Cognitive Neuroscience questions with correct
answers
CH 1) #1. Describe the main goals of the field of "cognitive
neuroscience", discussing how it
specifically merges the goals of cognitive psychology and neuroscience
Correct Answer-Cognitive neuroscience - is the scientific study of the
relations between brain function and behavior, cognitive processes and
emotion.
The ultimate goal of cognitive neuroscience - is to understand how the
brain enables the mind between biology and psychology.
To comprehend the connection between the brain and the mind, it is
necessary to ground ourselves in two concrete bodies of data:
Psychology (1) the way humans behave, perceive, and decide and
Neuroscience (2) the biological mechanisms that underlie those
behaviors.
--> Cognitive Psychology and Neuroscience were both first used as
terms in the 1960s
--> Cognitive Neuroscience was not coined until the 1970's but in the
past 20 years really come to its own.
CH 1) #2. Distinguish between understanding the brain's components
and understanding its functioning Correct Answer-
CH 1) #7. Describe at least four of the big questions in cognitive
neuroscience discussed in Chapter 1, writing a paragraph for each.
Correct Answer-1. What is Consciousness?
,- Consciousness is everything you are going through, its the state of
being awake and aware of ones surroundings.
2. How do we make decisions?
- We outweigh the good and the bad, using intuition
3. what are emotions?
- a natural instinctive state of mind deriving from one's circumstances,
mood, or relationships with others.
CH 1) #8. Describe at least two of "payoffs of cognitive neuroscience"
discussed in the chapter, giving a specific example of a possible
method/treatment for each and then discuss at least one problem or
issues that have yet to be overcome before the specific method/treatment
will be able to be fully developed. Correct Answer-1. Healing the
disordered brain
--> Depression affects as many as 1 in 10 individuals.
--> Techniques such as rTMS and deep brain stimulation have been
identified that can help alleviate the symptoms of conditions such as
depression, Parkinson's disease, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
2. Enhancing Human Abilities
--> Understanding how humans make decisions can provide insight into
how to encourage us to make better decisions.
--> Brain interface devices, such as cochlear implants and implanted
electrodes to enable paralyzed patients to move devices outside their
own body, can restore lost functions to individuals.
,3. Blueprints for Artificial Cognition
--> Researchers are learning from the brain to improve the abilities of
our computing devices, such as speech recognition, locomotion, and
object recognition.
--> Such artificial "neural networks" are now being used to recognize
patterns of brain activity in brain imaging studies.
--> Much remains to be done to find artificial equivalents to much
human cognition.
4. Brain-Compatible Social Policies
--> Eyewitnesses are very compelling in the courtroom, but are
notoriously unreliable.
--> Cognitive neuroscience can help understand and explain the factors
that influence the memory of such witnesses.
--> An increased understanding of the neuroscience of addiction can
inform our policies regarding punishment and treatment of addicts.
--> Such research suggests ways to attack the demand for the drugs
within the reward system of the brain.
--> Modern neuroscientific research has important implications for
criminal punishment and rehabilitation.
--> It is estimated that about 25% of the American prison population has
a mental illness, so providing appropriate care is important.
CH 1) 3. Describe the goal of connectional methods used to study mind-
brain relationships. Also describe specific techniques used in this
method (e.g., tracer mapping and diffusion tensor imaging). Finally
, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this method of studying
mind- brain relationships. Correct Answer-Connectional methods with
basic tracer methods is staining neurons that are active. An example of
this is DTI. Connectional method can be used on a live brain but it just
gives us an idea of what's happening
CH 1) 4. Describe the goal of correlational methods used to study mind-
brain relationships. Also describe specific techniques used in this
method (e.g., microelectrodes, microdialysis, electroencephalography,
magnetoencephalography, positron emission tomography, magnetic
resonance imaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging). Finally
discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this general method of
studying mind-brain relationships. Correct Answer-To do this the
researcher observe a brain activity changes as behavior changes provides
information about the brain regions that are important for that behavior.
Correlational methods can be used less invasively in a EEG and MEG.
EEG has electrodes on the scalp to monitor brain activity, MEG
monitors small magnetic field around the brain from electrical activity.
Correlational methods are the less invasive methods and shows what
areas of the brain are active but can't show cause and effect
5. Describe the goal of (naturally occurring) lesion methods* used to
study mind-brain relationships. Also describe specific techniques used in
this method (e.g., traumatic brain injuries, strokes, tumors). Finally
discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this general method of
studying mind-brain relationships. (* the textbook does not cover
experimentally created lesions—i.e., ablation methods) Correct Answer-
Lesions are areas of the brain that are damaged by disease and stroke.
Lesions are small enough to only affect one part of the brain. The lesion
may also spare just enough tissue to make it look like the part of the
answers
CH 1) #1. Describe the main goals of the field of "cognitive
neuroscience", discussing how it
specifically merges the goals of cognitive psychology and neuroscience
Correct Answer-Cognitive neuroscience - is the scientific study of the
relations between brain function and behavior, cognitive processes and
emotion.
The ultimate goal of cognitive neuroscience - is to understand how the
brain enables the mind between biology and psychology.
To comprehend the connection between the brain and the mind, it is
necessary to ground ourselves in two concrete bodies of data:
Psychology (1) the way humans behave, perceive, and decide and
Neuroscience (2) the biological mechanisms that underlie those
behaviors.
--> Cognitive Psychology and Neuroscience were both first used as
terms in the 1960s
--> Cognitive Neuroscience was not coined until the 1970's but in the
past 20 years really come to its own.
CH 1) #2. Distinguish between understanding the brain's components
and understanding its functioning Correct Answer-
CH 1) #7. Describe at least four of the big questions in cognitive
neuroscience discussed in Chapter 1, writing a paragraph for each.
Correct Answer-1. What is Consciousness?
,- Consciousness is everything you are going through, its the state of
being awake and aware of ones surroundings.
2. How do we make decisions?
- We outweigh the good and the bad, using intuition
3. what are emotions?
- a natural instinctive state of mind deriving from one's circumstances,
mood, or relationships with others.
CH 1) #8. Describe at least two of "payoffs of cognitive neuroscience"
discussed in the chapter, giving a specific example of a possible
method/treatment for each and then discuss at least one problem or
issues that have yet to be overcome before the specific method/treatment
will be able to be fully developed. Correct Answer-1. Healing the
disordered brain
--> Depression affects as many as 1 in 10 individuals.
--> Techniques such as rTMS and deep brain stimulation have been
identified that can help alleviate the symptoms of conditions such as
depression, Parkinson's disease, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
2. Enhancing Human Abilities
--> Understanding how humans make decisions can provide insight into
how to encourage us to make better decisions.
--> Brain interface devices, such as cochlear implants and implanted
electrodes to enable paralyzed patients to move devices outside their
own body, can restore lost functions to individuals.
,3. Blueprints for Artificial Cognition
--> Researchers are learning from the brain to improve the abilities of
our computing devices, such as speech recognition, locomotion, and
object recognition.
--> Such artificial "neural networks" are now being used to recognize
patterns of brain activity in brain imaging studies.
--> Much remains to be done to find artificial equivalents to much
human cognition.
4. Brain-Compatible Social Policies
--> Eyewitnesses are very compelling in the courtroom, but are
notoriously unreliable.
--> Cognitive neuroscience can help understand and explain the factors
that influence the memory of such witnesses.
--> An increased understanding of the neuroscience of addiction can
inform our policies regarding punishment and treatment of addicts.
--> Such research suggests ways to attack the demand for the drugs
within the reward system of the brain.
--> Modern neuroscientific research has important implications for
criminal punishment and rehabilitation.
--> It is estimated that about 25% of the American prison population has
a mental illness, so providing appropriate care is important.
CH 1) 3. Describe the goal of connectional methods used to study mind-
brain relationships. Also describe specific techniques used in this
method (e.g., tracer mapping and diffusion tensor imaging). Finally
, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this method of studying
mind- brain relationships. Correct Answer-Connectional methods with
basic tracer methods is staining neurons that are active. An example of
this is DTI. Connectional method can be used on a live brain but it just
gives us an idea of what's happening
CH 1) 4. Describe the goal of correlational methods used to study mind-
brain relationships. Also describe specific techniques used in this
method (e.g., microelectrodes, microdialysis, electroencephalography,
magnetoencephalography, positron emission tomography, magnetic
resonance imaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging). Finally
discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this general method of
studying mind-brain relationships. Correct Answer-To do this the
researcher observe a brain activity changes as behavior changes provides
information about the brain regions that are important for that behavior.
Correlational methods can be used less invasively in a EEG and MEG.
EEG has electrodes on the scalp to monitor brain activity, MEG
monitors small magnetic field around the brain from electrical activity.
Correlational methods are the less invasive methods and shows what
areas of the brain are active but can't show cause and effect
5. Describe the goal of (naturally occurring) lesion methods* used to
study mind-brain relationships. Also describe specific techniques used in
this method (e.g., traumatic brain injuries, strokes, tumors). Finally
discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this general method of
studying mind-brain relationships. (* the textbook does not cover
experimentally created lesions—i.e., ablation methods) Correct Answer-
Lesions are areas of the brain that are damaged by disease and stroke.
Lesions are small enough to only affect one part of the brain. The lesion
may also spare just enough tissue to make it look like the part of the
