MIP 300 Final Test Questions with
Correct Answers
Difference between DNA and RNA - Answer-DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid
RNA: ribonucleic acid
In the sugars of nucleic acid, the C-2 carbon designates whether or not you have a DNA
or an RNA molecule. If there is an H attached to the C-2, you have a DNA molecule. If
there is an OH attached to the C-2, you have an RNA molecule.
Nucleic Acid Structure - Answer-1) Sugar
2) Base
3) Phosphate
In the sugar of a nucleic acid, what is each carbon's function? - Answer-C-1: connects
sugar to base
C-2: determines DNA or RNA
C-3: attaches sugar to next nucleotide in molecule
C-4: doesn't do much, boring
C-5: attaches sugar to phosphate group
Which direction do polymerases add nucleotides? - Answer-From 5' to 3' ONLY!!!
ALL KNOWN POLYMERASES ADD NUCLEOTIDES IN 5' TO 3' DIRECTION ONLY.
(reading the template in 3' to 5' direction)
Can humans become resistant to antibiotics? - Answer-NO. Bacteria WITHIN the
human can become resistant, but not the human itself.
Antibody IgG - Answer-Most abundant antibody in the blood, especially during 2nd
infection - crosses placenta
Epidemiology - Answer--The study of the distribution and determinants of disease
frequency in human populations
Nosocomial infection - Answer--illness associated with being hospitalized
-CDC study 10% of hospital patients develop
-2-4 million per year
Endemic disease - Answer--steady frequency in population
-often low level
-Examples: Herpes, HPV
, Zoonoses - Answer--animal diseases transmitted to humans
-Examples: Giardia, Plague, Rabies, Salmonella
Morbidity rate - Answer-% of individuals in the population that become ill
Mortality rate - Answer-% of individuals in the population that die
Reservoir - Answer--Natural environment of pathogen from which infection occurs
(could be animate or inanimate-food, water, fomites)
Vector - Answer-Organisms that spread disease from one host to another (insects,
animals)
NOTE: Vectors and carriers are the same thing!!
Carrier - Answer-Infected individual, source of infection for others
-There are MANY different types of carriers
Antigenic drift - Answer-Small changes in antigens (mutations)
Antigenic shift - Answer-Large changes in antigens (such as exchanging genome
segments)
4 major benefits of Fever - Answer-1) Slows the growth rate of microbes
2) Inactivates some bacterial toxins
3) Increases immune system activity
4) Forces a person to feel ill so that they rest and use energy to fight the disease
Aerobic Respiration Pathways - Answer-1) Glycolysis
2) TCA Cycle (w/ Intermediate Step)
3) Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
-final electron acceptor is Oxygen
Anaerobic Respiration Pathways - Answer-1) Glycolysis
2) TCA Cycle (w/ Intermediate Step)
3) Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
-final electron acceptor is NOT Oxygen
Fermentation Pathways - Answer-1) Glycolysis
2) Fermentation Pathway
-final electron acceptor is pyruvate or a pyruvate derivative
What is ppg? - Answer--Peptidoglycan, the main structure of the cell wall of a bacteria
(NOT in eukaryotes or archaea)
-Backbone of alternating NAG and NAM carbohydrates
Correct Answers
Difference between DNA and RNA - Answer-DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid
RNA: ribonucleic acid
In the sugars of nucleic acid, the C-2 carbon designates whether or not you have a DNA
or an RNA molecule. If there is an H attached to the C-2, you have a DNA molecule. If
there is an OH attached to the C-2, you have an RNA molecule.
Nucleic Acid Structure - Answer-1) Sugar
2) Base
3) Phosphate
In the sugar of a nucleic acid, what is each carbon's function? - Answer-C-1: connects
sugar to base
C-2: determines DNA or RNA
C-3: attaches sugar to next nucleotide in molecule
C-4: doesn't do much, boring
C-5: attaches sugar to phosphate group
Which direction do polymerases add nucleotides? - Answer-From 5' to 3' ONLY!!!
ALL KNOWN POLYMERASES ADD NUCLEOTIDES IN 5' TO 3' DIRECTION ONLY.
(reading the template in 3' to 5' direction)
Can humans become resistant to antibiotics? - Answer-NO. Bacteria WITHIN the
human can become resistant, but not the human itself.
Antibody IgG - Answer-Most abundant antibody in the blood, especially during 2nd
infection - crosses placenta
Epidemiology - Answer--The study of the distribution and determinants of disease
frequency in human populations
Nosocomial infection - Answer--illness associated with being hospitalized
-CDC study 10% of hospital patients develop
-2-4 million per year
Endemic disease - Answer--steady frequency in population
-often low level
-Examples: Herpes, HPV
, Zoonoses - Answer--animal diseases transmitted to humans
-Examples: Giardia, Plague, Rabies, Salmonella
Morbidity rate - Answer-% of individuals in the population that become ill
Mortality rate - Answer-% of individuals in the population that die
Reservoir - Answer--Natural environment of pathogen from which infection occurs
(could be animate or inanimate-food, water, fomites)
Vector - Answer-Organisms that spread disease from one host to another (insects,
animals)
NOTE: Vectors and carriers are the same thing!!
Carrier - Answer-Infected individual, source of infection for others
-There are MANY different types of carriers
Antigenic drift - Answer-Small changes in antigens (mutations)
Antigenic shift - Answer-Large changes in antigens (such as exchanging genome
segments)
4 major benefits of Fever - Answer-1) Slows the growth rate of microbes
2) Inactivates some bacterial toxins
3) Increases immune system activity
4) Forces a person to feel ill so that they rest and use energy to fight the disease
Aerobic Respiration Pathways - Answer-1) Glycolysis
2) TCA Cycle (w/ Intermediate Step)
3) Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
-final electron acceptor is Oxygen
Anaerobic Respiration Pathways - Answer-1) Glycolysis
2) TCA Cycle (w/ Intermediate Step)
3) Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
-final electron acceptor is NOT Oxygen
Fermentation Pathways - Answer-1) Glycolysis
2) Fermentation Pathway
-final electron acceptor is pyruvate or a pyruvate derivative
What is ppg? - Answer--Peptidoglycan, the main structure of the cell wall of a bacteria
(NOT in eukaryotes or archaea)
-Backbone of alternating NAG and NAM carbohydrates
