PUBH 302 Final Galloway Test with Complete Solutions

PUBH 302 Final Galloway Test with Complete Solutions Public Health During the Middle Ages - Answer-- shifted away from Greek and Roman values - decline of hygiene and sanitation - faith and prayer were accepted treatments for illness - plague - developed the concept of quarantine Public Health during the Age of Reason and Enlightenment - Answer-- renewed interest in reason and enlightenment laid foundation for more specific explorations William Harvey - Answer--demonstrated the function of the heart and circulatory system - first to suggest that humans and other mammals reproduce via fertilization of an egg by sperm - birth of modern med -used dissection Edward Jenner - Answer-- proved that swinepox or cowpox provided immunity against smallpox - coined the term vaccine -laid foundation of modern immunology as a science Problems caused by Industrialization Urbanization - Answer-- slums -poverty -disease Great Sanitary Awakening - Answer--the birth of modern public health -Great strides in scientific knowledge to help understand the origin and treatment of disease. -Interest in humanitarian ideals -Acknowledgement of the connection between poverty and disease. -Even today, poverty is the single best predictor of poor health. -Returning to what the Romans had figured out, new infrastructure for clean water and sewage removal -Birth of a system to monitor the health status of communities Bubonic Plague - Answer-plague brought by fleas pneumonic plague - Answer-plague spread by sneezing, fever was more contagious bc it was spread airborne Four Phases of the Development of modern-day public health described by Ashton - Answer-1) an initial environmentally-focused phase which addresses infectious diseases related to "urbanization, poverty, and squalor" 2) second phase of personal preventive medical services related to immunization, family hygiene, health education, and family planning which began with the development of vaccines 3) third, therapeutic era that began with the development of insulin and antibiotics. 4) A recognition that the 'environment' is also social, economic and psychological and that 'healthy public policy' (Hancock, 1982) is an appropriate part of this new public health. Dr. John Snow - Answer-- became concerned of the cholera outbreaks in London - made careful observations about the disease and who caught it - used a "ghost map" to trace all the deaths and was able to detect the pump that was causing the illness - removed the handle off the broad street pump and the illness subsided -using epidemiological practices, he identified and stopped the outbreak and source of cholera England Sanitary Reform - Answer-- Chadwick Report "Survey into the Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Classes in Great Britain - graphic descriptions of filth and disease spread in urban areas - reforms in sanitation, health care and treatment of poor working classes - first modern sanitation legislation was enacted in 1837 Lemuel Shattuck - Answer--Developed the original plan that led to the establishment in 1869 of the nation's first Board of Health in Massachusetts Louis Pastuer - Answer-proposed the germ theory of disease, which which was crucial to the development of modern scientific medical practices Robert Koch - Answer-Developed the culture plate method to identify pathogens Sanitation Revolution - Answer-Clean water; water treatment Food inspection Soaps, disinfectants, and pharmaceuticals Personal hygiene (bathing) Public works departments; garbage collection, landfills, and street cleaning Public health departments and regulation