Pathoma Chapter 2: Questions & Accurate Solutions

Pathoma Chapters 1-3: Questions & Answers (Rated
A+)

Hypertrophy vs Hyperplasia:
These processes happen in response to an increased or decreased
stress/stimulus? Right Ans - Increased

Hypertrophy vs Hyperplasia:
Which involves protein synthesis and production of organelles? Right Ans -
Hypertrophy

Hypertrophy vs Hyperplasia:
Which involves activation of Stem Cells? Right Ans - Hyperplasia

Hypertrophy vs Hyperplasia:
What are the 3 permanent tissues? Right Ans - 1. CNS
2. Cardiac Muscle
3. Skeletal Muscle

Hypertrophy vs Hyperplasia:
What defines a Permanent tissue? Right Ans - No Stem Cells

Hypertrophy vs Hyperplasia:
What is the only Hyperplasia that doesn't have an increased risk for cancer?
Right Ans - BPH
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Hypertrophy vs Hyperplasia:
Which can progress to dysplasia? Right Ans - Hyperplasia

Atrophy:
This response happens due to an increase or decrease in stimulus/stress?
Right Ans - Decrease

Atrophy:
Is a decrease in cell size, number or both? Right Ans - Both
Decrease in Size and Number

,Atrophy:
Decrease in cell number occurs via apoptosis or necrosis? Right Ans -
Apoptosis

Atrophy:
Decrease in cell size occurs via which pathway? Right Ans -
Ubiquitinization

Metaplasia:
What are the 3 kinds of Epithelium? Right Ans - 1. Squamous
2. Transitional
3. Columnar

Metaplasia:
What disease is a classic example of this process? Right Ans - Barret's
Esophagus

Metaplasia:
Barret's Esophagus is a change of epithelium from what type to what type?
Right Ans - Squamous to Columnar

Metaplasia:
Occurs via reprogramming of what cells? Right Ans - Stem Cells

Metaplasia:
Does this process increase risk of CA? Right Ans - Yes

Metaplasia:
What is the only metaplasia that does not increase risk of CA? Right Ans -
Apocrine Metaplasia of Breast
i.e. Fibrocystic Changes

What is the difference between Aplasia and Hypoplasia? Right Ans -
Aplasia = Failure of Cell production during embryogenesis
Hypoplasia = Decreased Cell production during embryogenesis

Oxygen Delivery:
Hypoxia is an inability to get Oxygen to what? Right Ans - Tissue

, Oxygen Delivery:
Hypoxemia is an inability to get Oxygen to what? Right Ans - Blood

Oxygen Delivery:
What is FiO2? Right Ans - Percent of O2 in Air we breath

Oxygen Delivery:
What are the 3 Important components of FiO2? Right Ans - 1. Oxygen
2. CO2
3. Nitrogen

Oxygen Delivery:
What is PAO2? Right Ans - Percent of O2 in Alveolus

Oxygen Delivery:
What are the 2 important components of PAO2? Right Ans - 1. Oxygen
2. CO2

Oxygen Delivery:
What is the relationship between Oxygen and CO2 in Alveolus? Right Ans -
Oxygen = 1/CO2

Oxygen Delivery:
What is the relationship between CO2 and Ventilation in Alveolus? Right
Ans - Ventilation = 1/CO2

Oxygen Delivery:
What is PaO2? Right Ans - Oxygen dissolved in blood

Oxygen Delivery:
FiO2 → PAO2 → PaO2 → SaO2;
What do the 3 arrows represent? Right Ans - 1st Arrow = Airway
2nd Arrow = O2 transfer from Lung to Blood i.e. Diffusion
3rd Arrow = O2 transfer from Blood to Hb

Oxygen Delivery:
FiO2 → PAO2 → PaO2 → SaO2;
What parts above represent Hypoxemia? Right Ans - *FiO2 → PAO2 →*