Human Learning, 8th Edition TEST BANK by Ormrod
When going to bed Simon could hear the sound of the tap dripping in the bathroom.
Initially, it didn't bother him very much but as he listened to it for over an hour while
he was trying to get to sleep it started to bother him more and more until eventually,
he had to get out of bed and turn the tap off. - ANSWER:example of sensitization
What is learning? - ANSWER:a change in behaviour due to experience
Does learning always require change? - ANSWER:Learning always involves some sort
of change.
Habituation - ANSWER:a decline in responding to repeated presentations of a
stimulus
Decline in response that is not Habituation - ANSWER:Fatigue and Adaptation
Dishabituation - ANSWER:re-emergence of a habituated response due to the
presentation of another external stimulus
Groves and Thompson's Theory of habituation suggests - ANSWER:1. that there are
separate processes which cause sensitization and habituation, which combine to
produce the observed behaviour.
2. that habituation is due to a simple stimulus-response change.
3. that sensitization is due to changes in arousal of the organism.
4. that sensitization is not stimulus specific but habituation is.
The birds that were eating at the bird feeder initially flew away when the shadow of
Charlie's kite passed over the feeder. However, after Charlie had been flying the kite
for 15 minutes, the birds had all returned and didn't stop feeding when the kite
passed overhead. - ANSWER:example of habituation.
Six weeks ago, Pamela bought a new computer that makes a constant humming
sound while it is running. At first Pamela found this new sound distracted her and
made it difficult to concentrate. However, now she no longer even notices the
humming sound. - ANSWER:example of habituation.
Seeing blood always has made Sela feel sick. The movie she saw last week presented
a drill-like noise just before the madman butchered each victim. Sela has noticed
that she now feels queasy each time she hears the drills at the construction site next
door. - ANSWER:example of classical conditioning
Sensitization - ANSWER:the increase in responding that you see as a result of
repeated presentations of a stimulus.
, conditioned stimulus (CS) - ANSWER:in classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant
stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus (US), comes to trigger
a conditioned response.
conditioned response (CR) - ANSWER:in classical conditioning, the learned response
to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS)
unconditioned response (UR) - ANSWER:In classical conditioning, the unlearned,
naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (US), such as salivation
when food is in the mouth.
unconditioned stimulus (US) - ANSWER:in classical conditioning, a stimulus that
unconditionally—naturally and automatically—triggers a response.
Dwight's Conditioned Stimulus (CS): - ANSWER:Computer Start-Up Sound
Dwight's Unconditioned Stimulus (US) - ANSWER:Altoid Mint
Dwight's Conditioned Response (CR) - ANSWER:Reaching for mint and bad taste in
mouth
Dwight's Unconditioned Response (UR) - ANSWER:Enjoys the fresh mint taste
According to the opponent-process theory, when the scary movie is over and you
walk out of the theatre, you will most probably experience - ANSWER:A very positive
emotion and a sense of relief
opponent-process theory - ANSWER:stimuli which produces a strong primary
emotion, when the stimulus terminates then you experience an emotional after-
reaction which is opposite to the primary emotion.
Under what circumstances are you most likely to avoid going to the club again? -
ANSWER:You hear a gunshot within the first minutes of walking into the club. (short
delay conditioning)
Long Delay Conditioning - ANSWER:You have been dancing at the club for hours and
you hear a gunshot.
Long Delay Conditioning - ANSWER:A type of classical conditioning in which the
onset of the conditioned stimulus precedes that of the unconditioned stimulus by at
least several seconds and continues until the unconditioned stimulus is presented.
backwards conditioning - ANSWER:in classical conditioning, presenting the
unconditioned stimulus before the conditioned stimulus
backwards conditioning - ANSWER:You hear a gunshot(US) before you arrive at the
club (CS).
When going to bed Simon could hear the sound of the tap dripping in the bathroom.
Initially, it didn't bother him very much but as he listened to it for over an hour while
he was trying to get to sleep it started to bother him more and more until eventually,
he had to get out of bed and turn the tap off. - ANSWER:example of sensitization
What is learning? - ANSWER:a change in behaviour due to experience
Does learning always require change? - ANSWER:Learning always involves some sort
of change.
Habituation - ANSWER:a decline in responding to repeated presentations of a
stimulus
Decline in response that is not Habituation - ANSWER:Fatigue and Adaptation
Dishabituation - ANSWER:re-emergence of a habituated response due to the
presentation of another external stimulus
Groves and Thompson's Theory of habituation suggests - ANSWER:1. that there are
separate processes which cause sensitization and habituation, which combine to
produce the observed behaviour.
2. that habituation is due to a simple stimulus-response change.
3. that sensitization is due to changes in arousal of the organism.
4. that sensitization is not stimulus specific but habituation is.
The birds that were eating at the bird feeder initially flew away when the shadow of
Charlie's kite passed over the feeder. However, after Charlie had been flying the kite
for 15 minutes, the birds had all returned and didn't stop feeding when the kite
passed overhead. - ANSWER:example of habituation.
Six weeks ago, Pamela bought a new computer that makes a constant humming
sound while it is running. At first Pamela found this new sound distracted her and
made it difficult to concentrate. However, now she no longer even notices the
humming sound. - ANSWER:example of habituation.
Seeing blood always has made Sela feel sick. The movie she saw last week presented
a drill-like noise just before the madman butchered each victim. Sela has noticed
that she now feels queasy each time she hears the drills at the construction site next
door. - ANSWER:example of classical conditioning
Sensitization - ANSWER:the increase in responding that you see as a result of
repeated presentations of a stimulus.
, conditioned stimulus (CS) - ANSWER:in classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant
stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus (US), comes to trigger
a conditioned response.
conditioned response (CR) - ANSWER:in classical conditioning, the learned response
to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS)
unconditioned response (UR) - ANSWER:In classical conditioning, the unlearned,
naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (US), such as salivation
when food is in the mouth.
unconditioned stimulus (US) - ANSWER:in classical conditioning, a stimulus that
unconditionally—naturally and automatically—triggers a response.
Dwight's Conditioned Stimulus (CS): - ANSWER:Computer Start-Up Sound
Dwight's Unconditioned Stimulus (US) - ANSWER:Altoid Mint
Dwight's Conditioned Response (CR) - ANSWER:Reaching for mint and bad taste in
mouth
Dwight's Unconditioned Response (UR) - ANSWER:Enjoys the fresh mint taste
According to the opponent-process theory, when the scary movie is over and you
walk out of the theatre, you will most probably experience - ANSWER:A very positive
emotion and a sense of relief
opponent-process theory - ANSWER:stimuli which produces a strong primary
emotion, when the stimulus terminates then you experience an emotional after-
reaction which is opposite to the primary emotion.
Under what circumstances are you most likely to avoid going to the club again? -
ANSWER:You hear a gunshot within the first minutes of walking into the club. (short
delay conditioning)
Long Delay Conditioning - ANSWER:You have been dancing at the club for hours and
you hear a gunshot.
Long Delay Conditioning - ANSWER:A type of classical conditioning in which the
onset of the conditioned stimulus precedes that of the unconditioned stimulus by at
least several seconds and continues until the unconditioned stimulus is presented.
backwards conditioning - ANSWER:in classical conditioning, presenting the
unconditioned stimulus before the conditioned stimulus
backwards conditioning - ANSWER:You hear a gunshot(US) before you arrive at the
club (CS).
