Summary Cellular Control revision notes for biology A level OCR

, 6 1 1 CELLULAR CONTROL . .




Typesofge are
mutation
= change to the base nucleotide
sequence
·
substitution -

I bases are swapped for
base
another
·
Deltion- > I bases are removed
Insertion- > I bases are added
·




If a mutation occurs in a gene ,
the
Primary structure could be altered .
This
would then -
change the tertiary structure , so
the prote wouldn't work. Mutations
could also cause the protein to not be
Produced at all


RNA editing :

It
changes the sequence of nucleotides through
Insertion , deletion or substitution
. This causes
the synthesis of different protects .
4 So
,
it increases the range of proteins that can
be produced from a
single mRNA molecule or
gene
Effects :
·
Reversible -


single als constantly durn out
Copies of
RNA
·
could be used wi humans to treat genetic
diseases without the long-term risks of
permenant DNA editing with CRISPR
chromosome mutation change to -




structure of chromosome deletion , -




inversion translocation
. > translocation -




swaps the legs arounddromosomes S
affecting the way that the genes are
switched on
·
mutations occur during DNA replication
before all division
↳ If they occur mitosis
before
, they're
somatic
↳ If
L
they
<
occur before meiosis , they're
wherited