PHM 520 Final Exam Practice Exam 2024-2025
what type of reactions are the most common cause of drug incompatibility and why?
Answer acid-base reactions because precipitation of nonionized drug forms
approximately how many commonly used drugs are incompatible or unstable when
added or combined with usual fluids or agents?
a. 10%
b. 30%
c. 50%
d. 70% Answer b. 30%
an undesirable reaction occurring between a drug and a container, solution, or another
drug is called? Answer incompatibility
alteration of drug effect due to the influence of another substance is called? - Answer
drug interactions
where do interactions occur? - Answer inside the body
where does incompatibility occur? - Answer in a fluid contianer or infusion line
are interactions or are incompatibilities visible? - Answer incompatibilities
what type of incompatibility results from the modification of pharmacological effect from
prior concomitant administration of other drugs? - Answer therapeutic incompatibilty
,what mechanism of therapeutic incompatibility involves the effect of a drug on another
from the point of view of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion? - Answer
pharmacokinetic
what mechanism of therapeutic incompatibility is related to pharmacological activity of
the interacting drugs such as synergism/antagonism? - Answer pharmacodynamic
pharmacodynamic is what the _______ does to the _______ - Answer drug, body
pharmacokinetic is what the _______ does to the ________ - Answer body, drug
an interaction that results in change in color, odor, taste, viscosity, and morphology is
what type of incompatibility? - Answer physical incompatibility
physical incompatibilities usually refer to? - Answer precipitation or phase separation
what are factors responsible for physical incompatibility? - Answer pH value and buffer
capacity, solubility and precipitation, complex formation, adsorption
what will be the effect on urinary pH following the ingestion of antacids for 24 hours? -
ANS increase pH
when the urinary pH is made more alkaline, acidic drugs are excreted at a ______rate-
ANS faster
when the urine is either acidic or more alkaline, which will result in the diffusing back of
acidic drugs into the blood? - ANS acidic
the interactions between ionised drugs result in the formation of_______ with _______
charges - ANS complexes, reduced
,cation-anion interactions result in? - Answer formation of relatively insoluble precipitate
ion pair formation results in? - Answer burying of charges
what is the interaction between a metal atom or ion and another species called? -
Answer chelation
the attachment of a molecule to a surface is called? - Answer adsorption
what type of incompatibility results in change in chemical properties of pharmaceutical
dosage form? - Answer chemical incompatibility
hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, racemization are types of what incompatibility? -
Answer chemical
which types of solubilization methods use a means of entrapment?
a) complexation
b) micellar
c) hydrotrophy
d) a and b
e) all of the above - Answer *d) a and b
which of the following expresses the number of moles of solute in 1 kg of solvent?
a) molarity (M)
b) molality (m)
, c) normality (N)
d) mole fraction - Answer *b) molality (m)
a is incorrect because molarity is the number of moles of solute in 1 liter of SOLUTION
c is incorrect because this is equivalents of solute in 1 liter of solution
d is wrong because this would provide the mole fraction ratio of moles of constituent to
total moles
driving force in drug movement in aqueous diffusion model:
a) active transport
b) facilitated transport
c) concentration gradient
c) concentration gradient
which are most likely to diffuse across membranes:
a) charged drugs
b) ionized drugs
c) polar drugs
d) non-ionized drugs - Answer *d) non-ionized drugs
a, b, and c all hydrophilic and are not as likely to cross the membrane since membrane
permeability favors more lipophilic drugs
Which of the following equation describes the change in concentration with time at
given place, considering cross sectional area and partition coefficient?
a) Fick's first law
what type of reactions are the most common cause of drug incompatibility and why?
Answer acid-base reactions because precipitation of nonionized drug forms
approximately how many commonly used drugs are incompatible or unstable when
added or combined with usual fluids or agents?
a. 10%
b. 30%
c. 50%
d. 70% Answer b. 30%
an undesirable reaction occurring between a drug and a container, solution, or another
drug is called? Answer incompatibility
alteration of drug effect due to the influence of another substance is called? - Answer
drug interactions
where do interactions occur? - Answer inside the body
where does incompatibility occur? - Answer in a fluid contianer or infusion line
are interactions or are incompatibilities visible? - Answer incompatibilities
what type of incompatibility results from the modification of pharmacological effect from
prior concomitant administration of other drugs? - Answer therapeutic incompatibilty
,what mechanism of therapeutic incompatibility involves the effect of a drug on another
from the point of view of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion? - Answer
pharmacokinetic
what mechanism of therapeutic incompatibility is related to pharmacological activity of
the interacting drugs such as synergism/antagonism? - Answer pharmacodynamic
pharmacodynamic is what the _______ does to the _______ - Answer drug, body
pharmacokinetic is what the _______ does to the ________ - Answer body, drug
an interaction that results in change in color, odor, taste, viscosity, and morphology is
what type of incompatibility? - Answer physical incompatibility
physical incompatibilities usually refer to? - Answer precipitation or phase separation
what are factors responsible for physical incompatibility? - Answer pH value and buffer
capacity, solubility and precipitation, complex formation, adsorption
what will be the effect on urinary pH following the ingestion of antacids for 24 hours? -
ANS increase pH
when the urinary pH is made more alkaline, acidic drugs are excreted at a ______rate-
ANS faster
when the urine is either acidic or more alkaline, which will result in the diffusing back of
acidic drugs into the blood? - ANS acidic
the interactions between ionised drugs result in the formation of_______ with _______
charges - ANS complexes, reduced
,cation-anion interactions result in? - Answer formation of relatively insoluble precipitate
ion pair formation results in? - Answer burying of charges
what is the interaction between a metal atom or ion and another species called? -
Answer chelation
the attachment of a molecule to a surface is called? - Answer adsorption
what type of incompatibility results in change in chemical properties of pharmaceutical
dosage form? - Answer chemical incompatibility
hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, racemization are types of what incompatibility? -
Answer chemical
which types of solubilization methods use a means of entrapment?
a) complexation
b) micellar
c) hydrotrophy
d) a and b
e) all of the above - Answer *d) a and b
which of the following expresses the number of moles of solute in 1 kg of solvent?
a) molarity (M)
b) molality (m)
, c) normality (N)
d) mole fraction - Answer *b) molality (m)
a is incorrect because molarity is the number of moles of solute in 1 liter of SOLUTION
c is incorrect because this is equivalents of solute in 1 liter of solution
d is wrong because this would provide the mole fraction ratio of moles of constituent to
total moles
driving force in drug movement in aqueous diffusion model:
a) active transport
b) facilitated transport
c) concentration gradient
c) concentration gradient
which are most likely to diffuse across membranes:
a) charged drugs
b) ionized drugs
c) polar drugs
d) non-ionized drugs - Answer *d) non-ionized drugs
a, b, and c all hydrophilic and are not as likely to cross the membrane since membrane
permeability favors more lipophilic drugs
Which of the following equation describes the change in concentration with time at
given place, considering cross sectional area and partition coefficient?
a) Fick's first law
