Chapter 19 - Mader Biology Questions with 100 % correct Answers | Verified | A+

domain Bacteria - domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls containing peptidoglycans. homologous structures - Structures in different species that are similar because of common ancestry. classification - the process of naming and assigning organisms or groups of organisms to a taxon analogous structures - have the same function in different groups but do not have a common ancestry analogy - similarity due to convergence ancestral traits - more primitive features, such as teeth and tails, that do appear in ancestral forms binomial nomenclature - Classification system in which each species is assigned a two-part scientific name chordates - Animals that have a central nerve like the human spinal cord. clade - A group of species that includes an ancestral species and all its descendants. cladistics - classification based on common ancestry cladogram - diagram depicting patterns of shared characteristics among species common ancestor - The shared ancestor of new, different species that arose from one populationconvergent evolution - Evolution toward similar characteristics in unrelated species derived traits - newly evolved features that do not appear in the fossils of common ancestors diverge - from the old, a new lineage is formed, and a new branch of the phylogeny arises domain - Most inclusive taxonomic category; larger than a kingdom five-kingdom system - Monera --> Protista --> Plantae -- Fungi --> Animalia. homology - Similarity in characteristics resulting from a shared ancestry. ingroup - the taxa for which the evolutionary relationships are being determined lineage - lineal descent from an ancestor; ancestry or pedigree. molecular clock - Theoretical clock that uses the rate of mutation to measure evolutionary time natural groups - groupings of organisms that represent a shared evolutionary history