Baseline Exam Questions and Answers 2025
A structure composed of anterolateral and posterior regions protects the abdominal
viscera. Which muscle of this structure is the most superficial of the anterolateral group?
External oblique
B
Internal oblique
C
Rectus abdominis
D
Transversus abdominis - ANSWER
Venous drainage of the gastrointestinal organs convenes at the portal vein.
Which vein of this system shuttles nutrients and toxins from the midgut to the liver?
Answer Choices
A Hepatic vein
B Inferior mesenteric vein
C Splenic vein
D
Superior mesenteric vein - ANSWER
Case
The roots and trunks of a plexus enter the posterior triangle of the neck between the
anterior scalene and middle scalene.
Question
What forms the inferior trunk of this plexus?
Answer Choices
A Anterior rami of C5 to C8 and T1
B Continuation of the C7 root
C Union of C5 and C6 roots
D Union of C8 and T1 roots - ANSWER
Question
A structure is composed of a fundus, corpus, cervical canal, and cervix.
What serves as secondary support—rather than a primary support—to this structure?
Answer Choices
A Broad ligament
B Cardinal ligament
C Pubocervical ligament
D Uterosacral ligament - ANSWER
,Question
A fluid mosaic structure separates the extracellular and intracellular space.
What molecule can traverse this structure most easily?
Answer Choices
A Cholesterol
B Glucose
C Ions
D Water - ANSWER
Question
A soft bilobed gland is relatively large during early years and becomes comparatively
smaller throughout adulthood.
The base of this organ is located in which part of the mediastinum?
Answer Choices
A Anterior
B Middle
C Posterior
D Superior - ANSWER
Case
Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is improving the clinical outcome of a liver transplantation surgery
by reducing the magnitude of the inflammatory response.
Question
What pleiotropic outcome might also be affected by this cytokine?
Answer Choices
A Decreased mortality of bacterial sepsis
B Decreased T-cell apoptosis
C Increased antimicrobial function
D Increased graft rejection - ANSWER
Case
A patient with Graves' disease is currently symptomatic. Laboratory analysis
demonstrates abnormal TSH and TSH receptor antibody levels, despite patient
compliance of antithyroid drug use.
Question
What condition may the patient develop?
Answer Choices
A Cystitis
B Orbitopathy
C Sebum overproduction
D Systemic lupus erythematosus - ANSWER
Question
An osteofibrous passageway leads from the wrist to the hand. What forms the anterior
wall of this structure?
, Answer Choices
A Flexor digitorum superficialis tendons
B Flexor retinaculum
C Median nerve
D synovial sheath - ANSWERflexor retinaculum
Case
Protein components within a cell membrane are conducting transportation of
substances that are unable to diffuse passively.
Question
What can be transported in this manner?
Answer Choices
A Carbon dioxide
B Ions
C Oxygen
D
Steroid hormones - ANSWER
Question
Glucose enters a series of reactions that transfers some of the energy from it to ADP.
Which product of this reaction travels to the mitochondria to enter the Krebs cycle?
Answer Choices A Adenine triphosphate B Glucose-6 phosphate C NADH D Pyruvate -
ANSWER
Question
ATP synthase phosphorylates ADP.
Where does this process take place with respect to the mitochondria?
Answer Choices A Cytosol B Inner membrane C Matrix D Ribosome - ANSWER
Case
Factor XII is exposed to endothelial collagen and becomes Factor XIIA, an activated
serine protease. A cascade of clotting factors follows and includes factors XI, IX, and X.
Question
Which factor displays the highest concentration throughout this progression?
Answer Choices A IX B X C XI D XII - ANSWER
Question
What is the major mode of transmission of rhinovirus associated with infection?
Answer Choices A Blood transmission B Droplet transmission C Sexual transmission D
Vesicle fluid transmission - ANSWER
Question
A structure is formed by a dorsal and ventral fiber, and it exits through an intervertebral
foramen.
Which structure of this kind supplies the diaphragm?
Answer Choices A C3 B C7 C L1 D L3 - ANSWER
A structure composed of anterolateral and posterior regions protects the abdominal
viscera. Which muscle of this structure is the most superficial of the anterolateral group?
External oblique
B
Internal oblique
C
Rectus abdominis
D
Transversus abdominis - ANSWER
Venous drainage of the gastrointestinal organs convenes at the portal vein.
Which vein of this system shuttles nutrients and toxins from the midgut to the liver?
Answer Choices
A Hepatic vein
B Inferior mesenteric vein
C Splenic vein
D
Superior mesenteric vein - ANSWER
Case
The roots and trunks of a plexus enter the posterior triangle of the neck between the
anterior scalene and middle scalene.
Question
What forms the inferior trunk of this plexus?
Answer Choices
A Anterior rami of C5 to C8 and T1
B Continuation of the C7 root
C Union of C5 and C6 roots
D Union of C8 and T1 roots - ANSWER
Question
A structure is composed of a fundus, corpus, cervical canal, and cervix.
What serves as secondary support—rather than a primary support—to this structure?
Answer Choices
A Broad ligament
B Cardinal ligament
C Pubocervical ligament
D Uterosacral ligament - ANSWER
,Question
A fluid mosaic structure separates the extracellular and intracellular space.
What molecule can traverse this structure most easily?
Answer Choices
A Cholesterol
B Glucose
C Ions
D Water - ANSWER
Question
A soft bilobed gland is relatively large during early years and becomes comparatively
smaller throughout adulthood.
The base of this organ is located in which part of the mediastinum?
Answer Choices
A Anterior
B Middle
C Posterior
D Superior - ANSWER
Case
Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is improving the clinical outcome of a liver transplantation surgery
by reducing the magnitude of the inflammatory response.
Question
What pleiotropic outcome might also be affected by this cytokine?
Answer Choices
A Decreased mortality of bacterial sepsis
B Decreased T-cell apoptosis
C Increased antimicrobial function
D Increased graft rejection - ANSWER
Case
A patient with Graves' disease is currently symptomatic. Laboratory analysis
demonstrates abnormal TSH and TSH receptor antibody levels, despite patient
compliance of antithyroid drug use.
Question
What condition may the patient develop?
Answer Choices
A Cystitis
B Orbitopathy
C Sebum overproduction
D Systemic lupus erythematosus - ANSWER
Question
An osteofibrous passageway leads from the wrist to the hand. What forms the anterior
wall of this structure?
, Answer Choices
A Flexor digitorum superficialis tendons
B Flexor retinaculum
C Median nerve
D synovial sheath - ANSWERflexor retinaculum
Case
Protein components within a cell membrane are conducting transportation of
substances that are unable to diffuse passively.
Question
What can be transported in this manner?
Answer Choices
A Carbon dioxide
B Ions
C Oxygen
D
Steroid hormones - ANSWER
Question
Glucose enters a series of reactions that transfers some of the energy from it to ADP.
Which product of this reaction travels to the mitochondria to enter the Krebs cycle?
Answer Choices A Adenine triphosphate B Glucose-6 phosphate C NADH D Pyruvate -
ANSWER
Question
ATP synthase phosphorylates ADP.
Where does this process take place with respect to the mitochondria?
Answer Choices A Cytosol B Inner membrane C Matrix D Ribosome - ANSWER
Case
Factor XII is exposed to endothelial collagen and becomes Factor XIIA, an activated
serine protease. A cascade of clotting factors follows and includes factors XI, IX, and X.
Question
Which factor displays the highest concentration throughout this progression?
Answer Choices A IX B X C XI D XII - ANSWER
Question
What is the major mode of transmission of rhinovirus associated with infection?
Answer Choices A Blood transmission B Droplet transmission C Sexual transmission D
Vesicle fluid transmission - ANSWER
Question
A structure is formed by a dorsal and ventral fiber, and it exits through an intervertebral
foramen.
Which structure of this kind supplies the diaphragm?
Answer Choices A C3 B C7 C L1 D L3 - ANSWER
