Plasmodesmata Cell wall
Connect adjacent cells to each other. • Only in plant cells
Necessary for communication between cells.
• Non-living
Threads of cytoplasm running through pits & pores
• Provides support
• Made out of cellulose
Nucleus o Primary cell wall – made of pectin
o Secondary cell wall – made of lignin
o Middle lamella – between the two cell
walls, made of pectin.
Cell membrane
• Functions: • Encases cell contents
• Controls cell differentiation + specialization • Living
• Controls cell metabolism • Differentially permeable
• Controls reproduction of cells • Functions:
o Controls substances that move in &
• Transmission of hereditary traits
out of the cell
o Forms part of cell’s immune system
• Made of: Hydrophilic phosphate
Chloroplast o Phospholipids head
Only in plant cells
Hydrophobic lipid tail
Contains chlorophyll (green pigment) o Protein for transport of substances in
Functions: and out of cell membrane
Responsible for photosynthesis Mitochondria o Carbohydrates for selective transport
• Powerhouse of the cell
• Contains its own DNA
• Function: Vacuole
o Responsible for cell respiration • Has a membrane (tonoplast).
• Contains fluid inside.
• Functions
o Promotes osmosis
o Stores dissolved substances
o Keeps cell steady through
turgor pressure
Connect adjacent cells to each other. • Only in plant cells
Necessary for communication between cells.
• Non-living
Threads of cytoplasm running through pits & pores
• Provides support
• Made out of cellulose
Nucleus o Primary cell wall – made of pectin
o Secondary cell wall – made of lignin
o Middle lamella – between the two cell
walls, made of pectin.
Cell membrane
• Functions: • Encases cell contents
• Controls cell differentiation + specialization • Living
• Controls cell metabolism • Differentially permeable
• Controls reproduction of cells • Functions:
o Controls substances that move in &
• Transmission of hereditary traits
out of the cell
o Forms part of cell’s immune system
• Made of: Hydrophilic phosphate
Chloroplast o Phospholipids head
Only in plant cells
Hydrophobic lipid tail
Contains chlorophyll (green pigment) o Protein for transport of substances in
Functions: and out of cell membrane
Responsible for photosynthesis Mitochondria o Carbohydrates for selective transport
• Powerhouse of the cell
• Contains its own DNA
• Function: Vacuole
o Responsible for cell respiration • Has a membrane (tonoplast).
• Contains fluid inside.
• Functions
o Promotes osmosis
o Stores dissolved substances
o Keeps cell steady through
turgor pressure
