Microbiology Final Exam Review
Questions with Solutions
purpose of studying microbiology - -1. microorganisms affect human health
2. microorganisms are essential in all life cycles 3. microbes are used in food
production
- benefits of studying microbiology - -understanding the world around us-
everything is covered in microbes
- microbiology - -the study of microorganisms
- bacteria - -all prokaryotic organisms
- algae - -photosynthesis; eukaryotic organisms in the kingdoms Protista and
Plantae
- fungi - -the kingdom of non-photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms that
absorb nutrients from their environment
- viruses - -obligate intracellular parasites; composed of a nucleic acid core
inside a protein coat
- protozoa - -single-celled, microscopic, animal-like protists in the kingdom
Protista
- site of employment of microbiologists - -a. university- teaching,
researching, raining students
b. commercial laboratories- developing microbes used in genetic engineering
c. health professions- clinical laboratories performing tests to diagnose
disease or determining which anitbiotics will cure a particular disease
d. hospital/gov't labs- controlling spread of infection and related public
health matters
- Hippocrates - -Greek physician who lived around 400 B.C. He associated
particular signs and symptoms with certain illnesses and realized that
disease could be transmitted from one person to another by clothing or other
objects.
- Hooke - -built a compound microscope (one in which light passes through
two lenses) and used it to observe thin slices of cork; he
coined the term cell; 1664
, - Leeuwenhok - -Dutch cloth merchant and amateur lens grinder, who first
made and used lenses to observe living microorganism; his
lenses gave magnifications up to 300X; everywhere he looked he found
animalcules and observed all the major kinds of
microorganisms; he refused to sell his microscopes to others and so failed to
foster the development of microbiology; 1684
- cell theory - -Theory formulated by Schleiden and Schwann that cells are
the fundamental units of all living things
- bubonic plague - -a bacterial disease, transmitted by flea bites, spreads in
the blood and lymphatic system
- germ theory of disease - -microorganisms can invade other organism and
cause disease
- spontaneous generation - -theory that living organisms can arise from
nonliving things
- Aristotle - -proposed spontaneous generation
- Redi - -refuted spontaneous generation with his meat experiments (people
thought rotten meat grew maggots. He placed 3 pieces of meat in an open
jar, a sealed jar, and a jar covered with gauze. No maggots grew in the
sealed jar, howeversome did hatch from fly eggs laid in the gauze)
- Pasteur - -1. disproved spontaneous generation with his swan-necked
flasks
2. discovered that selected yeast made good wine, but mixture of other
microorganisms comped with the yeast for sugar
and made wine taste oily or sour, and developed pasteurization to kill
unwanted organisms as a result;
3. identified three different microoganisms that each caused a different
disease in silkworms, which was a step in proving
the germ theory of disease
4. created/ discovered the rabies vaccine (made of dried spinal cord from
rabbits infected with rabies); got this idea when
his assistant accidentally used an old chicken cholera culture to inoculate
some chickens and later inoculated them with a
fresh chicken cholera culture and they remained healthy
5. was director of the Pasteur Institute, where he guided the training and
work of other scientists
6. associated specific organisms with specific diseases
Questions with Solutions
purpose of studying microbiology - -1. microorganisms affect human health
2. microorganisms are essential in all life cycles 3. microbes are used in food
production
- benefits of studying microbiology - -understanding the world around us-
everything is covered in microbes
- microbiology - -the study of microorganisms
- bacteria - -all prokaryotic organisms
- algae - -photosynthesis; eukaryotic organisms in the kingdoms Protista and
Plantae
- fungi - -the kingdom of non-photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms that
absorb nutrients from their environment
- viruses - -obligate intracellular parasites; composed of a nucleic acid core
inside a protein coat
- protozoa - -single-celled, microscopic, animal-like protists in the kingdom
Protista
- site of employment of microbiologists - -a. university- teaching,
researching, raining students
b. commercial laboratories- developing microbes used in genetic engineering
c. health professions- clinical laboratories performing tests to diagnose
disease or determining which anitbiotics will cure a particular disease
d. hospital/gov't labs- controlling spread of infection and related public
health matters
- Hippocrates - -Greek physician who lived around 400 B.C. He associated
particular signs and symptoms with certain illnesses and realized that
disease could be transmitted from one person to another by clothing or other
objects.
- Hooke - -built a compound microscope (one in which light passes through
two lenses) and used it to observe thin slices of cork; he
coined the term cell; 1664
, - Leeuwenhok - -Dutch cloth merchant and amateur lens grinder, who first
made and used lenses to observe living microorganism; his
lenses gave magnifications up to 300X; everywhere he looked he found
animalcules and observed all the major kinds of
microorganisms; he refused to sell his microscopes to others and so failed to
foster the development of microbiology; 1684
- cell theory - -Theory formulated by Schleiden and Schwann that cells are
the fundamental units of all living things
- bubonic plague - -a bacterial disease, transmitted by flea bites, spreads in
the blood and lymphatic system
- germ theory of disease - -microorganisms can invade other organism and
cause disease
- spontaneous generation - -theory that living organisms can arise from
nonliving things
- Aristotle - -proposed spontaneous generation
- Redi - -refuted spontaneous generation with his meat experiments (people
thought rotten meat grew maggots. He placed 3 pieces of meat in an open
jar, a sealed jar, and a jar covered with gauze. No maggots grew in the
sealed jar, howeversome did hatch from fly eggs laid in the gauze)
- Pasteur - -1. disproved spontaneous generation with his swan-necked
flasks
2. discovered that selected yeast made good wine, but mixture of other
microorganisms comped with the yeast for sugar
and made wine taste oily or sour, and developed pasteurization to kill
unwanted organisms as a result;
3. identified three different microoganisms that each caused a different
disease in silkworms, which was a step in proving
the germ theory of disease
4. created/ discovered the rabies vaccine (made of dried spinal cord from
rabbits infected with rabies); got this idea when
his assistant accidentally used an old chicken cholera culture to inoculate
some chickens and later inoculated them with a
fresh chicken cholera culture and they remained healthy
5. was director of the Pasteur Institute, where he guided the training and
work of other scientists
6. associated specific organisms with specific diseases
