Certainly! Below is a detailed and comprehensive essay on "Ethical and Legal Issues", designed to cover various aspects across multiple fields, such as healthcare, business, technology, and more. This essay aims to explore the core
dilemmas, legal considerations, and their implications in various sectors.---## Ethical and Legal Issues: An In-Depth ExplorationEthical and legal issues are crucial concerns that impact various aspects of human life. These issues ari
variety of fields, including medicine, law, business, technology, and politics, and they often intersect. While ethical concerns relate to what is morally right or wrong, legal concerns focus on what is permissible according to the law
society. As such, understanding these two domains is essential for navigating complex societal interactions, particularly in professional, corporate, and governmental settings.### 1. **Introduction to Ethical and Legal Issues**Ethi
law both serve as foundational principles that guide behavior and decision-making. Ethics refers to a system of moral principles or values that govern the conduct of individuals and groups. These principles often help people determin
is "right" or "wrong" in different situations. Law, on the other hand, is a system of rules that are created and enforced by institutions to regulate behavior, ensure order, and resolve disputes.Ethical dilemmas often arise when an individ
organization faces a situation in which different moral principles conflict, or where there is no clear "right" answer. Legal issues, meanwhile, come into play when actions conflict with established laws or legal norms. The challenge ar
balancing both ethical and legal considerations when making decisions.### 2. **Ethical Issues in Healthcare**Healthcare is one of the sectors where ethical and legal issues are particularly pronounced. Medical professionals regular
situations that require them to make complex decisions that not only have life-altering consequences for patients but also raise profound moral questions. These issues include:#### 2.1 **Patient Autonomy and Informed Consent**O
the fundamental ethical principles in healthcare is respect for patient autonomy—the right of patients to make decisions about their own bodies and medical treatments. This principle is enshrined in the legal concept of informed co
Informed consent requires healthcare providers to disclose all relevant information about the risks, benefits, and alternatives to a medical treatment or procedure, allowing patients to make informed decisions.However, challenges arise
patients are not fully capable of making informed decisions (e.g., due to age, mental illness, or language barriers). In such cases, ethical dilemmas can arise regarding whether a third party (e.g., a parent or guardian) should ma
decision on the patient’s behalf, and whether the legal framework supports such decisions.#### 2.2 **End-of-Life Decisions and Euthanasia**End-of-life care,
SOLUTION MANUAL FOR
Operations Management Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, 13th
Edition Heizer
Chapter 1-17
Chapter 1
Operations and Productivity
Background
Operations management has created industry giants. The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company‘s mission is to
provide an outstanding customer experience through a complete focus on quality management. UPS
operates trucks that run for 20 years because their drivers care. Disney has made a science of accurate
forecasts and queuing theory. Darden restaurants (Olive Garden and others) view operations as their
strategy for success. Frito-Lay dominates the snack market by keeping fresh snacks on the shelves with a
production process that converts raw materials into a bag of chips sitting in a grocery store in as little as a
day or two.
The importance of operations management can be highlighted early in the course with humorous videos
or stories about ―operations gone wrong.‖ Most people can share ―disaster‖ stories about poor experiences
that they have had dealing with companies.
It can be useful as well to spend some class time right away on the job market for operations management
majors, showing starting salaries and job titles compared to other business majors. It can also be helpful
to find an MBA program with a strong operations focus and display the starting salaries of those
graduates. (Such data are available on many MBA program websites.) Instructors can also share research
results showing that (1) more CEOs ―learn the ropes‖ by coming up through operations than any other
functional area, and (2) Chief Operating Officer salaries tend to be approximately 10% higher than the
salaries of the other ―Chiefs‖ (CFO, CMO, and CIO).
Videos from recent graduates who now work in some aspect of operations management are available in MyLab Operati
Management. These 2- to 4-minute video clips feature young professionals talking about their jobs in the gamut of O
functions—each tied to a specific chapter and accompanied by multiple-choice quizzes that may be assigned. Certainly! Below is a detail
comprehensive essay on "Ethical and Legal Issues", designed to cover various aspects across multiple fields, such as healthcare, business, technology, and more. This essay aims to explore the core ethical dilemmas, legal consider
and their implications in various sectors.---## Ethical and Legal Issues: An In-Depth ExplorationEthical and legal issues are crucial concerns that impact various aspects of human life. These issues arise in a variety of fields, inc
medicine, law, business, technology, and politics, and they often intersect. While ethical concerns relate to what is morally right or wrong, legal concerns focus on what is permissible according to the laws of a society. As
understanding these two domains is essential for navigating complex societal interactions, particularly in professional, corporate, and governmental settings.### 1. **Introduction to Ethical and Legal Issues**Ethics and law both se
foundational principles that guide behavior and decision-making. Ethics refers to a system of moral principles or values that govern the conduct of individuals and groups. These principles often help people determine what is "rig
"wrong" in different situations. Law, on the other hand, is a system of rules that are created and enforced by institutions to regulate behavior, ensure order, and resolve disputes.Ethical dilemmas often arise when an individ
organization faces a situation in which different moral principles conflict, or where there is no clear "right" answer. Legal issues, meanwhile, come into play when actions conflict with established laws or legal norms. The challenge ar
balancing both ethical and legal considerations when making decisions.### 2. **Ethical Issues in Healthcare**Healthcare is one of the sectors where ethical and legal issues are particularly pronounced. Medical professionals regular
situations that require them to make complex decisions that not only have life-altering consequences for patients but also raise profound moral questions. These issues include:#### 2.1 **Patient Autonomy and Informed Consent**
the fundamental ethical principles in healthcare is respect for patient autonomy—the right of patients to make decisions about their own bodies and medical treatments. This principle is enshrined in the legal concept of informed co
Informed consent requires healthcare providers to disclose all relevant information about the risks, benefits, and alternatives to a medical treatment or procedure, allowing patients to make informed decisions.However, challenges arise
patients are not fully capable of making informed decisions (e.g., due to age, mental illness, or language barriers). In such cases, ethical dilemmas can arise regarding whether a third party (e.g., a parent or guardian) should ma
decision on the patient’s behalf, and whether the legal framework supports such decisions.#### 2.2 **End-of-Life Decisions and Euthanasia**End-of-life care,
, Class Discussion Ideas
1. Choose an organization the students will be familiar with and ask them to identify and describe the
product of that organization. Direct the discussion to highlight the complex nature of the product
offerings of most organizations today where product and service elements are found to some degree
in almost all organizations.
2. Have the students choose a few different tasks or jobs and identify possible productivity measures
for these. They should describe how they would go about making the necessary measurements. Student
and faculty productivity are easy examples that can generate quite a bit of discussion. One possible way to
start the discussion is to ask whether grades or research output is an effective measure of student and
faculty productivity, respectively.Active Classroom Learning Exercises
1. Labor productivity is sometimes perceived to be driven by employee motivation. Have the students
split up into small groups to discuss effective ways to motivate hourly employees vs. salaried
managers. If productivity of these workers is below expectation, what are good and poor ways to try
to motivate them? What methods might work well with blue collar employees but not white collar
employees, and vice versa? What methods might work well in the short run but not in the long run,
and vice versa? Have each student group report its ideas to the whole class. (And if any group has
little to say, ask them what could have been done to motivate them to do better!)
2. Companies often locate in other countries to take advantage of low wage rates. However, the
difference in labor costs should be adjusted to account for productivity differences among the workers
in the two locations. One way to do this is to compute a ―relative wage rate‖ R of operating in another
country. Note that R is not the actual wage rate paid, but it is the hourly wage rate of operating in
another country relative to the home country, after taking productivity differences into account. If the
foreign country‘s workers are more productive, R will decrease, and vice versa. The formula is R =
(W ÷ X)(U ÷ F), where W = the foreign wage rate (in foreign currency per hour), X = the exchange
rate (in foreign currency per local currency), U = home country productivity (in units per hour), and F
= foreign country productivity (in units per hour).
A problem could be described as follows. Suppose that workers in Britain earn ₤10/hour. The
exchange rate with the U.S. is $1.5 per ₤1. American workers can produce 40 units per hour, while
British workers at a similar facility can produce 50 units per hour. If the U.S. wage rate is $14 per
hour, should the firm produce in the U.S. or in Britain?
Have the students try the exercise in class. They will probably analyze this problem by computing a
labor cost per unit in each country (35 cents vs. 30 cents). Then introduce the concept and formula for
relative wage rate (R = $12 in Britain). Both approaches are equally accurate, but using a relative
wage rate has political advantages, i.e., it seems easier to talk about one wage rate vs. another ($14 vs.
$12) as opposed to comparing costs per unit (35 cents vs. 30 cents).
3. A Class Exercise Relating Productivity and the Olympics (Guest Post by Howard Weiss)
https://heizerrenderom.wordpress.com/2014/02/17/guest-post-a-class-exercise-relating-productivity-and-
the-olympics/
might cover topics like accounting, finance, marketing, management, economics, entrepreneurship, and international business.1.2. Structure of Business ExamsBusiness exams are often a mix of theoretical knowledge a
practical application. Depending on the subject area, these exams can vary significantly in format. Common types of business exams include:Mult iple Choice Questions (MCQs): These are frequently used to assess stud
understanding of business terminology, theories, and principles.Case Studies: A staple of business exams, case studies present students with real-world business scenarios and ask them to apply their knowledge to solve
complex problems. Case studies evaluate students' ability to think critically and make strategic decisions.Essay/Short Answer Questions: These types of questions test the student’s ability to explain and analyze business
concepts in a detailed and coherent manner.1.3. Skills Tested in Business ExamsCritical Thinking and Problem-Solving: Business exams often include case studies that challenge students to apply theoretical knowledge
real-life situations. These tests assess decision-making skills, as well as the ability to evaluate various business alternatives.Quantitative Analysis: For subjects like finance or economics, business exams often require stu
to perform calculations and interpret data. The ability to analyze financial statements, project revenues, and manage budgets is essential.Communication and Writing Skills: Business exams may require students to prese
ideas clearly and concisely. Students must convey complex concepts in a way that demonstrates their understanding of business principles.1.4. Preparing for Business ExamsPreparing for business exams involves maste
both conceptual understanding and practical application. Students are encouraged to study theories and frameworks but also to keep up-to-
Copyright ©2020 Pearson Education, Inc.
, 4. A First Day of Class OM Exercise (Guest Post by Steven Harrod)
https://heizerrenderom.wordpress.com/2013/07/11/guest-post-a-first-day-of-class-om-exercise/
5. Certainly! Below is a detailed and comprehensive essay on "Ethical and Legal Issues", designed to cover various aspects across multiple fields, such as healthcare, business, technology, and more. This essay aims to e
the core ethicain professional, corporate, and governmental settings.### 1. **Introduction Company Videos
1. Frito-Lay: Operations Management in Manufacturing (7:11)
Frito-Lay, a subsidiary of PepsiCo, has over 40 product lines, seven of which having sales exceeding
$1 billion each. In this video, the textbook authors review the 10 OM strategy decisions and briefly describe how Frito-L
addresses each one. For example, the company is constantly innovating with new products. For quality assurance, it uses multi
inspection points both within and outside the factory, and it utilizes statistical process control. The plant applies a product fo
strategy, which is appropriate for a high-volume, low-variety producer. As raw materials are perishable and shelf life is relativ
short, plant location decisions are driven by proximity to raw materials or markets. The plant has low employee turno
driven by good benefits, respect for people, and a strong concern for safety and ergonomics. Inventory levels are quite low,
inventory is turned over 200 times per year. Potatoes are delivered 10 times per day. Schedules are driven by demand foreca
and adjusted for local events, such as the annual Daytona 500 auto race. All of these practices, along with excellent layout, sup
chain, and maintenance policies, have helped to make Frito-Lay the world‘s largest snack manufacturer. Certainly! Below is a detaile
comprehensive essay on "Ethical and Legal Issues", designed to cover various aspects across multiple fields, such as healthcare, business, technology, and more. This essay aims to explore the core ethical dilemmas, legal consider
and their implications in various sectors.---## Ethical and Legal Issues: An In-Depth ExplorationEthical and legal issues are crucial concerns that impact various aspects of human life. These issues arise in a variety of fields, inc
medicine, law, business, technology, and politics, and they often intersect. While ethical concerns relate to what is morally right or wrong, legal concerns focus on what is permissible according to the laws of a society. As
understanding these two domains is essential for navigating complex societal interactions, particularly in professional, corporate, and governmental settings.### 1. **Introduction to Ethical and Legal Issues**Ethics and law both se
foundational principles that guide behavior and decision-making. Ethics refers to a system of moral principles or values that govern the conduct of individuals and groups. These principles often help people determine what is "rig
"wrong" in different situations. Law, on the other hand, is a system of rules that are created and enforced by institutions to regulate behavior, ensure order, and resolve disputes.Ethical dilemmas often arise when an individ
organization faces a situation in which different moral principles conflict, or where there is no clear "right" answer. Legal issues, meanwhile, come into play when actions conflict with established laws or legal norms. The challenge ar
balancing both ethical and legal considerations when making decisions.### 2. **Ethical Issues in Healthcare**Healthcare is one of the sectors where ethical and legal issues are particularly pronounced. Medical professionals regular
situations that require them to make complex decisions that not only have life-altering consequences for patients but also raise profound moral questions. These issues include:#### 2.1 **Patient Autonomy and Informed Consent**
the fundamental ethical principles in healthcare is respect for patient autonomy—the right of patients to make decisions about their own bodies and medical treatments. This principle is enshrined in the legal concept of informed co
Informed consent requires healthcare providers to disclose all relevant information about the risks, benefits, and alternatives to a medical treatment or procedure, allowing patients to make informed decisions.However, challenges arise
patients are not fully capable of making informed decisions (e.g., due to age, mental illness, or language barriers). In such cases, ethical dilemmas can arise regarding whether a third party (e.g., a parent or guardian) should ma
decision on the patient’s behalf, and whether the legal framework supports such decisions.#### 2.2 **End-of-Life Decisions and Euthanasia**End-of-life care,
If the video is shown before the 10 OM decisions are covered, prior to showing the video, the
instructor could ask the students to list the major decisions that they think operations managers make.
Afterwards, the 10 decisions from the book can be compared to the students‘ lists. Then the instructor
can choose a different company, perhaps a service organization, with which students might be
familiar. The class could try to identify ways in which that organization addresses the 10 decisions
and perhaps compare those to some of Frito-Lay‘s tactics.
2. Hard Rock Cafe: Operations Management in Services (8:26)
Hard Rock is interesting because it‘s so much more than just a restaurant. Management speaks about
its ―experience strategy,‖ which, in addition to quality food, includes rock-and-roll memorabilia,
music, lighting, jovial staff, and a retail store. The video is sprinkled with scenes of happy employees
dancing around or volunteering in the community. Most of the video is spent covering how Hard
Rock Cafe approaches some of the 10 operations management decisions. For example: (1) scheduling
is driven by forecasts that are based on prior sales, seasonality, recent trends, and current local events;
(2) cafe layout focuses on maximizing the customer experience and driving customers toward
revenue-generating activities; and (3) inventory management goes well beyond the inventory of food
and retail items—Hard Rock has a $40 million inventory of rock-and-roll memorabilia to manage,
and each restaurant goes through a complete changeover of memorabilia every 5-7 years.
Certainly! Below is a detailed and comprehensive essay on "Ethical and Legal Issues", designed to cover various aspects across multiple fields, such as healthcare, business, technology, and more. This essay aims to explore the core
dilemmas, legal considerations
As an entertaining piece and one that covers a variety of OM decisions, this is certainly a good video
to show early in the course when discussing Chapter 1. Many students will have eaten at a Hard Rock
Cafe themselves, and most should enjoy seeing memorabilia from rock stars such as Madonna and
KISS. This is also a good way, early in the course, to show that operations management is just as
important in services as it is in manufacturing. Prior to showing the video, the instructor might ask the
students to think about the 10 OM decisions and how Hard Rock approaches them. Afterwards,
discussion might revolve around aspects of those decisions that are unique to service businesses in
general and then to Hard Rock Cafe in particular. Two clear differences about Hard Rock Cafe itself
are: (1) because of and contributing to such successful branding, the cafe‘s retail sales (shirts, etc.)
account for nearly the same amount of revenue as the main product (the food) itself; and (2) the
management of the memorabilia around the world represents a unique and extremely important
, management effort on its own.
Certainly! Below is a detailed and comprehensive essay on "Ethical and Legal Issues", designed to cover various aspects across multiple fields, such as healthcare, business, technology, and more. This essay aims to explore the core
dilemmas, legal considerations, and their implications in
3. Celebrity Cruises: Operations Management at Sea (6:39)
A Celebrity Cruise ship is a floating ―city on the sea,‖ with a world-class hotel sitting on top of a
power plant. This video describes how the 10 OM decisions affect the outcome of every voyage.
Celebrity must manage both shoreline and marine operations. The design decision includes numerous
features, including the physical ship itself, the food, and shore excursions. The floating city houses
tens of thousands of SKUs, which must be loaded quickly when the ship is docked and meticulously
managed to have everything in place when needed. The maintenance decision is especially important
for a cruise ship because human lives are at stake and mechanical problems could ruin a voyage.
Celebrity ships undergo complete dry-dock maintenance every 2–5 years. The international crews
stay with the company for an impressive 5–7 years, which no doubt contributes heavily to Celebrity‘s
quality image, including being named the Best Premium Cruise line for 9 consecutive years.
Certainly! Below is a detailed and comprehensive essay on "Ethical and Legal Issues", designed to cover various aspects across multiple fields, such as healthcare, business, technology, and more. This essay aims to explore the core
dilemmas, legal
Prior to showing the video, instructors might ask students to list all of the different types of decisions
that they think operations managers of a cruise line would need to make, both in the corporate office
for all of their ships as well as for an individual cruise on a specific ship. Afterwards, it could be
interesting to compare the aggregate student responses to the 10 OM decisions, placing special
emphasis on the decisions that students didn‘t identify. As with most any service business, employees
can make all the difference. Class discussion could revolve around Celebrity‘s impressively low
turnover rate. How can the firm attract and retain the best talent? How can management ensure a
constantly friendly staff? What types of general training should all staff undergo when first hired?
might cover topics like accounting, finance, marketing, management, economics, entrepreneurship, and international business.1.2. Structure of Business ExamsBusiness exams are often a
mix of theoretical knowledge and practical application. Depending on the subject area, these exams can vary significantly in format. Common types of business exams include:Multiple
Choice Questions (MCQs): These are frequently used to assess students’ understanding of business terminology, theories, and principles.Case Studies: A staple of business exams, case
studies present students with real-world business scenarios and ask them to apply their knowledge to solve complex problems. Case studies evaluate students' ability to think critically and
make strategic decisions.Essay/Short Answer Questions: These types of questions test the student’s ability to explain and analyze business concepts in a detailed and coherent manner.1.3.
Skills Tested in Business ExamsCritical Thinking and Problem-Solving: Business exams often include case studies that challenge students to apply theoretical knowledge to real-life
situations. These tests assess decision-making skills, as well as the ability to evaluate various business alternatives.Quantitative Analysis: For subjects like finance or economics, business
exams often require students to perform calculations and interpret data. The ability to analyze financial statements, project revenues, and manage budgets is essential.Communication and
Writing Skills: Business exams may require students to present ideas clearly and concisely. Students must convey complex concepts in a way that demonstrates their understanding of
business principles.1.4. Preparing for Business ExamsPreparing for business exams involves mastering both conceptual understanding and practical application. Students are encouraged
to study theories and frameworks but also to keep up-to-
Cinematic Ticklers
1. Fawlty Towers: ―Waldorf Salad‖ (John Cleese and Prunella Scales), CBS/FOX VIDEO, 1986 (1979)
This can actually be the first thing done in class all semester. The very start of the episode contains a
funny scene about suppertime in the dining room of a bed and breakfast in England. The owners and
staff make numerous errors. A class discussion can directly follow, listing what went well (almost
nothing) and what didn‘t (many things). This clip can start a course off well because: (1) it‘s a very
easy way to create an atmosphere of student participation right away in the course because identifying
poor operations is easy in this clip, (2) it emphasizes right away that operations management applies
to services, not just manufacturing, and (3) it‘s a fun way to begin a course.
2. The Simpsons, Season 7: ―King-Size Homer,‖ 20th Century Fox Video, 2006 (1995-1996)
Homer gets so fat that he is allowed to work from home. He realizes that he can triple his productivity
by just pressing ―Y‖ on his computer instead of typing ―YES.‖
3. The Simpsons, Season 8: ―You Only Move Twice,‖ 20th Century Fox Video, 2006 (1996-1997)
Homer gets a new job working for a James Bond-like villain. He is put in charge of a set of three
workers. It‘s his job to motivate them. As they type along, Homer asks if they are working. ―Yes,‖
they reply. ―Can you work any faster than that?‖ he asks. ―Sure thing, Mr. Simpson,‖ they say, as
they start typing faster. (If only motivation were that easy.)
4. Modern Times (Charlie Chaplin), CBS/FOX VIDEO, 1992 (1936)
The movie deals with worker alienation in an assembly line environment and offers an interesting
Copyright ©2020 Pearson Education, Inc.
dilemmas, legal considerations, and their implications in various sectors.---## Ethical and Legal Issues: An In-Depth ExplorationEthical and legal issues are crucial concerns that impact various aspects of human life. These issues ari
variety of fields, including medicine, law, business, technology, and politics, and they often intersect. While ethical concerns relate to what is morally right or wrong, legal concerns focus on what is permissible according to the law
society. As such, understanding these two domains is essential for navigating complex societal interactions, particularly in professional, corporate, and governmental settings.### 1. **Introduction to Ethical and Legal Issues**Ethi
law both serve as foundational principles that guide behavior and decision-making. Ethics refers to a system of moral principles or values that govern the conduct of individuals and groups. These principles often help people determin
is "right" or "wrong" in different situations. Law, on the other hand, is a system of rules that are created and enforced by institutions to regulate behavior, ensure order, and resolve disputes.Ethical dilemmas often arise when an individ
organization faces a situation in which different moral principles conflict, or where there is no clear "right" answer. Legal issues, meanwhile, come into play when actions conflict with established laws or legal norms. The challenge ar
balancing both ethical and legal considerations when making decisions.### 2. **Ethical Issues in Healthcare**Healthcare is one of the sectors where ethical and legal issues are particularly pronounced. Medical professionals regular
situations that require them to make complex decisions that not only have life-altering consequences for patients but also raise profound moral questions. These issues include:#### 2.1 **Patient Autonomy and Informed Consent**O
the fundamental ethical principles in healthcare is respect for patient autonomy—the right of patients to make decisions about their own bodies and medical treatments. This principle is enshrined in the legal concept of informed co
Informed consent requires healthcare providers to disclose all relevant information about the risks, benefits, and alternatives to a medical treatment or procedure, allowing patients to make informed decisions.However, challenges arise
patients are not fully capable of making informed decisions (e.g., due to age, mental illness, or language barriers). In such cases, ethical dilemmas can arise regarding whether a third party (e.g., a parent or guardian) should ma
decision on the patient’s behalf, and whether the legal framework supports such decisions.#### 2.2 **End-of-Life Decisions and Euthanasia**End-of-life care,
SOLUTION MANUAL FOR
Operations Management Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, 13th
Edition Heizer
Chapter 1-17
Chapter 1
Operations and Productivity
Background
Operations management has created industry giants. The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company‘s mission is to
provide an outstanding customer experience through a complete focus on quality management. UPS
operates trucks that run for 20 years because their drivers care. Disney has made a science of accurate
forecasts and queuing theory. Darden restaurants (Olive Garden and others) view operations as their
strategy for success. Frito-Lay dominates the snack market by keeping fresh snacks on the shelves with a
production process that converts raw materials into a bag of chips sitting in a grocery store in as little as a
day or two.
The importance of operations management can be highlighted early in the course with humorous videos
or stories about ―operations gone wrong.‖ Most people can share ―disaster‖ stories about poor experiences
that they have had dealing with companies.
It can be useful as well to spend some class time right away on the job market for operations management
majors, showing starting salaries and job titles compared to other business majors. It can also be helpful
to find an MBA program with a strong operations focus and display the starting salaries of those
graduates. (Such data are available on many MBA program websites.) Instructors can also share research
results showing that (1) more CEOs ―learn the ropes‖ by coming up through operations than any other
functional area, and (2) Chief Operating Officer salaries tend to be approximately 10% higher than the
salaries of the other ―Chiefs‖ (CFO, CMO, and CIO).
Videos from recent graduates who now work in some aspect of operations management are available in MyLab Operati
Management. These 2- to 4-minute video clips feature young professionals talking about their jobs in the gamut of O
functions—each tied to a specific chapter and accompanied by multiple-choice quizzes that may be assigned. Certainly! Below is a detail
comprehensive essay on "Ethical and Legal Issues", designed to cover various aspects across multiple fields, such as healthcare, business, technology, and more. This essay aims to explore the core ethical dilemmas, legal consider
and their implications in various sectors.---## Ethical and Legal Issues: An In-Depth ExplorationEthical and legal issues are crucial concerns that impact various aspects of human life. These issues arise in a variety of fields, inc
medicine, law, business, technology, and politics, and they often intersect. While ethical concerns relate to what is morally right or wrong, legal concerns focus on what is permissible according to the laws of a society. As
understanding these two domains is essential for navigating complex societal interactions, particularly in professional, corporate, and governmental settings.### 1. **Introduction to Ethical and Legal Issues**Ethics and law both se
foundational principles that guide behavior and decision-making. Ethics refers to a system of moral principles or values that govern the conduct of individuals and groups. These principles often help people determine what is "rig
"wrong" in different situations. Law, on the other hand, is a system of rules that are created and enforced by institutions to regulate behavior, ensure order, and resolve disputes.Ethical dilemmas often arise when an individ
organization faces a situation in which different moral principles conflict, or where there is no clear "right" answer. Legal issues, meanwhile, come into play when actions conflict with established laws or legal norms. The challenge ar
balancing both ethical and legal considerations when making decisions.### 2. **Ethical Issues in Healthcare**Healthcare is one of the sectors where ethical and legal issues are particularly pronounced. Medical professionals regular
situations that require them to make complex decisions that not only have life-altering consequences for patients but also raise profound moral questions. These issues include:#### 2.1 **Patient Autonomy and Informed Consent**
the fundamental ethical principles in healthcare is respect for patient autonomy—the right of patients to make decisions about their own bodies and medical treatments. This principle is enshrined in the legal concept of informed co
Informed consent requires healthcare providers to disclose all relevant information about the risks, benefits, and alternatives to a medical treatment or procedure, allowing patients to make informed decisions.However, challenges arise
patients are not fully capable of making informed decisions (e.g., due to age, mental illness, or language barriers). In such cases, ethical dilemmas can arise regarding whether a third party (e.g., a parent or guardian) should ma
decision on the patient’s behalf, and whether the legal framework supports such decisions.#### 2.2 **End-of-Life Decisions and Euthanasia**End-of-life care,
, Class Discussion Ideas
1. Choose an organization the students will be familiar with and ask them to identify and describe the
product of that organization. Direct the discussion to highlight the complex nature of the product
offerings of most organizations today where product and service elements are found to some degree
in almost all organizations.
2. Have the students choose a few different tasks or jobs and identify possible productivity measures
for these. They should describe how they would go about making the necessary measurements. Student
and faculty productivity are easy examples that can generate quite a bit of discussion. One possible way to
start the discussion is to ask whether grades or research output is an effective measure of student and
faculty productivity, respectively.Active Classroom Learning Exercises
1. Labor productivity is sometimes perceived to be driven by employee motivation. Have the students
split up into small groups to discuss effective ways to motivate hourly employees vs. salaried
managers. If productivity of these workers is below expectation, what are good and poor ways to try
to motivate them? What methods might work well with blue collar employees but not white collar
employees, and vice versa? What methods might work well in the short run but not in the long run,
and vice versa? Have each student group report its ideas to the whole class. (And if any group has
little to say, ask them what could have been done to motivate them to do better!)
2. Companies often locate in other countries to take advantage of low wage rates. However, the
difference in labor costs should be adjusted to account for productivity differences among the workers
in the two locations. One way to do this is to compute a ―relative wage rate‖ R of operating in another
country. Note that R is not the actual wage rate paid, but it is the hourly wage rate of operating in
another country relative to the home country, after taking productivity differences into account. If the
foreign country‘s workers are more productive, R will decrease, and vice versa. The formula is R =
(W ÷ X)(U ÷ F), where W = the foreign wage rate (in foreign currency per hour), X = the exchange
rate (in foreign currency per local currency), U = home country productivity (in units per hour), and F
= foreign country productivity (in units per hour).
A problem could be described as follows. Suppose that workers in Britain earn ₤10/hour. The
exchange rate with the U.S. is $1.5 per ₤1. American workers can produce 40 units per hour, while
British workers at a similar facility can produce 50 units per hour. If the U.S. wage rate is $14 per
hour, should the firm produce in the U.S. or in Britain?
Have the students try the exercise in class. They will probably analyze this problem by computing a
labor cost per unit in each country (35 cents vs. 30 cents). Then introduce the concept and formula for
relative wage rate (R = $12 in Britain). Both approaches are equally accurate, but using a relative
wage rate has political advantages, i.e., it seems easier to talk about one wage rate vs. another ($14 vs.
$12) as opposed to comparing costs per unit (35 cents vs. 30 cents).
3. A Class Exercise Relating Productivity and the Olympics (Guest Post by Howard Weiss)
https://heizerrenderom.wordpress.com/2014/02/17/guest-post-a-class-exercise-relating-productivity-and-
the-olympics/
might cover topics like accounting, finance, marketing, management, economics, entrepreneurship, and international business.1.2. Structure of Business ExamsBusiness exams are often a mix of theoretical knowledge a
practical application. Depending on the subject area, these exams can vary significantly in format. Common types of business exams include:Mult iple Choice Questions (MCQs): These are frequently used to assess stud
understanding of business terminology, theories, and principles.Case Studies: A staple of business exams, case studies present students with real-world business scenarios and ask them to apply their knowledge to solve
complex problems. Case studies evaluate students' ability to think critically and make strategic decisions.Essay/Short Answer Questions: These types of questions test the student’s ability to explain and analyze business
concepts in a detailed and coherent manner.1.3. Skills Tested in Business ExamsCritical Thinking and Problem-Solving: Business exams often include case studies that challenge students to apply theoretical knowledge
real-life situations. These tests assess decision-making skills, as well as the ability to evaluate various business alternatives.Quantitative Analysis: For subjects like finance or economics, business exams often require stu
to perform calculations and interpret data. The ability to analyze financial statements, project revenues, and manage budgets is essential.Communication and Writing Skills: Business exams may require students to prese
ideas clearly and concisely. Students must convey complex concepts in a way that demonstrates their understanding of business principles.1.4. Preparing for Business ExamsPreparing for business exams involves maste
both conceptual understanding and practical application. Students are encouraged to study theories and frameworks but also to keep up-to-
Copyright ©2020 Pearson Education, Inc.
, 4. A First Day of Class OM Exercise (Guest Post by Steven Harrod)
https://heizerrenderom.wordpress.com/2013/07/11/guest-post-a-first-day-of-class-om-exercise/
5. Certainly! Below is a detailed and comprehensive essay on "Ethical and Legal Issues", designed to cover various aspects across multiple fields, such as healthcare, business, technology, and more. This essay aims to e
the core ethicain professional, corporate, and governmental settings.### 1. **Introduction Company Videos
1. Frito-Lay: Operations Management in Manufacturing (7:11)
Frito-Lay, a subsidiary of PepsiCo, has over 40 product lines, seven of which having sales exceeding
$1 billion each. In this video, the textbook authors review the 10 OM strategy decisions and briefly describe how Frito-L
addresses each one. For example, the company is constantly innovating with new products. For quality assurance, it uses multi
inspection points both within and outside the factory, and it utilizes statistical process control. The plant applies a product fo
strategy, which is appropriate for a high-volume, low-variety producer. As raw materials are perishable and shelf life is relativ
short, plant location decisions are driven by proximity to raw materials or markets. The plant has low employee turno
driven by good benefits, respect for people, and a strong concern for safety and ergonomics. Inventory levels are quite low,
inventory is turned over 200 times per year. Potatoes are delivered 10 times per day. Schedules are driven by demand foreca
and adjusted for local events, such as the annual Daytona 500 auto race. All of these practices, along with excellent layout, sup
chain, and maintenance policies, have helped to make Frito-Lay the world‘s largest snack manufacturer. Certainly! Below is a detaile
comprehensive essay on "Ethical and Legal Issues", designed to cover various aspects across multiple fields, such as healthcare, business, technology, and more. This essay aims to explore the core ethical dilemmas, legal consider
and their implications in various sectors.---## Ethical and Legal Issues: An In-Depth ExplorationEthical and legal issues are crucial concerns that impact various aspects of human life. These issues arise in a variety of fields, inc
medicine, law, business, technology, and politics, and they often intersect. While ethical concerns relate to what is morally right or wrong, legal concerns focus on what is permissible according to the laws of a society. As
understanding these two domains is essential for navigating complex societal interactions, particularly in professional, corporate, and governmental settings.### 1. **Introduction to Ethical and Legal Issues**Ethics and law both se
foundational principles that guide behavior and decision-making. Ethics refers to a system of moral principles or values that govern the conduct of individuals and groups. These principles often help people determine what is "rig
"wrong" in different situations. Law, on the other hand, is a system of rules that are created and enforced by institutions to regulate behavior, ensure order, and resolve disputes.Ethical dilemmas often arise when an individ
organization faces a situation in which different moral principles conflict, or where there is no clear "right" answer. Legal issues, meanwhile, come into play when actions conflict with established laws or legal norms. The challenge ar
balancing both ethical and legal considerations when making decisions.### 2. **Ethical Issues in Healthcare**Healthcare is one of the sectors where ethical and legal issues are particularly pronounced. Medical professionals regular
situations that require them to make complex decisions that not only have life-altering consequences for patients but also raise profound moral questions. These issues include:#### 2.1 **Patient Autonomy and Informed Consent**
the fundamental ethical principles in healthcare is respect for patient autonomy—the right of patients to make decisions about their own bodies and medical treatments. This principle is enshrined in the legal concept of informed co
Informed consent requires healthcare providers to disclose all relevant information about the risks, benefits, and alternatives to a medical treatment or procedure, allowing patients to make informed decisions.However, challenges arise
patients are not fully capable of making informed decisions (e.g., due to age, mental illness, or language barriers). In such cases, ethical dilemmas can arise regarding whether a third party (e.g., a parent or guardian) should ma
decision on the patient’s behalf, and whether the legal framework supports such decisions.#### 2.2 **End-of-Life Decisions and Euthanasia**End-of-life care,
If the video is shown before the 10 OM decisions are covered, prior to showing the video, the
instructor could ask the students to list the major decisions that they think operations managers make.
Afterwards, the 10 decisions from the book can be compared to the students‘ lists. Then the instructor
can choose a different company, perhaps a service organization, with which students might be
familiar. The class could try to identify ways in which that organization addresses the 10 decisions
and perhaps compare those to some of Frito-Lay‘s tactics.
2. Hard Rock Cafe: Operations Management in Services (8:26)
Hard Rock is interesting because it‘s so much more than just a restaurant. Management speaks about
its ―experience strategy,‖ which, in addition to quality food, includes rock-and-roll memorabilia,
music, lighting, jovial staff, and a retail store. The video is sprinkled with scenes of happy employees
dancing around or volunteering in the community. Most of the video is spent covering how Hard
Rock Cafe approaches some of the 10 operations management decisions. For example: (1) scheduling
is driven by forecasts that are based on prior sales, seasonality, recent trends, and current local events;
(2) cafe layout focuses on maximizing the customer experience and driving customers toward
revenue-generating activities; and (3) inventory management goes well beyond the inventory of food
and retail items—Hard Rock has a $40 million inventory of rock-and-roll memorabilia to manage,
and each restaurant goes through a complete changeover of memorabilia every 5-7 years.
Certainly! Below is a detailed and comprehensive essay on "Ethical and Legal Issues", designed to cover various aspects across multiple fields, such as healthcare, business, technology, and more. This essay aims to explore the core
dilemmas, legal considerations
As an entertaining piece and one that covers a variety of OM decisions, this is certainly a good video
to show early in the course when discussing Chapter 1. Many students will have eaten at a Hard Rock
Cafe themselves, and most should enjoy seeing memorabilia from rock stars such as Madonna and
KISS. This is also a good way, early in the course, to show that operations management is just as
important in services as it is in manufacturing. Prior to showing the video, the instructor might ask the
students to think about the 10 OM decisions and how Hard Rock approaches them. Afterwards,
discussion might revolve around aspects of those decisions that are unique to service businesses in
general and then to Hard Rock Cafe in particular. Two clear differences about Hard Rock Cafe itself
are: (1) because of and contributing to such successful branding, the cafe‘s retail sales (shirts, etc.)
account for nearly the same amount of revenue as the main product (the food) itself; and (2) the
management of the memorabilia around the world represents a unique and extremely important
, management effort on its own.
Certainly! Below is a detailed and comprehensive essay on "Ethical and Legal Issues", designed to cover various aspects across multiple fields, such as healthcare, business, technology, and more. This essay aims to explore the core
dilemmas, legal considerations, and their implications in
3. Celebrity Cruises: Operations Management at Sea (6:39)
A Celebrity Cruise ship is a floating ―city on the sea,‖ with a world-class hotel sitting on top of a
power plant. This video describes how the 10 OM decisions affect the outcome of every voyage.
Celebrity must manage both shoreline and marine operations. The design decision includes numerous
features, including the physical ship itself, the food, and shore excursions. The floating city houses
tens of thousands of SKUs, which must be loaded quickly when the ship is docked and meticulously
managed to have everything in place when needed. The maintenance decision is especially important
for a cruise ship because human lives are at stake and mechanical problems could ruin a voyage.
Celebrity ships undergo complete dry-dock maintenance every 2–5 years. The international crews
stay with the company for an impressive 5–7 years, which no doubt contributes heavily to Celebrity‘s
quality image, including being named the Best Premium Cruise line for 9 consecutive years.
Certainly! Below is a detailed and comprehensive essay on "Ethical and Legal Issues", designed to cover various aspects across multiple fields, such as healthcare, business, technology, and more. This essay aims to explore the core
dilemmas, legal
Prior to showing the video, instructors might ask students to list all of the different types of decisions
that they think operations managers of a cruise line would need to make, both in the corporate office
for all of their ships as well as for an individual cruise on a specific ship. Afterwards, it could be
interesting to compare the aggregate student responses to the 10 OM decisions, placing special
emphasis on the decisions that students didn‘t identify. As with most any service business, employees
can make all the difference. Class discussion could revolve around Celebrity‘s impressively low
turnover rate. How can the firm attract and retain the best talent? How can management ensure a
constantly friendly staff? What types of general training should all staff undergo when first hired?
might cover topics like accounting, finance, marketing, management, economics, entrepreneurship, and international business.1.2. Structure of Business ExamsBusiness exams are often a
mix of theoretical knowledge and practical application. Depending on the subject area, these exams can vary significantly in format. Common types of business exams include:Multiple
Choice Questions (MCQs): These are frequently used to assess students’ understanding of business terminology, theories, and principles.Case Studies: A staple of business exams, case
studies present students with real-world business scenarios and ask them to apply their knowledge to solve complex problems. Case studies evaluate students' ability to think critically and
make strategic decisions.Essay/Short Answer Questions: These types of questions test the student’s ability to explain and analyze business concepts in a detailed and coherent manner.1.3.
Skills Tested in Business ExamsCritical Thinking and Problem-Solving: Business exams often include case studies that challenge students to apply theoretical knowledge to real-life
situations. These tests assess decision-making skills, as well as the ability to evaluate various business alternatives.Quantitative Analysis: For subjects like finance or economics, business
exams often require students to perform calculations and interpret data. The ability to analyze financial statements, project revenues, and manage budgets is essential.Communication and
Writing Skills: Business exams may require students to present ideas clearly and concisely. Students must convey complex concepts in a way that demonstrates their understanding of
business principles.1.4. Preparing for Business ExamsPreparing for business exams involves mastering both conceptual understanding and practical application. Students are encouraged
to study theories and frameworks but also to keep up-to-
Cinematic Ticklers
1. Fawlty Towers: ―Waldorf Salad‖ (John Cleese and Prunella Scales), CBS/FOX VIDEO, 1986 (1979)
This can actually be the first thing done in class all semester. The very start of the episode contains a
funny scene about suppertime in the dining room of a bed and breakfast in England. The owners and
staff make numerous errors. A class discussion can directly follow, listing what went well (almost
nothing) and what didn‘t (many things). This clip can start a course off well because: (1) it‘s a very
easy way to create an atmosphere of student participation right away in the course because identifying
poor operations is easy in this clip, (2) it emphasizes right away that operations management applies
to services, not just manufacturing, and (3) it‘s a fun way to begin a course.
2. The Simpsons, Season 7: ―King-Size Homer,‖ 20th Century Fox Video, 2006 (1995-1996)
Homer gets so fat that he is allowed to work from home. He realizes that he can triple his productivity
by just pressing ―Y‖ on his computer instead of typing ―YES.‖
3. The Simpsons, Season 8: ―You Only Move Twice,‖ 20th Century Fox Video, 2006 (1996-1997)
Homer gets a new job working for a James Bond-like villain. He is put in charge of a set of three
workers. It‘s his job to motivate them. As they type along, Homer asks if they are working. ―Yes,‖
they reply. ―Can you work any faster than that?‖ he asks. ―Sure thing, Mr. Simpson,‖ they say, as
they start typing faster. (If only motivation were that easy.)
4. Modern Times (Charlie Chaplin), CBS/FOX VIDEO, 1992 (1936)
The movie deals with worker alienation in an assembly line environment and offers an interesting
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