Test Bank For Trusted Criminals: White Collar Crime In Contemporary Society
Chapter 1
CHAPTER 1
THE DISCOVERY OF WHITE COLLAR CRIME
TEST BANK
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The individual credited with having first coined the term “white collar crime” is:
a. Karl Marx
b. E. A. Ross
c. E. H. Sutherland
d. Adam Smith
ANS: C REF: p. 2 OBJ: LO 1
2. Businessmen who committed exploitative acts were labeled _____ by E. A. Ross in Sin
and Society.
a. criminaloids
b. robber barons
c. muckrakers
d. white collar criminals
ANS: A REF: p. 3 OBJ: LO 1
3. The book White Collar Crime by Sutherland focused on the crimes of:
a. professionals
b. employees
c. corporations
d. small businessmen
ANS: C REF: p. 4 OBJ: LO 4
4. Sutherland’s general theory of crime is known as:
a. anomie theory
b. rational choice theory
c. differential opportunity theory
d. differential association theory
ANS: D REF: p. 3 OBJ: LO 4
1
,Test Bank For Trusted Criminals: White Collar Crime In Contemporary Society
Chapter 1
5. Friedrich’s multistage approach to defining white collar crime consists of the following
stages:
a. polemical, typological, and operational
b. polemical and typological
c. polemical, typological, and situational
d. polemical and operational
ANS: A REF: p. 6 OBJ: LO 5
6. The primary victims as well as the context in which a crime occurs are criteria in which
stage of Friedrichs’ multistage approach to defining white collar crime?
a. Situational
b. Polemical
c. Operational
d. Typological
ANS: D REF: p. 6 OBJ: LO 5
7. Which of the following is not an example of white collar crime, broadly defined?
a. A physician defrauding Medicaid.
b. A corporation that knowingly markets defective automobiles.
c. A lawyer who commits a hold-up at a bank.
d. A bank clerk who embezzles money from the bank.
ANS: C REF: p. 5-7 OBJ: LO 9
8. Which of the following is not linked with white collar crime?
a. Technocrime
b. Enterprise Crime
c. Public Order Crime
d. Contrepreneurial Crime
ANS: C REF: p. 7-8 OBJ: LO 5
9. Which of the following is not an attribute of white collar crimes?
a. Offenders typically occupy a position involving some element of trust.
b. Offenders engage in direct forms of violence.
c. Offenders have been a relatively low priority of the justice system.
d. Offenders typically have a respectable status in society.
ANS: B REF: p. 6-8 OBJ: LO 5
2
,Test Bank For Trusted Criminals: White Collar Crime In Contemporary Society
Chapter 1
10. The following term is not generally used to refer to white collar crime:
a. economic crime
b. business crime
c. conventional crime
d. occupational crime
ANS: C REF: p. 7-8 OBJ: LO 5
11. Which of the following does not pertain to the concept of social harm, broadly defined?
a. Many of the worst forms of harm have not been criminalized.
b. Governments, corporations, small businesses, and professionals cause a great
amount of social harm.
c. More recently, criminal law has begun to account for social harm
d. Criminologists have called for a shift away from focusing upon crime to focusing
upon harm.
ANS: C REF: p. 8-9 OBJ: LO 6
12. Holding a legitimate position or occupation is most closely associated with a _____
meaning of respectability.
a. normative
b. status-related
c. symptomatic
d. absolutist
ANS: B REF: p. 10 OBJ: LO 6
13. Garfinkel called the circumstances under which people are stripped of status and
respectability:
a. confirmation ceremonies
b. ordination ceremonies
c. degradation ceremonies
d. condemnation ceremonies
ANS: C REF: p. 11 OBJ: LO 6
14. The concept of_____ refers to the practice of facilitating risky behavior on the part
of parties who do not fully appreciate the risks.
a. everyday risk
b. moral risk
c. risk assessment
d. specific risk
ANS: B REF: p. 11 OBJ: LO 5
3
, Test Bank For Trusted Criminals: White Collar Crime In Contemporary Society
Chapter 1
15. Perrow referred to the inevitable mishaps which occur in a complex, modern
technological society as:
a. normal accidents
b. tragic accidents
c. willful accidents
d. unavoidable accidents
ANS: A REF: p. 12 OBJ: LO 5
16. White collar crime offenders are:
a. mostly older women
b. more likely to be middle-aged or older
c. primarily juveniles
d. mostly young men
ANS: B REF: p. 13 OBJ: LO 9
17. Occupational crime offenders are:
a. often middle class, but sometimes lower-class
b. always middle class
c. never middle class
d. mostly upper-class
ANS: A REF: p. 15 OBJ: LO 9
18. According to Katz, the “social movement” against white collar crime originated in:
a. the 1930s
b. the 1950s
c. the 1970s
d. the 1990s
ANS: C REF: p. 17 OBJ: LO 8
19. Factors contributing to the social movement against white collar crime in the 1970s
included all but which of the following?
a. Disillusionment over Vietnam and Watergate
b. Consumer and environmental groups
c. Corporate public information campaigns
d. Investigative reporters
ANS: C REF: p. 17 OBJ: LO 8
4
Chapter 1
CHAPTER 1
THE DISCOVERY OF WHITE COLLAR CRIME
TEST BANK
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The individual credited with having first coined the term “white collar crime” is:
a. Karl Marx
b. E. A. Ross
c. E. H. Sutherland
d. Adam Smith
ANS: C REF: p. 2 OBJ: LO 1
2. Businessmen who committed exploitative acts were labeled _____ by E. A. Ross in Sin
and Society.
a. criminaloids
b. robber barons
c. muckrakers
d. white collar criminals
ANS: A REF: p. 3 OBJ: LO 1
3. The book White Collar Crime by Sutherland focused on the crimes of:
a. professionals
b. employees
c. corporations
d. small businessmen
ANS: C REF: p. 4 OBJ: LO 4
4. Sutherland’s general theory of crime is known as:
a. anomie theory
b. rational choice theory
c. differential opportunity theory
d. differential association theory
ANS: D REF: p. 3 OBJ: LO 4
1
,Test Bank For Trusted Criminals: White Collar Crime In Contemporary Society
Chapter 1
5. Friedrich’s multistage approach to defining white collar crime consists of the following
stages:
a. polemical, typological, and operational
b. polemical and typological
c. polemical, typological, and situational
d. polemical and operational
ANS: A REF: p. 6 OBJ: LO 5
6. The primary victims as well as the context in which a crime occurs are criteria in which
stage of Friedrichs’ multistage approach to defining white collar crime?
a. Situational
b. Polemical
c. Operational
d. Typological
ANS: D REF: p. 6 OBJ: LO 5
7. Which of the following is not an example of white collar crime, broadly defined?
a. A physician defrauding Medicaid.
b. A corporation that knowingly markets defective automobiles.
c. A lawyer who commits a hold-up at a bank.
d. A bank clerk who embezzles money from the bank.
ANS: C REF: p. 5-7 OBJ: LO 9
8. Which of the following is not linked with white collar crime?
a. Technocrime
b. Enterprise Crime
c. Public Order Crime
d. Contrepreneurial Crime
ANS: C REF: p. 7-8 OBJ: LO 5
9. Which of the following is not an attribute of white collar crimes?
a. Offenders typically occupy a position involving some element of trust.
b. Offenders engage in direct forms of violence.
c. Offenders have been a relatively low priority of the justice system.
d. Offenders typically have a respectable status in society.
ANS: B REF: p. 6-8 OBJ: LO 5
2
,Test Bank For Trusted Criminals: White Collar Crime In Contemporary Society
Chapter 1
10. The following term is not generally used to refer to white collar crime:
a. economic crime
b. business crime
c. conventional crime
d. occupational crime
ANS: C REF: p. 7-8 OBJ: LO 5
11. Which of the following does not pertain to the concept of social harm, broadly defined?
a. Many of the worst forms of harm have not been criminalized.
b. Governments, corporations, small businesses, and professionals cause a great
amount of social harm.
c. More recently, criminal law has begun to account for social harm
d. Criminologists have called for a shift away from focusing upon crime to focusing
upon harm.
ANS: C REF: p. 8-9 OBJ: LO 6
12. Holding a legitimate position or occupation is most closely associated with a _____
meaning of respectability.
a. normative
b. status-related
c. symptomatic
d. absolutist
ANS: B REF: p. 10 OBJ: LO 6
13. Garfinkel called the circumstances under which people are stripped of status and
respectability:
a. confirmation ceremonies
b. ordination ceremonies
c. degradation ceremonies
d. condemnation ceremonies
ANS: C REF: p. 11 OBJ: LO 6
14. The concept of_____ refers to the practice of facilitating risky behavior on the part
of parties who do not fully appreciate the risks.
a. everyday risk
b. moral risk
c. risk assessment
d. specific risk
ANS: B REF: p. 11 OBJ: LO 5
3
, Test Bank For Trusted Criminals: White Collar Crime In Contemporary Society
Chapter 1
15. Perrow referred to the inevitable mishaps which occur in a complex, modern
technological society as:
a. normal accidents
b. tragic accidents
c. willful accidents
d. unavoidable accidents
ANS: A REF: p. 12 OBJ: LO 5
16. White collar crime offenders are:
a. mostly older women
b. more likely to be middle-aged or older
c. primarily juveniles
d. mostly young men
ANS: B REF: p. 13 OBJ: LO 9
17. Occupational crime offenders are:
a. often middle class, but sometimes lower-class
b. always middle class
c. never middle class
d. mostly upper-class
ANS: A REF: p. 15 OBJ: LO 9
18. According to Katz, the “social movement” against white collar crime originated in:
a. the 1930s
b. the 1950s
c. the 1970s
d. the 1990s
ANS: C REF: p. 17 OBJ: LO 8
19. Factors contributing to the social movement against white collar crime in the 1970s
included all but which of the following?
a. Disillusionment over Vietnam and Watergate
b. Consumer and environmental groups
c. Corporate public information campaigns
d. Investigative reporters
ANS: C REF: p. 17 OBJ: LO 8
4
