ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM 6501 WALDEN UNIVERSITY
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate his continued muscle performance? - answer- Answer: Anaerobic glycolysis
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential? - answer- Answer: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive.
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which of the following? - answer- Answer: XXY
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the nurse looking for? - answer- Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Transmission of this disease is associated with: - answer- Answer: Delayed age of onset
A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse's best response? - answer- Answer: Pregnancy in women over age 35
What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction? - answer- Answer: Provide growth factor for tissue growth and development
A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair appearance. Which finding will support this diagnosis? - answer- Answer: Inability to convert tyrosine to DOPA (3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine)
Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of: - answer- Answer: Decreased ATP production
A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by: - answer- Answer: Plasma
proteins
The ion transporter that moves Na + and Ca 2+ simultaneously in the same direction is an example of which of the following types of transport? - answer- Answer: Symport
A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that the fetus has 92 chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report to describe this condition? - answer- Answer: Tetraploidy Why is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells? - answer- Answer: Because the resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium
Hypothyroidism - answer- A disorder caused by a thyroid gland that is slower and less productive than normal, does not produce enough T3 and T4
T3, T4, TSH - answer- Diagnosing hypo/hyperthyroidism T3/T4 = thyroid. TSH = Pituitary.
T3/T4 abnormality = problem with THYROID.
T3/T4 normal + TSH abnormal = Secondary thyroid problem
If too much T3/T4, then TSH will be down. Vice Versa.
calcium - answer- parathyroid glands responsible for regulating ___ levels.
metabolism, temperature - answer- Thyroid produces hormones T3, T4, and plays big role in __, ___ regulation and growth and development
iodine - answer- Brain cannot make T3 and T4 without ___
slows - answer- hypothyroidism everything ___.
stimulates sympathetic nervous system, drowsy, lethargic
constipated, food move slows, weight gain
body temp increases
Hyperthyroidism - answer- excessive activity of the thyroid gland: increased levels of T3, T4 and TSH
loss - answer- Hyperthyroidism:
burning calories at an excessive rate
weight ___
stimulates sympathetic nervous system: alert, quick reflexes, increased HR & BP (fight or flight response_
Heat intolerance: increased body temp
Active GI: diarrhea
anterior pituitary gland - answer- the anterior part of the pituitary gland; an endocrine gland whose secretions are controlled by the hypothalamic hormones
produces thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Cushing's disease - answer- (Remember: *UP, UP, UP, DOWN, UP*)
HYPERnatremia,
HYPERtension, INCREASED blood volume,
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate his continued muscle performance? - answer- Answer: Anaerobic glycolysis
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential? - answer- Answer: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive.
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which of the following? - answer- Answer: XXY
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the nurse looking for? - answer- Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Transmission of this disease is associated with: - answer- Answer: Delayed age of onset
A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse's best response? - answer- Answer: Pregnancy in women over age 35
What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction? - answer- Answer: Provide growth factor for tissue growth and development
A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair appearance. Which finding will support this diagnosis? - answer- Answer: Inability to convert tyrosine to DOPA (3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine)
Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of: - answer- Answer: Decreased ATP production
A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by: - answer- Answer: Plasma
proteins
The ion transporter that moves Na + and Ca 2+ simultaneously in the same direction is an example of which of the following types of transport? - answer- Answer: Symport
A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that the fetus has 92 chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report to describe this condition? - answer- Answer: Tetraploidy Why is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells? - answer- Answer: Because the resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium
Hypothyroidism - answer- A disorder caused by a thyroid gland that is slower and less productive than normal, does not produce enough T3 and T4
T3, T4, TSH - answer- Diagnosing hypo/hyperthyroidism T3/T4 = thyroid. TSH = Pituitary.
T3/T4 abnormality = problem with THYROID.
T3/T4 normal + TSH abnormal = Secondary thyroid problem
If too much T3/T4, then TSH will be down. Vice Versa.
calcium - answer- parathyroid glands responsible for regulating ___ levels.
metabolism, temperature - answer- Thyroid produces hormones T3, T4, and plays big role in __, ___ regulation and growth and development
iodine - answer- Brain cannot make T3 and T4 without ___
slows - answer- hypothyroidism everything ___.
stimulates sympathetic nervous system, drowsy, lethargic
constipated, food move slows, weight gain
body temp increases
Hyperthyroidism - answer- excessive activity of the thyroid gland: increased levels of T3, T4 and TSH
loss - answer- Hyperthyroidism:
burning calories at an excessive rate
weight ___
stimulates sympathetic nervous system: alert, quick reflexes, increased HR & BP (fight or flight response_
Heat intolerance: increased body temp
Active GI: diarrhea
anterior pituitary gland - answer- the anterior part of the pituitary gland; an endocrine gland whose secretions are controlled by the hypothalamic hormones
produces thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Cushing's disease - answer- (Remember: *UP, UP, UP, DOWN, UP*)
HYPERnatremia,
HYPERtension, INCREASED blood volume,
