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CCJ4450 Exam 1 Questions And Answers
100% Verified.
"McDonald-ization" - Answers✔focus on process, procedures and rules; assembly-line justice,
Bohm 2006
Activity - Answers✔organizations act in that their influence extends beyond that of individual
members
Audit - Answers✔execution in budgeting; process done once budget its approved an
implemented
Beneficiaries - Answers✔the public at large can be considered one of these
Bernard (1938) - Answers✔defined organizations as" a system of consciously coordinated
activities or forces of two or more persons."
Bohm (2006) - Answers✔"McDonald-ization"; low discretion and simplification of the decision
making process, with emphasis on the means or process
Budgeting - Answers✔the process of allocating funds (dollars) within an agency to various
hierarchical levels and subunits
Bureaucratic Model - Answers✔the structure of an organization included a rigid hierarchy of
offices, a clear division of labor, and formal rules that govern action
Bureaucratic System - Answers✔emphasizes means rather than results
Carlisle (1976) - Answers✔the "process by which the elements of a group are integrated,
coordinated, and/or utilized so as to effectively and efficiently achieve organizational
objectives."
Case Law - Answers✔actual court cases that review activities of criminal justice practitioner
Centralization - Answers✔important decisions are made by upper managers
Chain of Command - Answers✔the structure of authority and positions. In police department, the
chief sits at the top of the hierarchy and is highest in the chain of command. Patrol officers sit at
the lowest level of the hierarchy and are at the end of the chain of command.
1
, ©FYNDLAY.
Civil Litigation - Answers✔asking through court action to redress grievances. Many changes in
the system are the result of civil litigation against criminal agencies.
Civil Rights Act of 1964 - Answers✔this civil litigation influenced agency behavior
Closed-system - Answers✔organizations are viewed as self contained and unresponsive to their
environments.
Competitors - Answers✔are other criminal justice agencies competing for limited resources
Complex environment - Answers✔a situation in which an organization faces many competing
and conflicting demands from turbulent external sources.
Complex Goals - Answers✔a situation in which an organization faces many competing and
conflicting purposes. Goal conflict is also desirable.
Complex Internal Constituencies - Answers✔a situation which criminal justice organizations
have multiple and conflicting internal personnel, each striving to achieve their own interests and
objectives.
Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984 - Answers✔competing cultures may cause social
conflict;war of drugs
COMPSTAT - Answers✔This effort was an attempt to utilize information for better decision-
making and to hold police supervisors accountable for crime in their district.
Cultural Conditions - Answers✔dramatic changes in culture may result in new or different laws
Decentralization - Answers✔important decisions are made in the lower levels.
Decoupled Organizations - Answers✔Organization within which staff who work in the field—
patrol officers, correctional officers—operate with definitions that are different from the
organization's executive definitions.
Demographic Factors - Answers✔large proportion of crime prone (young) citizens increase
overall crime rates. Movement of working class and wealthy individuals from communities
reduces available resources. Immigration (legal and illegal) creates new challenges in justice
administration.
Dominate coalition - Answers✔is the small group of employees who oversee the organization
and dictate policy decisions.
Dynamic Environment - Answers✔unpredictable environment
Ecological Conditions - Answers✔Different ecological needs (e.g., industrial, service, etc.)
create their own challenges for criminal justice. Conflict over scarce resources affects criminal
justice agencies. Increased awareness of ecological issues may result in additional
responsibilities for criminal justice.
2
CCJ4450 Exam 1 Questions And Answers
100% Verified.
"McDonald-ization" - Answers✔focus on process, procedures and rules; assembly-line justice,
Bohm 2006
Activity - Answers✔organizations act in that their influence extends beyond that of individual
members
Audit - Answers✔execution in budgeting; process done once budget its approved an
implemented
Beneficiaries - Answers✔the public at large can be considered one of these
Bernard (1938) - Answers✔defined organizations as" a system of consciously coordinated
activities or forces of two or more persons."
Bohm (2006) - Answers✔"McDonald-ization"; low discretion and simplification of the decision
making process, with emphasis on the means or process
Budgeting - Answers✔the process of allocating funds (dollars) within an agency to various
hierarchical levels and subunits
Bureaucratic Model - Answers✔the structure of an organization included a rigid hierarchy of
offices, a clear division of labor, and formal rules that govern action
Bureaucratic System - Answers✔emphasizes means rather than results
Carlisle (1976) - Answers✔the "process by which the elements of a group are integrated,
coordinated, and/or utilized so as to effectively and efficiently achieve organizational
objectives."
Case Law - Answers✔actual court cases that review activities of criminal justice practitioner
Centralization - Answers✔important decisions are made by upper managers
Chain of Command - Answers✔the structure of authority and positions. In police department, the
chief sits at the top of the hierarchy and is highest in the chain of command. Patrol officers sit at
the lowest level of the hierarchy and are at the end of the chain of command.
1
, ©FYNDLAY.
Civil Litigation - Answers✔asking through court action to redress grievances. Many changes in
the system are the result of civil litigation against criminal agencies.
Civil Rights Act of 1964 - Answers✔this civil litigation influenced agency behavior
Closed-system - Answers✔organizations are viewed as self contained and unresponsive to their
environments.
Competitors - Answers✔are other criminal justice agencies competing for limited resources
Complex environment - Answers✔a situation in which an organization faces many competing
and conflicting demands from turbulent external sources.
Complex Goals - Answers✔a situation in which an organization faces many competing and
conflicting purposes. Goal conflict is also desirable.
Complex Internal Constituencies - Answers✔a situation which criminal justice organizations
have multiple and conflicting internal personnel, each striving to achieve their own interests and
objectives.
Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984 - Answers✔competing cultures may cause social
conflict;war of drugs
COMPSTAT - Answers✔This effort was an attempt to utilize information for better decision-
making and to hold police supervisors accountable for crime in their district.
Cultural Conditions - Answers✔dramatic changes in culture may result in new or different laws
Decentralization - Answers✔important decisions are made in the lower levels.
Decoupled Organizations - Answers✔Organization within which staff who work in the field—
patrol officers, correctional officers—operate with definitions that are different from the
organization's executive definitions.
Demographic Factors - Answers✔large proportion of crime prone (young) citizens increase
overall crime rates. Movement of working class and wealthy individuals from communities
reduces available resources. Immigration (legal and illegal) creates new challenges in justice
administration.
Dominate coalition - Answers✔is the small group of employees who oversee the organization
and dictate policy decisions.
Dynamic Environment - Answers✔unpredictable environment
Ecological Conditions - Answers✔Different ecological needs (e.g., industrial, service, etc.)
create their own challenges for criminal justice. Conflict over scarce resources affects criminal
justice agencies. Increased awareness of ecological issues may result in additional
responsibilities for criminal justice.
2
