AP Gov Constitutional Cases and Documents| UPDATED 2024/2025| Cases v. case

AP Gov Constitutional Cases and Documents| UPDATED 2024/2025| Cases v. case What is the **Marbury v. Madison (1803)** case known for? It established the principle of judicial review, allowing the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional. What was the significance of **McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)**? It affirmed the supremacy of federal law over state law and established the concept of implied powers through the Necessary and Proper Clause. What did the Supreme Court rule in **Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)**? The Court held that the federal government has the power to regulate interstate commerce, reinforcing federal authority over states. What is the main issue addressed in **Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)**? The ruling denied citizenship to African American slaves and declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional, inflaming tensions over slavery. What was the outcome of **Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)**? The Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the "separate but equal" doctrine. 2 What did the **Brown v. Board of Education (1954)** ruling determine? It declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional, effectively overturning Plessy v. Ferguson. What was the importance of the **Baker v. Carr (1962)** decision? It established the principle of "one person, one vote," requiring legislative districts to be roughly equal in population. What did **Engel v. Vitale (1962)** address regarding school prayer? The Court ruled that state-sponsored prayer in public schools violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. What was the ruling in **Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)**? The Supreme Court held that the right to counsel is a fundamental right, requiring states to provide legal representation to defendants who cannot afford it. What is the significance of **Miranda v. Arizona (1966)**? It established the requirement for law enforcement to inform individuals of their rights to an attorney and against selfincrimination during interrogations. What did the Supreme Court decide in **Loving v. Virginia (1967)**? The Court ruled that laws banning interracial marriage violate the Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment. 3 What was the ruling in **Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969)**? The Supreme Court affirmed that students have the right to free speech in schools as long as it does not disrupt educational activities. What does **New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)** address? The ruling upheld the freedom of the press by allowing the publication of the Pentagon Papers, emphasizing the importance of a free press in a democracy. What was the outcome of **Roe v. Wade (1973)**? The Supreme Court recognized a woman's right to choose to have an abortion under the right to privacy, balancing it with state interests. What is the significance of **United States v. Nixon (1974)**? The ruling affirmed the principle of judicial review and established that the President is not above the law, leading to Nixon's resignation. What did the Supreme Court determine in **Regents of the University of