer myometrial layer are found in the fundus which assists in expelling the
fetus during the birthing process
Menarche: - Answer Onset of menses
Define Menstruation - Answer Periodic shedding of uterine lining due to hormones and absence of
fertilization following ovulation
How long is a normal menstruation cycle & what is the normal blood loss? - Answer Lasts 28 days +/- 2-
5; 3-6 days of bleeding with 20-80ml of blood loss; little to no premenstrual symptoms
Common cause of a woman not having a menstrual cycle? - Answer Genetic abnormalities or HPO
(hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian) irregularities (if patients are not eating, they need to have a certain
amount of fat)
Common cause of a woman having irregular menstrual cycles? - Answer Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
PCOS is most common
another term for delayed menarche - Answer Early (precocious puberty)
What are some "exaggerated symptoms" related to menstrual cycle? - Answer o Premenstrual
syndrome (PMS) or premenstrual dysphoric syndrome
o Abnormal variations in pain, amount, or frequency of bleeding
- Dysmenorrhea, Metrorrhagia or Menorrhagia
o Abnormal uterine bleeding
,Which hormone is released from the hypothalamus? - Answer Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
(GnRH)
Which two hormones are released from the anterior pituitary? - Answer Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
(FSH) & Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Which hormone is released primarily from the ovary? - Answer Estrogen
Which hormone is released by the corpus luteum? - Answer Progesterone
What are the three menstrual cycle phases? - Answer 1. HPO Cycle (Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian)
2. Ovarian cycle
3. Endometrial cycle
What does the HPO cycle do? - Answer Allows for hormonal positive and negative feedback loops
What are the two phases & functions of the Ovarian cycle? - Answer a. Ovulation: Occurs halfway
through the cycle
- Separates follicular and luteal subphases
b. Corpus Luteum: Temporary organ development in luteal phase from ruptured follicle each month
- If implantation occurs, corpus luteum remains and produces estrogen & progesterone
- If no implantation, then disintegrates » drop in hormones » menstruation
What are the 4 phases and functions of the Endometrial cycle? - Answer o Menstrual: bleeding,
shedding of the endometrium
o Proliferative: building up, endometrial surface restored
o Secretory: endometrium reaches thickness and becomes a suitable protective bed for a fertilized ovum
o Ischemic: blood supply is blocked and necrosis developed
In a 28 day cycle, when does ovulation occur? - Answer day 14
, How many long can sperm live up to? - Answer 5 days
How long can eggs live up to? - Answer 24 hours
When throughout the menstrual cycle does a woman's basal body temperature increase?
How much does it increase? - Answer BBT increases AFTER ovulation
increases 0.5-1 degrees
What is a sign that a woman's cycle is leading up to ovulation? - Answer Spinnbarkeit: Cervical mucus
leading up to ovulation is thin, milky to "egg white"
What does a positive ovulation predictor kit show? - Answer Surge in LH 24-36 hrs BEFORE ovulation
What is the cervical positioning during ovulation? - Answer Cervical positioning is slightly open and
positioned higher around ovulation
What are symptoms a woman may experience during ovulation? - Answer Increase in libido,
headaches, mittelschmerz (lower abdominal pain), ovulation spotting, improved productivity
· s/s tracked in natural family planning (NFP)/fertility awareness methods (FAM)
WHERE does the union of an egg & sperm occur & WHEN must it occur? - Answer in the outer third
fallopian tube (ampulla), must happen within 24 hours of ovulation
What occurs during the long trip from the ampulla to the uterus? - Answer Cleavage (Cell Replication)
o Blastomeres » morula (day 3) » blastocyst (day 4)
When & where doe implantation occur? - Answer Usually occurs at the top of the uterus (fundus) 6-10
days after ovulation
All Correct Answers.
What is the location and function of the fundus? - Answer The dome-shape at the top of the uterus
where uterine tubes enter the uterus.
- Longitudinal fibers of the outer myometrial layer are found in the fundus which assists in expelling the
fetus during the birthing process
Menarche: - Answer Onset of menses
Define Menstruation - Answer Periodic shedding of uterine lining due to hormones and absence of
fertilization following ovulation
How long is a normal menstruation cycle & what is the normal blood loss? - Answer Lasts 28 days +/- 2-
5; 3-6 days of bleeding with 20-80ml of blood loss; little to no premenstrual symptoms
Common cause of a woman not having a menstrual cycle? - Answer Genetic abnormalities or HPO
(hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian) irregularities (if patients are not eating, they need to have a certain
amount of fat)
Common cause of a woman having irregular menstrual cycles? - Answer Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
PCOS is most common
another term for delayed menarche - Answer Early (precocious puberty)
What are some "exaggerated symptoms" related to menstrual cycle? - Answer o Premenstrual
syndrome (PMS) or premenstrual dysphoric syndrome
o Abnormal variations in pain, amount, or frequency of bleeding
- Dysmenorrhea, Metrorrhagia or Menorrhagia
o Abnormal uterine bleeding
,Which hormone is released from the hypothalamus? - Answer Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
(GnRH)
Which two hormones are released from the anterior pituitary? - Answer Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
(FSH) & Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Which hormone is released primarily from the ovary? - Answer Estrogen
Which hormone is released by the corpus luteum? - Answer Progesterone
What are the three menstrual cycle phases? - Answer 1. HPO Cycle (Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian)
2. Ovarian cycle
3. Endometrial cycle
What does the HPO cycle do? - Answer Allows for hormonal positive and negative feedback loops
What are the two phases & functions of the Ovarian cycle? - Answer a. Ovulation: Occurs halfway
through the cycle
- Separates follicular and luteal subphases
b. Corpus Luteum: Temporary organ development in luteal phase from ruptured follicle each month
- If implantation occurs, corpus luteum remains and produces estrogen & progesterone
- If no implantation, then disintegrates » drop in hormones » menstruation
What are the 4 phases and functions of the Endometrial cycle? - Answer o Menstrual: bleeding,
shedding of the endometrium
o Proliferative: building up, endometrial surface restored
o Secretory: endometrium reaches thickness and becomes a suitable protective bed for a fertilized ovum
o Ischemic: blood supply is blocked and necrosis developed
In a 28 day cycle, when does ovulation occur? - Answer day 14
, How many long can sperm live up to? - Answer 5 days
How long can eggs live up to? - Answer 24 hours
When throughout the menstrual cycle does a woman's basal body temperature increase?
How much does it increase? - Answer BBT increases AFTER ovulation
increases 0.5-1 degrees
What is a sign that a woman's cycle is leading up to ovulation? - Answer Spinnbarkeit: Cervical mucus
leading up to ovulation is thin, milky to "egg white"
What does a positive ovulation predictor kit show? - Answer Surge in LH 24-36 hrs BEFORE ovulation
What is the cervical positioning during ovulation? - Answer Cervical positioning is slightly open and
positioned higher around ovulation
What are symptoms a woman may experience during ovulation? - Answer Increase in libido,
headaches, mittelschmerz (lower abdominal pain), ovulation spotting, improved productivity
· s/s tracked in natural family planning (NFP)/fertility awareness methods (FAM)
WHERE does the union of an egg & sperm occur & WHEN must it occur? - Answer in the outer third
fallopian tube (ampulla), must happen within 24 hours of ovulation
What occurs during the long trip from the ampulla to the uterus? - Answer Cleavage (Cell Replication)
o Blastomeres » morula (day 3) » blastocyst (day 4)
When & where doe implantation occur? - Answer Usually occurs at the top of the uterus (fundus) 6-10
days after ovulation
