ITLS FINAL EXAM 100% PASS QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED ANSWERS

What is normal paCO2 - ANS 35-45mmHg When is intracranial pressure considered dangerous - ANS They rise in 15 mmHg and cerebral herniation may occur at pressures above 25 mmHg How is cerebral perfusion pressure calculated - ANS Subtracting intracranial pressure from mean arterial blood pressure What is map - ANS Mean arterial pressure If ICP increases then what happens to cerebral perfusion pressure - ANS Cerebral perfusion pressure will decrease Through perfusion pressure must maintain at least what - ANS 60 mmHg which requires maintaining a systolic blood pressure of 110 What is cerebral herniation syndrome - ANS A critical syndrome in which swelling of the brain forces portions of the brain through the magnum foremen causing coma, dilation of pupils, contralateral paralysis, elevated blood pressure and bradycardia When is hyperventilation indicated - ANS Cerebral herniation syndrome How many breaths per minute for children and infants with cerebral herniation syndrome - ANS 25 for children and 30 for infants Patients with ICP should have an end title CO2 of what - ANS 30 to 35 What are normal ventilation rate for adults children and infants - ANS 8 to 10,15 and 20 What is non-reflow phenomenon - ANS The inability of restoring oxygenation and blood pressure to restore perfusion to the cortex after and anoxic episode of 4 to 6 minutes What artery is often teared in acute epidural hematoma - ANS Middle meningeal artery Whatis it called when a patient is conscious and coherent and then lapses into unconsciousness - ANS Lucid interval What type of bleed is often acute subdural hematoma - ANS Venous Where does the bleeding occur in an acute subdural hematoma - ANS Between the dura and the arachnoid