216 Patho Test 4.
Functions of kidneys - ANSWER -filters blood of waste
-develops a concentrated urine
-secretes renin to control bp
-secretes erythropoietin
-maintains acide-base balance
-excretes excess potassium
-synthesize a component of vitamin d
what happens if kidneys isnt working - ANSWER -toxic build up of urea + creatinine
-anemia due to lack of erythropoietin
-ph is acidosis metabolic (ph goes down)
-hyperkalemia (dysrythmia) excess k+
-risk for osteoporosis and bone issues (due to lack of vit d)
-lose important components if not filtering out properly + fluid
-poor regulation of blood pressure
what kidney structure reabsorbs + absorb filtration system 1 - ANSWER nephron
Bowman's capsule - ANSWER blood begins process of filtration pushed through
what pressure is used to push through force in bowman's capsule - ANSWER hydrostatic pressure
proximal tubule - ANSWER MORE H20 absorption than electrolytes
distal tubules - ANSWER MORE ELECTROLYTES absorption than water
Loop of henle - ANSWER -most water and salt reabsorbed
-where urea, a nitrogenous waste is excreted
,kidneys need what to perform well - ANSWER perfussion. most sensitive organ when it comes to
blood flow
levels of urea is measured by - ANSWER BUN
azotemia - ANSWER high BUN
Nephrons - ANSWER where waste is exchanged and fluid retained or excreted
glomerular filtration - ANSWER -amount of blood filtered by the glomerus per minute (decreases
after age 30)
what releases angiotensinogen into blood - ANSWER liver
what stimulates aldosterone secretion by adrenal cortex - ANSWER angiotensin II
aldosterone does what - ANSWER stimulates Na+ and H20 reabsorption in nephrons
Blood creatinine - ANSWER -breakdown product of muscle
-excreted by kidneys when blood level increases meANSWER kidneys are not functioning properly
-very specific to kidneys
decreased in creatinine in urine meANSWER - ANSWER decreased in renal function
GFR - ANSWER amount of blood fiktered by the glomerus per minute
decreased gfr indicates - ANSWER decreased renal function
BUN - ANSWER urea is a waste product when blood level increase it indicates decrease in renal
function
breakdown of purine - ANSWER uric acid
, where does the kidneys sit - ANSWER costovertebral
kidney stones - ANSWER -severe pain from the constovertebral angle of back to abdomen and lower
groin
-caused by calcium struvite,uric acid and cystine
Nephro and Urolithiasis - ANSWER uro (stones in ureter)
nephro (kidneys)
formation of stones or calculi
how do stones travel - ANSWER kidneys to the ureter to bladder (downwards)
causes of calculi - ANSWER -dehydration
-hypercalcemia (most common cause)
-hyperparathyroidism
-gout
why does high purine intake in gout causes stones - ANSWER crystalizes and lead to stones ( found in
high meat intake)
stones can lead to - ANSWER obstruction
obstruction due to stones can lead to - ANSWER back up of urine in kidney (hydronephrosis)
hydronephrosis symptoms - ANSWER -edema in renal pelvis
-restricted blood flow
-compression of kidney tissue
-ischemia
-renal failure
Functions of kidneys - ANSWER -filters blood of waste
-develops a concentrated urine
-secretes renin to control bp
-secretes erythropoietin
-maintains acide-base balance
-excretes excess potassium
-synthesize a component of vitamin d
what happens if kidneys isnt working - ANSWER -toxic build up of urea + creatinine
-anemia due to lack of erythropoietin
-ph is acidosis metabolic (ph goes down)
-hyperkalemia (dysrythmia) excess k+
-risk for osteoporosis and bone issues (due to lack of vit d)
-lose important components if not filtering out properly + fluid
-poor regulation of blood pressure
what kidney structure reabsorbs + absorb filtration system 1 - ANSWER nephron
Bowman's capsule - ANSWER blood begins process of filtration pushed through
what pressure is used to push through force in bowman's capsule - ANSWER hydrostatic pressure
proximal tubule - ANSWER MORE H20 absorption than electrolytes
distal tubules - ANSWER MORE ELECTROLYTES absorption than water
Loop of henle - ANSWER -most water and salt reabsorbed
-where urea, a nitrogenous waste is excreted
,kidneys need what to perform well - ANSWER perfussion. most sensitive organ when it comes to
blood flow
levels of urea is measured by - ANSWER BUN
azotemia - ANSWER high BUN
Nephrons - ANSWER where waste is exchanged and fluid retained or excreted
glomerular filtration - ANSWER -amount of blood filtered by the glomerus per minute (decreases
after age 30)
what releases angiotensinogen into blood - ANSWER liver
what stimulates aldosterone secretion by adrenal cortex - ANSWER angiotensin II
aldosterone does what - ANSWER stimulates Na+ and H20 reabsorption in nephrons
Blood creatinine - ANSWER -breakdown product of muscle
-excreted by kidneys when blood level increases meANSWER kidneys are not functioning properly
-very specific to kidneys
decreased in creatinine in urine meANSWER - ANSWER decreased in renal function
GFR - ANSWER amount of blood fiktered by the glomerus per minute
decreased gfr indicates - ANSWER decreased renal function
BUN - ANSWER urea is a waste product when blood level increase it indicates decrease in renal
function
breakdown of purine - ANSWER uric acid
, where does the kidneys sit - ANSWER costovertebral
kidney stones - ANSWER -severe pain from the constovertebral angle of back to abdomen and lower
groin
-caused by calcium struvite,uric acid and cystine
Nephro and Urolithiasis - ANSWER uro (stones in ureter)
nephro (kidneys)
formation of stones or calculi
how do stones travel - ANSWER kidneys to the ureter to bladder (downwards)
causes of calculi - ANSWER -dehydration
-hypercalcemia (most common cause)
-hyperparathyroidism
-gout
why does high purine intake in gout causes stones - ANSWER crystalizes and lead to stones ( found in
high meat intake)
stones can lead to - ANSWER obstruction
obstruction due to stones can lead to - ANSWER back up of urine in kidney (hydronephrosis)
hydronephrosis symptoms - ANSWER -edema in renal pelvis
-restricted blood flow
-compression of kidney tissue
-ischemia
-renal failure
