SV PUBLIC POLICY 2024-2025
Inhoudsopgave
les 1: public policy, overheidsbeleid...................................................................................5
Public Administration RESEARCH WHY are we here?.......................................................5
today’s policy points........................................................................................................ 6
what is public policy?....................................................................................................... 6
policy making.................................................................................................................. 7
object of policy making................................................................................................. 7
policy in your daily life.................................................................................................. 7
types of public policy.................................................................................................... 8
approaches to policy.................................................................................................... 9
Why does government pursue policy?.............................................................................9
public policy why?........................................................................................................ 9
problems?................................................................................................................... 10
collective needs.......................................................................................................... 10
Knowledge for public policy: Context..........................................................................10
ambitions into policies................................................................................................ 10
who is involved?............................................................................................................ 11
actors......................................................................................................................... 11
basic triangle of policy actors.....................................................................................12
self-reflection.............................................................................................................. 13
policy in practice........................................................................................................ 13
How does government policy TAKE SHAPE?...................................................................13
a policy cycle approach.............................................................................................. 13
going in depth............................................................................................................ 14
does it work that way in practice?..............................................................................15
a layered policy setting.............................................................................................. 15
the complexity of policy: wickedness.........................................................................16
why are wicked problems so wicked?.........................................................................16
conclusion...................................................................................................................... 16
policy.......................................................................................................................... 16
Les 2: agenda setting....................................................................................................... 17
session overview........................................................................................................... 17
why policy science?....................................................................................................... 17
policy science: key practices in focus.........................................................................17
policy theory: two key branches.................................................................................17
1
, key research areas..................................................................................................... 18
science policy interface.............................................................................................. 18
public policy in science............................................................................................... 18
research areas............................................................................................................ 18
examples.................................................................................................................... 19
how is policy scientifically studied?...............................................................................19
the scientific method.................................................................................................. 19
policy science............................................................................................................. 22
research logics........................................................................................................... 22
Results: What has policy science already delivered?.....................................................22
a world of constructs.................................................................................................. 22
spectrum of constructs in (policy) science, ostrom 1999............................................23
policy models: thomas dye (2003, 2017).......................................................................23
8 basic models:........................................................................................................... 24
Where does policy science stand today?.......................................................................28
methods..................................................................................................................... 28
comparatice research................................................................................................. 28
theoretical focus......................................................................................................... 29
substantive focus....................................................................................................... 29
topics.......................................................................................................................... 30
interdisciplinary.......................................................................................................... 30
conclusion...................................................................................................................... 30
les 3: agenda-setting........................................................................................................ 31
policy dynamics............................................................................................................. 31
phases of the policy process.......................................................................................31
policy agenda and policy issues.....................................................................................31
what is a policy agenda?............................................................................................ 31
why can't we focus on everything?.............................................................................31
limited load and capacity............................................................................................ 32
various owners, parts and types.................................................................................32
problems worth action................................................................................................ 33
influence from the environment.................................................................................33
what is agenda-setting or agenda building?...............................................................34
why is a problem not on the agenda?............................................................................34
how can we describe problems? an agenda perspective............................................34
the gap model............................................................................................................ 34
barrier model.............................................................................................................. 35
relative attention model............................................................................................. 35
2
, from private problem to public policy.........................................................................35
layers of agenda setting............................................................................................. 36
a holistic approach: the multiple streams framework.................................................36
policy entrepreneurs: making connections.................................................................38
on the road to agenda-setting: an example................................................................38
added value of the approach......................................................................................38
critisism on the approach........................................................................................... 39
example: the sandy hook shooting.............................................................................39
Transitions: from converging to constructing agenda....................................................39
agenda-setting as an automatic action.......................................................................39
agenda as constructs.................................................................................................. 39
in conclusion.................................................................................................................. 40
les 4: policy formulation.................................................................................................... 40
where are we now?........................................................................................................ 40
Developing and considering policy options....................................................................40
definition of policy formulation...................................................................................40
the policy onion.......................................................................................................... 41
from purpose to optional programs............................................................................41
what is policy formulation?......................................................................................... 42
styles of policy formulation......................................................................................... 42
tools and systems.......................................................................................................... 43
overview..................................................................................................................... 43
tools............................................................................................................................... 43
policy resources.......................................................................................................... 43
types of interventions, a design perspective: the carrot and stick..............................44
What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages of the carrot and the stick?
................................................................................................................................... 45
breakdown of instruments.......................................................................................... 46
Policy instruments according to the government's steering model and selection
criteria........................................................................................................................ 46
instrument types on the continuum of government intervention...............................47
classification 2: nato................................................................................................... 47
stick-carrot-sermon typology VS. nato taxonomy of policy instruments.....................48
effectors and detectors............................................................................................... 48
design and context..................................................................................................... 49
from the complexity comes the focus on processes during the design phase............50
new trends.................................................................................................................. 51
why?........................................................................................................................... 51
policy subsystems......................................................................................................... 51
3
, subsystems dynamics................................................................................................. 51
types and dynamics of policy subsystems..................................................................52
the iron triangle.......................................................................................................... 52
other distinctions in subsystems................................................................................52
Transitions: New designs with existing building blocks..................................................52
in conclusion.................................................................................................................. 52
les 5: policy decision......................................................................................................... 53
where are we now?........................................................................................................ 53
legitimizing policy choices............................................................................................. 53
what is a policy decision?........................................................................................... 53
often together, each with a role.................................................................................53
actor roles – cont........................................................................................................ 54
decision-making styles............................................................................................... 54
common decision-making strategies..........................................................................55
About policy builders and decision-making processes...................................................55
two main models of making decisions (decision models)...........................................55
bounded rationality.................................................................................................... 55
incrementalism........................................................................................................... 56
rationalism VS. incrementalism in public decision-making.........................................57
garbage can model..................................................................................................... 57
example...................................................................................................................... 58
let’s apply what we learned so far to a european policy.............................................58
in conclusion.................................................................................................................. 58
les 6: policy implementation............................................................................................. 59
where are we now?........................................................................................................ 59
policy implementation................................................................................................... 59
what is policy implementation....................................................................................59
from policy decisions to policy performance...............................................................59
example: The Enhanced Basic Education Act establishes the Enhanced Basic
Education Program..................................................................................................... 60
policy implementation................................................................................................ 60
political administrative authorities as a pivot.............................................................61
meta-governors.......................................................................................................... 61
main governance modes............................................................................................ 61
succes and failure in policy implementation..................................................................62
overview..................................................................................................................... 62
approaches to implementation...................................................................................62
why do policies fail?....................................................................................................... 65
4
Inhoudsopgave
les 1: public policy, overheidsbeleid...................................................................................5
Public Administration RESEARCH WHY are we here?.......................................................5
today’s policy points........................................................................................................ 6
what is public policy?....................................................................................................... 6
policy making.................................................................................................................. 7
object of policy making................................................................................................. 7
policy in your daily life.................................................................................................. 7
types of public policy.................................................................................................... 8
approaches to policy.................................................................................................... 9
Why does government pursue policy?.............................................................................9
public policy why?........................................................................................................ 9
problems?................................................................................................................... 10
collective needs.......................................................................................................... 10
Knowledge for public policy: Context..........................................................................10
ambitions into policies................................................................................................ 10
who is involved?............................................................................................................ 11
actors......................................................................................................................... 11
basic triangle of policy actors.....................................................................................12
self-reflection.............................................................................................................. 13
policy in practice........................................................................................................ 13
How does government policy TAKE SHAPE?...................................................................13
a policy cycle approach.............................................................................................. 13
going in depth............................................................................................................ 14
does it work that way in practice?..............................................................................15
a layered policy setting.............................................................................................. 15
the complexity of policy: wickedness.........................................................................16
why are wicked problems so wicked?.........................................................................16
conclusion...................................................................................................................... 16
policy.......................................................................................................................... 16
Les 2: agenda setting....................................................................................................... 17
session overview........................................................................................................... 17
why policy science?....................................................................................................... 17
policy science: key practices in focus.........................................................................17
policy theory: two key branches.................................................................................17
1
, key research areas..................................................................................................... 18
science policy interface.............................................................................................. 18
public policy in science............................................................................................... 18
research areas............................................................................................................ 18
examples.................................................................................................................... 19
how is policy scientifically studied?...............................................................................19
the scientific method.................................................................................................. 19
policy science............................................................................................................. 22
research logics........................................................................................................... 22
Results: What has policy science already delivered?.....................................................22
a world of constructs.................................................................................................. 22
spectrum of constructs in (policy) science, ostrom 1999............................................23
policy models: thomas dye (2003, 2017).......................................................................23
8 basic models:........................................................................................................... 24
Where does policy science stand today?.......................................................................28
methods..................................................................................................................... 28
comparatice research................................................................................................. 28
theoretical focus......................................................................................................... 29
substantive focus....................................................................................................... 29
topics.......................................................................................................................... 30
interdisciplinary.......................................................................................................... 30
conclusion...................................................................................................................... 30
les 3: agenda-setting........................................................................................................ 31
policy dynamics............................................................................................................. 31
phases of the policy process.......................................................................................31
policy agenda and policy issues.....................................................................................31
what is a policy agenda?............................................................................................ 31
why can't we focus on everything?.............................................................................31
limited load and capacity............................................................................................ 32
various owners, parts and types.................................................................................32
problems worth action................................................................................................ 33
influence from the environment.................................................................................33
what is agenda-setting or agenda building?...............................................................34
why is a problem not on the agenda?............................................................................34
how can we describe problems? an agenda perspective............................................34
the gap model............................................................................................................ 34
barrier model.............................................................................................................. 35
relative attention model............................................................................................. 35
2
, from private problem to public policy.........................................................................35
layers of agenda setting............................................................................................. 36
a holistic approach: the multiple streams framework.................................................36
policy entrepreneurs: making connections.................................................................38
on the road to agenda-setting: an example................................................................38
added value of the approach......................................................................................38
critisism on the approach........................................................................................... 39
example: the sandy hook shooting.............................................................................39
Transitions: from converging to constructing agenda....................................................39
agenda-setting as an automatic action.......................................................................39
agenda as constructs.................................................................................................. 39
in conclusion.................................................................................................................. 40
les 4: policy formulation.................................................................................................... 40
where are we now?........................................................................................................ 40
Developing and considering policy options....................................................................40
definition of policy formulation...................................................................................40
the policy onion.......................................................................................................... 41
from purpose to optional programs............................................................................41
what is policy formulation?......................................................................................... 42
styles of policy formulation......................................................................................... 42
tools and systems.......................................................................................................... 43
overview..................................................................................................................... 43
tools............................................................................................................................... 43
policy resources.......................................................................................................... 43
types of interventions, a design perspective: the carrot and stick..............................44
What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages of the carrot and the stick?
................................................................................................................................... 45
breakdown of instruments.......................................................................................... 46
Policy instruments according to the government's steering model and selection
criteria........................................................................................................................ 46
instrument types on the continuum of government intervention...............................47
classification 2: nato................................................................................................... 47
stick-carrot-sermon typology VS. nato taxonomy of policy instruments.....................48
effectors and detectors............................................................................................... 48
design and context..................................................................................................... 49
from the complexity comes the focus on processes during the design phase............50
new trends.................................................................................................................. 51
why?........................................................................................................................... 51
policy subsystems......................................................................................................... 51
3
, subsystems dynamics................................................................................................. 51
types and dynamics of policy subsystems..................................................................52
the iron triangle.......................................................................................................... 52
other distinctions in subsystems................................................................................52
Transitions: New designs with existing building blocks..................................................52
in conclusion.................................................................................................................. 52
les 5: policy decision......................................................................................................... 53
where are we now?........................................................................................................ 53
legitimizing policy choices............................................................................................. 53
what is a policy decision?........................................................................................... 53
often together, each with a role.................................................................................53
actor roles – cont........................................................................................................ 54
decision-making styles............................................................................................... 54
common decision-making strategies..........................................................................55
About policy builders and decision-making processes...................................................55
two main models of making decisions (decision models)...........................................55
bounded rationality.................................................................................................... 55
incrementalism........................................................................................................... 56
rationalism VS. incrementalism in public decision-making.........................................57
garbage can model..................................................................................................... 57
example...................................................................................................................... 58
let’s apply what we learned so far to a european policy.............................................58
in conclusion.................................................................................................................. 58
les 6: policy implementation............................................................................................. 59
where are we now?........................................................................................................ 59
policy implementation................................................................................................... 59
what is policy implementation....................................................................................59
from policy decisions to policy performance...............................................................59
example: The Enhanced Basic Education Act establishes the Enhanced Basic
Education Program..................................................................................................... 60
policy implementation................................................................................................ 60
political administrative authorities as a pivot.............................................................61
meta-governors.......................................................................................................... 61
main governance modes............................................................................................ 61
succes and failure in policy implementation..................................................................62
overview..................................................................................................................... 62
approaches to implementation...................................................................................62
why do policies fail?....................................................................................................... 65
4
