NURS 2031 Final
When did evidence based practice begin in medicine? correct answers 1990s
What is evidence based practise? correct answers -appraisal and application of current
best evidence to inform decisions
-takes into account clinician and patient's preferences.
How can nurses practice using evidence-informed decision making? correct answers -
read and critique evidence-informed literature -Generate researchable questions and communicate them -participate in or conduct research -evaluate and promote evidence-informed practice.
How is evidence-informed decision-making different than Evidence Based Practice? correct answers evidence-informed decision making acknowledges the factors beyond research evidence (e.g. clinical expertise, client values, preferences, theories, ethics etc.)
What are some of the researcher's study-specific responsibilities? correct answers -
develop research questions
-select study design -ensure study is ethically sound
-collect the data -analyze the data -prepare and disseminate the study findings
-develop new/more refined research question
What administrative responsibilities does the researcher have? correct answers -
establish a budget -develop a timeline
-keep records in secure location and dispose according to standards
-supervise all individuals working on a study -comply with all agency, organizational and institutional rules, regulations and policies.
Explain Step 1: Identify the research topic, idea or problem... correct answers -select a topic that you are enthusiastic about -explore new topic areas
-be prepared to revise topic if needed
-ensure sufficient research literature to support your research problem
Explain Step 2: Conduct a literature search... correct answers -determine what findings already exist -identify gaps in the research -become familiar with the body of knowledge -include databases which are credible and applicable.
Explain Step 4: Develop a research question correct answers -this will provide structure
and direction for the work to be undertaken. -allows researcher to determine if he/she has appropriate resources, skill sand time needed
-helps researcher be efficient and precise.
What is a PICO/PECOT Research Question? correct answers helps to to define the research question:
P = population I/E = Intervention/Exposure
C = comparison
O = outcomes of interest
T = timeframe
what is a descriptive research question? correct answers Identifies the key features of individuals or group looking at prevalence/incidence rates
what is a difference research question? correct answers comparing individuals in one group to those in another group on an outcome
what is a relationship research question correct answers the degree to which 2 or more
variables are related/associated.
Explain Step 5: generating a hypothesis... correct answers a hypothesis predicts the relationship or difference between independent and dependant variables. It is a testable
statement
What is the Alternative Hypothesis (Ha) correct answers what the researcher is trying to find
What is the null hypothesis? (Ho) correct answers use when testing the researcher's hypothesis - opposes the alternative hypothesis.
Explain Step 6: Choosing an appropriate study design correct answers using your research question, what is the best design?
What is a basic research design? correct answers -to advance knowledge, typically lab-
based
-development of certain concepts
What is an applied research design? correct answers -direct application of theoretical knowledge to practice or therapeutic setting Explain Step 7: Define the variables and other key terms correct answers -define the variables related to your research question and design
What is a conceptual definition? correct answers tend to be vague and need further defining (what would be in the dictionary)
When is a subject used vs. a participant? correct answers subject is used in experimental research studies and participants are used in non-experimental designs
what is the purpose of a research design? correct answers -helps answer research question
-allows researcher to apply controls if needed? -provides a plan, structure and strategy
Name and explain the 3 characteristics of an experimental design: correct answers 1. Manipulation: of the independent variable. 2. Randomization: of assignment to control and treatment/intervention groups - everybody should have an equal chance
3. Control: the introduction of one or more constants.
What is the "gold-standard" for establishing cause-and-effect relationships but that are not possible in many areas of nursing research? correct answers Random-control trials
What is a quasi-experimental design? correct answers -when not all conditions for an experimental design can be met
-weaker design bc groups may not be equal
What is a non-experimental design? correct answers -observational/exploratory
-there is no intervention or manipulation of the IV -e.g. cohort, case-control, cross-sectional, ecological designs.
Explain what a cohort study is correct answers -non-experimental design -prospective
-individual without the disease of interest are sampled and classified as having exposure or not
-looked at down the line to see if they got the disease or not -possible confounders/extraneous variables & may take a long time
What is a case-control study? correct answers -cases from specified population with disease and controls without the disease are sampled
-asked about exposure vs. non-exposure
-cheaper and faster than cohort study
-vulnerable to recall bias
When did evidence based practice begin in medicine? correct answers 1990s
What is evidence based practise? correct answers -appraisal and application of current
best evidence to inform decisions
-takes into account clinician and patient's preferences.
How can nurses practice using evidence-informed decision making? correct answers -
read and critique evidence-informed literature -Generate researchable questions and communicate them -participate in or conduct research -evaluate and promote evidence-informed practice.
How is evidence-informed decision-making different than Evidence Based Practice? correct answers evidence-informed decision making acknowledges the factors beyond research evidence (e.g. clinical expertise, client values, preferences, theories, ethics etc.)
What are some of the researcher's study-specific responsibilities? correct answers -
develop research questions
-select study design -ensure study is ethically sound
-collect the data -analyze the data -prepare and disseminate the study findings
-develop new/more refined research question
What administrative responsibilities does the researcher have? correct answers -
establish a budget -develop a timeline
-keep records in secure location and dispose according to standards
-supervise all individuals working on a study -comply with all agency, organizational and institutional rules, regulations and policies.
Explain Step 1: Identify the research topic, idea or problem... correct answers -select a topic that you are enthusiastic about -explore new topic areas
-be prepared to revise topic if needed
-ensure sufficient research literature to support your research problem
Explain Step 2: Conduct a literature search... correct answers -determine what findings already exist -identify gaps in the research -become familiar with the body of knowledge -include databases which are credible and applicable.
Explain Step 4: Develop a research question correct answers -this will provide structure
and direction for the work to be undertaken. -allows researcher to determine if he/she has appropriate resources, skill sand time needed
-helps researcher be efficient and precise.
What is a PICO/PECOT Research Question? correct answers helps to to define the research question:
P = population I/E = Intervention/Exposure
C = comparison
O = outcomes of interest
T = timeframe
what is a descriptive research question? correct answers Identifies the key features of individuals or group looking at prevalence/incidence rates
what is a difference research question? correct answers comparing individuals in one group to those in another group on an outcome
what is a relationship research question correct answers the degree to which 2 or more
variables are related/associated.
Explain Step 5: generating a hypothesis... correct answers a hypothesis predicts the relationship or difference between independent and dependant variables. It is a testable
statement
What is the Alternative Hypothesis (Ha) correct answers what the researcher is trying to find
What is the null hypothesis? (Ho) correct answers use when testing the researcher's hypothesis - opposes the alternative hypothesis.
Explain Step 6: Choosing an appropriate study design correct answers using your research question, what is the best design?
What is a basic research design? correct answers -to advance knowledge, typically lab-
based
-development of certain concepts
What is an applied research design? correct answers -direct application of theoretical knowledge to practice or therapeutic setting Explain Step 7: Define the variables and other key terms correct answers -define the variables related to your research question and design
What is a conceptual definition? correct answers tend to be vague and need further defining (what would be in the dictionary)
When is a subject used vs. a participant? correct answers subject is used in experimental research studies and participants are used in non-experimental designs
what is the purpose of a research design? correct answers -helps answer research question
-allows researcher to apply controls if needed? -provides a plan, structure and strategy
Name and explain the 3 characteristics of an experimental design: correct answers 1. Manipulation: of the independent variable. 2. Randomization: of assignment to control and treatment/intervention groups - everybody should have an equal chance
3. Control: the introduction of one or more constants.
What is the "gold-standard" for establishing cause-and-effect relationships but that are not possible in many areas of nursing research? correct answers Random-control trials
What is a quasi-experimental design? correct answers -when not all conditions for an experimental design can be met
-weaker design bc groups may not be equal
What is a non-experimental design? correct answers -observational/exploratory
-there is no intervention or manipulation of the IV -e.g. cohort, case-control, cross-sectional, ecological designs.
Explain what a cohort study is correct answers -non-experimental design -prospective
-individual without the disease of interest are sampled and classified as having exposure or not
-looked at down the line to see if they got the disease or not -possible confounders/extraneous variables & may take a long time
What is a case-control study? correct answers -cases from specified population with disease and controls without the disease are sampled
-asked about exposure vs. non-exposure
-cheaper and faster than cohort study
-vulnerable to recall bias
