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NWHSU Immunology Final
Questions and Answers (100% Pass)
What type of cells are in acquired immunity?
✓ T and B lymphocytes
What type of cells are in Innate immunity?
✓ All other WBC's
Innate immunity sends a _____________ attack on invaders
✓ Non-specific
Acquired immunity sends a _____________ attack on invaders
✓ Specific
This type of immunity recognizes and responds to molecular patterns of
groups of microorganisms.
✓ Innate Immunity
This type of immunity recognized and responds to very specific molecular
structures of species or even strains.
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✓ Acquired immunity
Name the components of the 1st line of defense
✓ Tight junctions in cells of skin and mucous membranes, cilia in
respiratory tract
Name the cells that are involved in the 2nd line of defense
✓ Neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, eosinophils, basophils, NK
lymphocytes
What are the processes involved in the 2nd line of defense?
✓ Complement, inflammation, phagocytosis
Name the cells involved in the 3rd line of defense.
✓ B and T lymphocytes
What are the processes involved in the 3rd line of defense?
✓ Antibodies and cytotoxic T cell response
Give an example where cells/functions of 2nd line defense collaborate with
cells/function of the 3rd line of defense.
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✓ Dendritic cells and macrophages (2nd line) presenting antigen to T
cells (3rd line)
Give an example where cells/functions of 2nd line defense embedded in
cells/function of the 1st line of defense.
✓ Dendritic cells (2nd line) are embedded in skin and mucous
membranes of 1st line
Give two examples where cells/functions of 3rd line defense collaborate with
cells/function of the 2nd line of defense.
✓ 1) Tc cells (3rd line) summoning NK cells (2nd line) for help
✓ 2) Antibody-antigen complex (3rd line) upregulating complement (2nd
line)
✓ 3) Antibodies (3rd line) acting as opsonins to attract neutrophils and
macorphages
Tc cells of the 3rd line summon which cells of the 2nd line of defense for help?
✓ NK cells
Antibodies in the 3rd line of defense acting as opsonins attract what from the
2nd line?
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1|Page | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
✓ neutrophils and macrophages
Give examples of the properties of skin and mucous membranes that create
the 1st line of defense.
✓ - Tight junction between cells - physical barrier
✓ - Layer of dead keratinized cells on skin - physical barrier
✓ - Frequent shedding of cells - removal of attached pathogens
✓ - Mucous - traps pathogens
✓ - Cilia - mechanically removes pathogens
✓ lysozyme (in mucous, sweat, tears) - breaks down peptidoglycan and
causes lysis of gram positive bacteria
✓ - stomach acid - kills many pathogens
How do normal flora microbes contribute to defending our body at the first
line of defense?
✓ - They compete for nutrients
✓ - Produce acids that lower pH (leads to less favorable growth
condition)
✓ - Produce antibiotics
How does saliva contribute to the first line of defense?
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
NWHSU Immunology Final
Questions and Answers (100% Pass)
What type of cells are in acquired immunity?
✓ T and B lymphocytes
What type of cells are in Innate immunity?
✓ All other WBC's
Innate immunity sends a _____________ attack on invaders
✓ Non-specific
Acquired immunity sends a _____________ attack on invaders
✓ Specific
This type of immunity recognizes and responds to molecular patterns of
groups of microorganisms.
✓ Innate Immunity
This type of immunity recognized and responds to very specific molecular
structures of species or even strains.
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1|Page | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
✓ Acquired immunity
Name the components of the 1st line of defense
✓ Tight junctions in cells of skin and mucous membranes, cilia in
respiratory tract
Name the cells that are involved in the 2nd line of defense
✓ Neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, eosinophils, basophils, NK
lymphocytes
What are the processes involved in the 2nd line of defense?
✓ Complement, inflammation, phagocytosis
Name the cells involved in the 3rd line of defense.
✓ B and T lymphocytes
What are the processes involved in the 3rd line of defense?
✓ Antibodies and cytotoxic T cell response
Give an example where cells/functions of 2nd line defense collaborate with
cells/function of the 3rd line of defense.
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1|Page | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
✓ Dendritic cells and macrophages (2nd line) presenting antigen to T
cells (3rd line)
Give an example where cells/functions of 2nd line defense embedded in
cells/function of the 1st line of defense.
✓ Dendritic cells (2nd line) are embedded in skin and mucous
membranes of 1st line
Give two examples where cells/functions of 3rd line defense collaborate with
cells/function of the 2nd line of defense.
✓ 1) Tc cells (3rd line) summoning NK cells (2nd line) for help
✓ 2) Antibody-antigen complex (3rd line) upregulating complement (2nd
line)
✓ 3) Antibodies (3rd line) acting as opsonins to attract neutrophils and
macorphages
Tc cells of the 3rd line summon which cells of the 2nd line of defense for help?
✓ NK cells
Antibodies in the 3rd line of defense acting as opsonins attract what from the
2nd line?
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1|Page | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
✓ neutrophils and macrophages
Give examples of the properties of skin and mucous membranes that create
the 1st line of defense.
✓ - Tight junction between cells - physical barrier
✓ - Layer of dead keratinized cells on skin - physical barrier
✓ - Frequent shedding of cells - removal of attached pathogens
✓ - Mucous - traps pathogens
✓ - Cilia - mechanically removes pathogens
✓ lysozyme (in mucous, sweat, tears) - breaks down peptidoglycan and
causes lysis of gram positive bacteria
✓ - stomach acid - kills many pathogens
How do normal flora microbes contribute to defending our body at the first
line of defense?
✓ - They compete for nutrients
✓ - Produce acids that lower pH (leads to less favorable growth
condition)
✓ - Produce antibiotics
How does saliva contribute to the first line of defense?
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
