MDC4 Exam 1 Practice Questions and
Answers 2024/2025
What is the most common type of dementia? - CORRECT ANSWER-Alzheimer's
disease
Is Alzheimer's reversible? - CORRECT ANSWER-No
What is the etiology of Alzheimer's? - CORRECT ANSWER-Unknown
Alzheimer's is the result of? - CORRECT ANSWER-changes in personality, memory,
and/or judgement
What are risk factors for Alzheimer's? - CORRECT ANSWER-* 65+ years
* female
* head injury
* APOE gene
what is the patho of Alzheimer's - CORRECT ANSWER-plaques, tangles, degeneration
of neurons
How is Alzheimer's diagnosed? - CORRECT ANSWER-biopsy at autopsy is the only
definitive way but dementia can be ruled out with CT, labs, UA, and MRI
Early s/s of Alzheimer's Disease - CORRECT ANSWER-- decreased short term
memory
- decreased sense of smell
- misplaced items
Middle s/s of Alzheimer's Disease - CORRECT ANSWER-- wander
- agitated
- incontinent
- money issues
late s/s of Alzheimer's disease - CORRECT ANSWER-- bed ridden
- agnosia (inability to recognize objects, people, or sounds)
Medications used for Alzheimer's - CORRECT ANSWER-Cholinesterase inhibitors
- slow breakdown of Ach
- Donepezil and Rivastigimine
NMDA receptor antagonists
- block excess amounts of glutamate
, - Memantine
Nursing care for Alzheimer's - CORRECT ANSWER-- safe environment (#1) good
lighting, no clutter
- stick with a routine
- offer walks, exercise
- reduce distractions
- avoid use of restraints
What is Parkinson's Disease - CORRECT ANSWER-Movement disorder caused by the
death of cells that generate dopamine in the basal ganglia and substantial nigra.
Low levels of dopamine and high levels of Ach
How does Parkinson's progress? - CORRECT ANSWER-slowly, but will eventually lead
to disability
How is parkinson's diagnosed - CORRECT ANSWER-history and s/s
s/s of parkinsons - CORRECT ANSWER-- tremors
- muscle rigidity
- mak like facial expression
- bradykinesia
- shuffling gait
- cogwheel rigidity in limbs
- propulsive gait (head and neck forward, back is slouched)
nursing care for parkinson's - CORRECT ANSWER-- safe environment
- sit up when eating, thick liquids
- encourage ROM and exercise
Medication for Parkinson's - CORRECT ANSWER-- Sinemet
- Levodopa (increases dopamine levels in CNS) and Carbidopa (prevents levodpa
breakdown)
- take at same time every day
- know that increased protein can alter effectiveness
- Benztropine
- decreases Ach levels
What are headaches? - CORRECT ANSWER-vasodilation of blood vessels in the brain
What causes headaches - CORRECT ANSWER-genetics, stress, hormones
What can trigger a headache? - CORRECT ANSWER-coffee, yogurt, alcohol, MSG,
marinated foods
Answers 2024/2025
What is the most common type of dementia? - CORRECT ANSWER-Alzheimer's
disease
Is Alzheimer's reversible? - CORRECT ANSWER-No
What is the etiology of Alzheimer's? - CORRECT ANSWER-Unknown
Alzheimer's is the result of? - CORRECT ANSWER-changes in personality, memory,
and/or judgement
What are risk factors for Alzheimer's? - CORRECT ANSWER-* 65+ years
* female
* head injury
* APOE gene
what is the patho of Alzheimer's - CORRECT ANSWER-plaques, tangles, degeneration
of neurons
How is Alzheimer's diagnosed? - CORRECT ANSWER-biopsy at autopsy is the only
definitive way but dementia can be ruled out with CT, labs, UA, and MRI
Early s/s of Alzheimer's Disease - CORRECT ANSWER-- decreased short term
memory
- decreased sense of smell
- misplaced items
Middle s/s of Alzheimer's Disease - CORRECT ANSWER-- wander
- agitated
- incontinent
- money issues
late s/s of Alzheimer's disease - CORRECT ANSWER-- bed ridden
- agnosia (inability to recognize objects, people, or sounds)
Medications used for Alzheimer's - CORRECT ANSWER-Cholinesterase inhibitors
- slow breakdown of Ach
- Donepezil and Rivastigimine
NMDA receptor antagonists
- block excess amounts of glutamate
, - Memantine
Nursing care for Alzheimer's - CORRECT ANSWER-- safe environment (#1) good
lighting, no clutter
- stick with a routine
- offer walks, exercise
- reduce distractions
- avoid use of restraints
What is Parkinson's Disease - CORRECT ANSWER-Movement disorder caused by the
death of cells that generate dopamine in the basal ganglia and substantial nigra.
Low levels of dopamine and high levels of Ach
How does Parkinson's progress? - CORRECT ANSWER-slowly, but will eventually lead
to disability
How is parkinson's diagnosed - CORRECT ANSWER-history and s/s
s/s of parkinsons - CORRECT ANSWER-- tremors
- muscle rigidity
- mak like facial expression
- bradykinesia
- shuffling gait
- cogwheel rigidity in limbs
- propulsive gait (head and neck forward, back is slouched)
nursing care for parkinson's - CORRECT ANSWER-- safe environment
- sit up when eating, thick liquids
- encourage ROM and exercise
Medication for Parkinson's - CORRECT ANSWER-- Sinemet
- Levodopa (increases dopamine levels in CNS) and Carbidopa (prevents levodpa
breakdown)
- take at same time every day
- know that increased protein can alter effectiveness
- Benztropine
- decreases Ach levels
What are headaches? - CORRECT ANSWER-vasodilation of blood vessels in the brain
What causes headaches - CORRECT ANSWER-genetics, stress, hormones
What can trigger a headache? - CORRECT ANSWER-coffee, yogurt, alcohol, MSG,
marinated foods
