, Nelson Pediatrics Review(MCQs) 19 Edition jj jj jj jj
1. Which of the following statements regarding foster care is true?
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
□A permanency plan must be made for a child in foster care no later than 12 mo from the child's entry into care
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
□A minority of children in foster care have a history of abuse or neglect
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
□The mission of foster care is to safely care for children while providing services to families to promote reunification
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
□Most (>70%) of children in foster care are reunited with their families
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
■ A and C jj jj
description The mission of foster care is to provide for the health, safety, and well-being of children while assisting their
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
families with services to promote reunification. Children entering foster care have frequently experienced early childhood
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
trauma. More than 70% have a history of abuse, neglect, or both. Only about 50% of children achieve reunification. In the
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
USA, the Adoption and Safe Families Act (P.L. 105-89) passed in 1997 requires that a permanencyplan be made for each
jj j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j jj
child no later than 12 mo after entry to foster care and that a petition to terminate parental rights typically must be filed when a
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
child has been in foster care for at least 15 of the previous 22 mo. (See Chapter 35, page 134, and e35-1.)
jj jj j j jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj j jj j j jj j
2. A 4 yr old girl is admitted to the hospital for her third evaluation for vaginal bleeding. The
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
mother noted bright red blood on the child's underwear. Previous examinations revealed a
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
normal 4 yr old girl,Tanner stage 1, with normalexternal genitalia. Pelvic ultrasound results were
jj j j j j j j j j j j jj j j j jj
normal, as was the serum estradiol level. The hemoglobin and platelet counts were normal, as
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
were the bleeding time and coagulation studies. Findings on pelvic examination conducted
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
under anesthesia also were normal. The next step in the examination is to:
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
■ Determine the blood type of the blood on the underwear jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
□Interrogate the father jj jj
□Isolate the parents and child jj jj jj jj
□Determine j j von Willebrand factor levels
jj jj jj
, □Measure fibronectin jj jj in the vagina jj jj
description Consideration of factitious disorder by proxy should be triggered when the reported symptoms are repeatedly
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
noted by only one parent, appropriate testing fails to confirm a diagnosis, and seemingly appropriate treatment is ineffective.
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
At times, the child's symptoms, their course, or the response to treatment may be incompatible with any recognized disease.
j j jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
j Preverbal children are usually involved. Bleeding is a particularly common presentation. This may be caused by adding dyes
j jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
to samples, adding blood (e.g., from the mother) to the child's sample, or giving the child an anticoagulant (e.g., warfarin). (See
j j jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
Chapter 37, page 146.)
jj jj jj jj
3. Munchausen syndrome by proxy is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT: jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
□Mother who appears devoted and wins over members of care team
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
□Multiple hospitalizations jj jj and investigations without diagnosis
jj jj jj
□Symptoms on history but not witnessed by medical team jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
■ Symptoms occurring in presence of different caregivers (e.g., while mother is out of town)
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
□Use of medications or toxins
jj jj jj jj
description Symptoms in young children are mostly associated with proximity of the offending caregiver to the child. The
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
mother may present as a devoted or even model parent who forms close relationships with members of the health care team.
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
While appearing very interested in her child's condition, she may be relatively distant emotionally. (See Chapter 37, page
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
146.)
jj
4. Which statement is false? jj jj jj
■ Malnutrition is the second leading cause of acquired immune deficiency worldwide behind HIV infection
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
□Zinc is important in immune function and linear growth
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
□Kwashiorkor and marasmus are rare in developed countries jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
□The Western diet is associated with increased noncommunicable disease
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
description The significant global burden of malnutrition and undernutrition is the leading worldwide cause of acquired
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
immunodeficiency and the major underlying factor for morbidity and mortality globally for children <5 yr of age. Zinc is a
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
micronutrient that supports multiple metabolic functions in the body, is essential for normal immune functioning, and is
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
required to support linear growth; zinc deficiency is associated with impaired immune functioning and poor linear growth. In
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
parallel to the risk for nutrient and energy deficiencies, issues relating to excesses pose important challenges because of their
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
negative healtheffects, suchas obesityor cardiovascular disease risk factors.Thenutrition transition under wayinthe
jj j j j j j j jj jj j j j j j j j j j
, developing world from traditional diets to the Western diet has been associated with increases in noncommunicable diseases,
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
often coexisting with undernutrition and malnutrition, observed sometimes in the same communities or even the same
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
families. (See e41-1.)
jj jj jj
5. Components of energy expenditure in children include: jj jj jj jj jj jj
□Thermal effect of food jj jj jj
□Basal metabolic rate jj jj
□Energy for physical activity jj jj jj
□Energy to support jj jj jj growth
■ All of the above jj jj jj
description The 3 components of energy expenditure in adults are the basal metabolic rate, the thermal effect of food
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj j
(energy required for digestion and absorption), and energy for physical activity. Additional energy intake and expenditure are
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
required to support growth and development for children. (See e41-4.)
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
6. Which of the following clinical scenarios increases the risk of vitamin A deficiency?
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
□Vegetarian diet jj
□Chronic intestinal disorders jj jj
□Zinc jj deficiency
■ B and C
jj jj
□All of the above jj jj jj
description Vitamin A is an essential micronutrient because it cannot be biogenerated de novo by animals. It must be
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
obtained from plants in the form of provitamin-A carotenoids. In the USA, grains and vegetables supply approximately
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
55% and dairyand meat products supplyapproximately 30% of vitamin A intake from food. Vitamin A and the provitamins-
jj j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j jj
A are fat soluble, and their absorption depends on the presence of adequate lipid and protein within the meal. Chronic
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj j j
intestinal disorders or lipid malabsorption syndromes can result in vitamin A deficiency. In developing countries, subclinical
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
or clinical zinc deficiency can increase the risk of vitamin A deficiency. There is also some evidence of marginal zinc intakes
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
in children in the USA. (See Chapter 45, page 188.)
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
7. Which statement about vitamin A toxicity is NOT true? jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
1. Which of the following statements regarding foster care is true?
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
□A permanency plan must be made for a child in foster care no later than 12 mo from the child's entry into care
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
□A minority of children in foster care have a history of abuse or neglect
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
□The mission of foster care is to safely care for children while providing services to families to promote reunification
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
□Most (>70%) of children in foster care are reunited with their families
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
■ A and C jj jj
description The mission of foster care is to provide for the health, safety, and well-being of children while assisting their
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
families with services to promote reunification. Children entering foster care have frequently experienced early childhood
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
trauma. More than 70% have a history of abuse, neglect, or both. Only about 50% of children achieve reunification. In the
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
USA, the Adoption and Safe Families Act (P.L. 105-89) passed in 1997 requires that a permanencyplan be made for each
jj j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j jj
child no later than 12 mo after entry to foster care and that a petition to terminate parental rights typically must be filed when a
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
child has been in foster care for at least 15 of the previous 22 mo. (See Chapter 35, page 134, and e35-1.)
jj jj j j jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj j jj j j jj j
2. A 4 yr old girl is admitted to the hospital for her third evaluation for vaginal bleeding. The
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
mother noted bright red blood on the child's underwear. Previous examinations revealed a
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
normal 4 yr old girl,Tanner stage 1, with normalexternal genitalia. Pelvic ultrasound results were
jj j j j j j j j j j j jj j j j jj
normal, as was the serum estradiol level. The hemoglobin and platelet counts were normal, as
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
were the bleeding time and coagulation studies. Findings on pelvic examination conducted
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
under anesthesia also were normal. The next step in the examination is to:
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
■ Determine the blood type of the blood on the underwear jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
□Interrogate the father jj jj
□Isolate the parents and child jj jj jj jj
□Determine j j von Willebrand factor levels
jj jj jj
, □Measure fibronectin jj jj in the vagina jj jj
description Consideration of factitious disorder by proxy should be triggered when the reported symptoms are repeatedly
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
noted by only one parent, appropriate testing fails to confirm a diagnosis, and seemingly appropriate treatment is ineffective.
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
At times, the child's symptoms, their course, or the response to treatment may be incompatible with any recognized disease.
j j jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
j Preverbal children are usually involved. Bleeding is a particularly common presentation. This may be caused by adding dyes
j jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
to samples, adding blood (e.g., from the mother) to the child's sample, or giving the child an anticoagulant (e.g., warfarin). (See
j j jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
Chapter 37, page 146.)
jj jj jj jj
3. Munchausen syndrome by proxy is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT: jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
□Mother who appears devoted and wins over members of care team
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
□Multiple hospitalizations jj jj and investigations without diagnosis
jj jj jj
□Symptoms on history but not witnessed by medical team jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
■ Symptoms occurring in presence of different caregivers (e.g., while mother is out of town)
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
□Use of medications or toxins
jj jj jj jj
description Symptoms in young children are mostly associated with proximity of the offending caregiver to the child. The
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
mother may present as a devoted or even model parent who forms close relationships with members of the health care team.
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
While appearing very interested in her child's condition, she may be relatively distant emotionally. (See Chapter 37, page
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
146.)
jj
4. Which statement is false? jj jj jj
■ Malnutrition is the second leading cause of acquired immune deficiency worldwide behind HIV infection
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
□Zinc is important in immune function and linear growth
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
□Kwashiorkor and marasmus are rare in developed countries jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
□The Western diet is associated with increased noncommunicable disease
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
description The significant global burden of malnutrition and undernutrition is the leading worldwide cause of acquired
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
immunodeficiency and the major underlying factor for morbidity and mortality globally for children <5 yr of age. Zinc is a
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
micronutrient that supports multiple metabolic functions in the body, is essential for normal immune functioning, and is
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
required to support linear growth; zinc deficiency is associated with impaired immune functioning and poor linear growth. In
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
parallel to the risk for nutrient and energy deficiencies, issues relating to excesses pose important challenges because of their
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
negative healtheffects, suchas obesityor cardiovascular disease risk factors.Thenutrition transition under wayinthe
jj j j j j j j jj jj j j j j j j j j j
, developing world from traditional diets to the Western diet has been associated with increases in noncommunicable diseases,
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
often coexisting with undernutrition and malnutrition, observed sometimes in the same communities or even the same
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
families. (See e41-1.)
jj jj jj
5. Components of energy expenditure in children include: jj jj jj jj jj jj
□Thermal effect of food jj jj jj
□Basal metabolic rate jj jj
□Energy for physical activity jj jj jj
□Energy to support jj jj jj growth
■ All of the above jj jj jj
description The 3 components of energy expenditure in adults are the basal metabolic rate, the thermal effect of food
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj j
(energy required for digestion and absorption), and energy for physical activity. Additional energy intake and expenditure are
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
required to support growth and development for children. (See e41-4.)
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
6. Which of the following clinical scenarios increases the risk of vitamin A deficiency?
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
□Vegetarian diet jj
□Chronic intestinal disorders jj jj
□Zinc jj deficiency
■ B and C
jj jj
□All of the above jj jj jj
description Vitamin A is an essential micronutrient because it cannot be biogenerated de novo by animals. It must be
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
obtained from plants in the form of provitamin-A carotenoids. In the USA, grains and vegetables supply approximately
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
55% and dairyand meat products supplyapproximately 30% of vitamin A intake from food. Vitamin A and the provitamins-
jj j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j jj
A are fat soluble, and their absorption depends on the presence of adequate lipid and protein within the meal. Chronic
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj j j
intestinal disorders or lipid malabsorption syndromes can result in vitamin A deficiency. In developing countries, subclinical
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
or clinical zinc deficiency can increase the risk of vitamin A deficiency. There is also some evidence of marginal zinc intakes
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
in children in the USA. (See Chapter 45, page 188.)
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
7. Which statement about vitamin A toxicity is NOT true? jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
