1
LPL4802 OCTOBER NOVEMBER PORTFOLIO
(COMPLETE ANSWERS) Semester 2 2024 -
DUE 30 October 2024
1. What is the primary purpose of a literature review in
research?
o A) To present new findings
o B) To summarize previous research
o C) To gather data
o D) To analyze statistical results
Answer: B) To summarize previous research
Rationale: A literature review synthesizes existing research
to provide context and justify the need for the current study.
2. Which research design is best for establishing cause-and-
effect relationships?
o A) Descriptive study
o B) Case study
o C) Experimental study
o D) Correlational study
Answer: C) Experimental study
Rationale: Experimental studies allow researchers to
manipulate variables and determine causal relationships.
3. What is a key characteristic of qualitative research?
o A) Uses large sample sizes
o B) Focuses on numerical data
o C) Seeks to understand experiences
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o D) Employs statistical analysis
Answer: C) Seeks to understand experiences
Rationale: Qualitative research explores participants'
perspectives and experiences in depth, often through
interviews or focus groups.
4. In research, what does "sampling bias" refer to?
o A) The sample size being too small
o B) The sample not being representative of the population
o C) Random selection of participants
o D) The use of stratified sampling
Answer: B) The sample not being representative of the
population
Rationale: Sampling bias occurs when certain members of
the population are systematically excluded, leading to an
unrepresentative sample.
5. What is the main purpose of an ethics review board?
o A) To approve funding for research
o B) To ensure the protection of human subjects
o C) To analyze research data
o D) To conduct statistical analysis
Answer: B) To ensure the protection of human subjects
Rationale: Ethics review boards assess research proposals
to ensure that the rights and welfare of participants are
protected.
6. Which of the following is a strength of qualitative research?
o A) High generalizability
o B) Depth of understanding
o C) Objective measurements
o D) Statistical analysis
Answer: B) Depth of understanding
Rationale: Qualitative research provides rich, detailed
,1
insights into participants' thoughts and feelings, enhancing
understanding of complex phenomena.
7. In a quantitative study, what does the term "operational
definition" refer to?
o A) The theoretical framework
o B) The way variables are measured
o C) The sample selection process
o D) The research hypothesis
Answer: B) The way variables are measured
Rationale: An operational definition specifies how a variable
will be measured or defined in the context of the study.
8. What is the main advantage of using a longitudinal study
design?
o A) Quick data collection
o B) Ability to establish cause-and-effect
o C) Insight into changes over time
o D) Low cost
Answer: C) Insight into changes over time
Rationale: Longitudinal studies track the same participants
over time, allowing researchers to observe changes and
developments.
9. Which statistical test is used to compare the means of two
groups?
o A) Chi-square test
o B) ANOVA
o C) t-test
o D) Correlation coefficient
Answer: C) t-test
Rationale: A t-test is specifically designed to compare the
means of two independent groups.
10. In qualitative research, what is "thematic analysis"?
, 1
o A) A statistical method
o B) A coding technique for data
o C) A way to validate results
o D) A method of random sampling
Answer: B) A coding technique for data
Rationale: Thematic analysis involves identifying and
analyzing patterns or themes within qualitative data.
11. What does "informed consent" mean in research?
o A) Participants agree to participate after being fully informed
o B) Participants provide consent without understanding the
study
o C) Researchers decide on behalf of participants
o D) Consent is implied by participation
Answer: A) Participants agree to participate after being fully
informed
Rationale: Informed consent ensures that participants
understand the study, including risks and benefits, before
agreeing to participate.
12. What is the purpose of a control group in an
experiment?
o A) To increase sample size
o B) To compare outcomes against a non-treatment group
o C) To ensure ethical standards
o D) To validate the research hypothesis
Answer: B) To compare outcomes against a non-treatment
group
Rationale: A control group provides a baseline to compare
the effects of the experimental treatment.
13. Which of the following is an example of a confounding
variable?
o A) The main independent variable
LPL4802 OCTOBER NOVEMBER PORTFOLIO
(COMPLETE ANSWERS) Semester 2 2024 -
DUE 30 October 2024
1. What is the primary purpose of a literature review in
research?
o A) To present new findings
o B) To summarize previous research
o C) To gather data
o D) To analyze statistical results
Answer: B) To summarize previous research
Rationale: A literature review synthesizes existing research
to provide context and justify the need for the current study.
2. Which research design is best for establishing cause-and-
effect relationships?
o A) Descriptive study
o B) Case study
o C) Experimental study
o D) Correlational study
Answer: C) Experimental study
Rationale: Experimental studies allow researchers to
manipulate variables and determine causal relationships.
3. What is a key characteristic of qualitative research?
o A) Uses large sample sizes
o B) Focuses on numerical data
o C) Seeks to understand experiences
,1
o D) Employs statistical analysis
Answer: C) Seeks to understand experiences
Rationale: Qualitative research explores participants'
perspectives and experiences in depth, often through
interviews or focus groups.
4. In research, what does "sampling bias" refer to?
o A) The sample size being too small
o B) The sample not being representative of the population
o C) Random selection of participants
o D) The use of stratified sampling
Answer: B) The sample not being representative of the
population
Rationale: Sampling bias occurs when certain members of
the population are systematically excluded, leading to an
unrepresentative sample.
5. What is the main purpose of an ethics review board?
o A) To approve funding for research
o B) To ensure the protection of human subjects
o C) To analyze research data
o D) To conduct statistical analysis
Answer: B) To ensure the protection of human subjects
Rationale: Ethics review boards assess research proposals
to ensure that the rights and welfare of participants are
protected.
6. Which of the following is a strength of qualitative research?
o A) High generalizability
o B) Depth of understanding
o C) Objective measurements
o D) Statistical analysis
Answer: B) Depth of understanding
Rationale: Qualitative research provides rich, detailed
,1
insights into participants' thoughts and feelings, enhancing
understanding of complex phenomena.
7. In a quantitative study, what does the term "operational
definition" refer to?
o A) The theoretical framework
o B) The way variables are measured
o C) The sample selection process
o D) The research hypothesis
Answer: B) The way variables are measured
Rationale: An operational definition specifies how a variable
will be measured or defined in the context of the study.
8. What is the main advantage of using a longitudinal study
design?
o A) Quick data collection
o B) Ability to establish cause-and-effect
o C) Insight into changes over time
o D) Low cost
Answer: C) Insight into changes over time
Rationale: Longitudinal studies track the same participants
over time, allowing researchers to observe changes and
developments.
9. Which statistical test is used to compare the means of two
groups?
o A) Chi-square test
o B) ANOVA
o C) t-test
o D) Correlation coefficient
Answer: C) t-test
Rationale: A t-test is specifically designed to compare the
means of two independent groups.
10. In qualitative research, what is "thematic analysis"?
, 1
o A) A statistical method
o B) A coding technique for data
o C) A way to validate results
o D) A method of random sampling
Answer: B) A coding technique for data
Rationale: Thematic analysis involves identifying and
analyzing patterns or themes within qualitative data.
11. What does "informed consent" mean in research?
o A) Participants agree to participate after being fully informed
o B) Participants provide consent without understanding the
study
o C) Researchers decide on behalf of participants
o D) Consent is implied by participation
Answer: A) Participants agree to participate after being fully
informed
Rationale: Informed consent ensures that participants
understand the study, including risks and benefits, before
agreeing to participate.
12. What is the purpose of a control group in an
experiment?
o A) To increase sample size
o B) To compare outcomes against a non-treatment group
o C) To ensure ethical standards
o D) To validate the research hypothesis
Answer: B) To compare outcomes against a non-treatment
group
Rationale: A control group provides a baseline to compare
the effects of the experimental treatment.
13. Which of the following is an example of a confounding
variable?
o A) The main independent variable
