Chapter 1—Molecular Reasons
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of these is the best definition of matter?
a. The pull of gravity on an object.
b. Anything that has weight and volume.
c. Anything that has mass and occupies space.
d. Anything that is directly proportional to weight.
e. The measure of the amount of space an object occupies.
ANS: C PTS: 1
2. Which of these statements is correct?
a. The amount of carbon on earth is essentially constant.
M
b. The amount of carbon on earth fluctuates with the seasons.
c. The amount of carbon on earth is increasing due to plant and animal growth.
d. The amount of carbon on earth is decreasing due to consumption of carbon based fuels.
e. Both B and C are correct.
E
ANS: A PTS: 1
3. The French chemist Antoine Lavoisier found that the weight of objects before burning and the weight
of the products after burning were equal. He concluded that the total weight did not change during a
D
process. Which of these best describes Lavoisier's conclusion?
a. From observation, Lavoisier created a scientific law.
b. From observation, Lavoisier created a scientific theory.
c. From scientific law, Lavoisier created a scientific theory.
G
d. From experimentation, Lavoisier created a scientific law.
e. From observation, Lavoisier created a scientific conclusion.
ANS: A PTS: 1
E
4. When using the scientific method, before experiments are done a ___________ should be
established.
a. hypothesis
E
b. law
c. theory
d. conclusion
K
ANS: A PTS: 1
5. A statement which summarizes the data obtained from a series of observations is known as a(n)
____.
a. observation
b. Law
c. theory
d. conclusion
e. experiment
ANS: B PTS: 1
Test Bank Chemistry in Focus, 5e 1
, 6. Which of these is not part of the scientific method?
a. observation
b. law
c. theory
d. conclusion
e. experiment
ANS: D PTS: 1
7. Which of these is the best definition of a scientific theory?
a. A prediction based on a limited number of observations.
b. A method of explaining observations that appears contradictory.
c. A broadly applicable generalization with virtually no exceptions.
d. A method for approaching problems that is used by all scientists.
e. A tentative model that describes the underlying cause of a physical behavior.
M
ANS: E PTS: 1
8. Which of these is the best definition of a scientific law?
a. A prediction based on a limited number of observations.
b. A method of explaining observations that appear contradictory.
E
c. A broadly applicable generalization with virtually no exceptions.
d. A method for approaching problems that is used by all scientists.
e. A rule made by scientists to ensure consistency in their observations.
ANS: C PTS: 1
D
9. A(n) ____ is an explanation of a scientific observation.
a. law
G
b. theory
c. conclusion
d. prediction
e. epiphany
E
ANS: B PTS: 1
10. Which of these is not a requirement of a scientifically acceptable theory?
a. Good predictive power of the theory.
E
b. Proven by additional experimentation.
c. Sound reasoning for a particular observation.
d. Easily revised to accommodate new observations
K
e. Provides model of behavior consistent with other widely accepted theories.
ANS: B PTS: 1
11. Which of these statements about the scientific method is incorrect?
a. It is not a group of absolute truths.
b. It uses experiments that are reproducible
c. It is used for testing claims about the natural world.
d. It requires one to propose a theory and perform experiments to give results which confirm
or disclaim the theory.
e. All of these are correct statements.
ANS: E PTS: 1
Test Bank Chemistry in Focus, 5e 2
,12. To explain natural phenomena scientists must ______________.
a. have an opinion.
b. make observations.
c. guess correctly most of the time.
d. agree with existing theories.
ANS: B PTS: 1
13. Which scientist first theorized that matter was ultimately composed of small indivisible particles
called atoms?
a. Dalton
b. Lavoisier
c. Empedocles
d. Plato
e. Democritus
M
ANS: E PTS: 1
14. The historical predecessor to chemistry is known as ____.
a. alchemy
b. pre-chemistry
E
c. biology
d. biochemistry
e. physical science
ANS: A PTS: 1
D
15. Which of these contributions did Alchemists of the Middle Ages make to modern science?
a. sun centered universe and metallurgy
G
b. metallurgy and development of scientific techniques
c. scientific method and the Law of Conservation of Mass
d. Law of Conservation of Matter and The First Atomic Theory
e. Law of Conservation of Mass and the Law of Constant Composition
E
ANS: B PTS: 1
16. Thales believed that _________ is the principle element of all things.
a. earth
E
b. air
c. fire
d. water
K
e. gold
ANS: D PTS: 1
17. Which scientist is incorrectly matched with his idea or theory?
scientist theory
I. Copernicus a sun centered universe
II. Dalton Atomic Theory
III. Galileo a sun centered universe
IV. Vesalius Matter is composed of small indivisible particles.
V. Boyle The simplest form of a substance is an element.
Test Bank Chemistry in Focus, 5e 3
, a. I
b. II
c. III
d. IV
e. V
ANS: D PTS: 1
18. Which two scientists are credited with the endorsement of a sun centered universe?
a. Dalton and Plato
b. Boyle and Copernicus
c. Copernicus and Galileo
d. Democritus and Vesalius
e. Copernicus and Vesalius
M
ANS: C PTS: 1
19. The scientific revolution of the 1500s was marked by a move away from ____ and towards ____ as a
method for explaining the natural world.
E
a. law, theory
b. alchemy, research
c. reason, observation
d. scientific theory, experimentation
e. Both a and c are correct.
ANS: C PTS: 1
D
G
20. Identify the materials which will correctly complete the flow chart.
E E
K
I. II.
I. pure substance mixture
II. element atoms
III. mixture solutions
IV. Mass mixture
V. mixture atoms
Test Bank Chemistry in Focus, 5e 4
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of these is the best definition of matter?
a. The pull of gravity on an object.
b. Anything that has weight and volume.
c. Anything that has mass and occupies space.
d. Anything that is directly proportional to weight.
e. The measure of the amount of space an object occupies.
ANS: C PTS: 1
2. Which of these statements is correct?
a. The amount of carbon on earth is essentially constant.
M
b. The amount of carbon on earth fluctuates with the seasons.
c. The amount of carbon on earth is increasing due to plant and animal growth.
d. The amount of carbon on earth is decreasing due to consumption of carbon based fuels.
e. Both B and C are correct.
E
ANS: A PTS: 1
3. The French chemist Antoine Lavoisier found that the weight of objects before burning and the weight
of the products after burning were equal. He concluded that the total weight did not change during a
D
process. Which of these best describes Lavoisier's conclusion?
a. From observation, Lavoisier created a scientific law.
b. From observation, Lavoisier created a scientific theory.
c. From scientific law, Lavoisier created a scientific theory.
G
d. From experimentation, Lavoisier created a scientific law.
e. From observation, Lavoisier created a scientific conclusion.
ANS: A PTS: 1
E
4. When using the scientific method, before experiments are done a ___________ should be
established.
a. hypothesis
E
b. law
c. theory
d. conclusion
K
ANS: A PTS: 1
5. A statement which summarizes the data obtained from a series of observations is known as a(n)
____.
a. observation
b. Law
c. theory
d. conclusion
e. experiment
ANS: B PTS: 1
Test Bank Chemistry in Focus, 5e 1
, 6. Which of these is not part of the scientific method?
a. observation
b. law
c. theory
d. conclusion
e. experiment
ANS: D PTS: 1
7. Which of these is the best definition of a scientific theory?
a. A prediction based on a limited number of observations.
b. A method of explaining observations that appears contradictory.
c. A broadly applicable generalization with virtually no exceptions.
d. A method for approaching problems that is used by all scientists.
e. A tentative model that describes the underlying cause of a physical behavior.
M
ANS: E PTS: 1
8. Which of these is the best definition of a scientific law?
a. A prediction based on a limited number of observations.
b. A method of explaining observations that appear contradictory.
E
c. A broadly applicable generalization with virtually no exceptions.
d. A method for approaching problems that is used by all scientists.
e. A rule made by scientists to ensure consistency in their observations.
ANS: C PTS: 1
D
9. A(n) ____ is an explanation of a scientific observation.
a. law
G
b. theory
c. conclusion
d. prediction
e. epiphany
E
ANS: B PTS: 1
10. Which of these is not a requirement of a scientifically acceptable theory?
a. Good predictive power of the theory.
E
b. Proven by additional experimentation.
c. Sound reasoning for a particular observation.
d. Easily revised to accommodate new observations
K
e. Provides model of behavior consistent with other widely accepted theories.
ANS: B PTS: 1
11. Which of these statements about the scientific method is incorrect?
a. It is not a group of absolute truths.
b. It uses experiments that are reproducible
c. It is used for testing claims about the natural world.
d. It requires one to propose a theory and perform experiments to give results which confirm
or disclaim the theory.
e. All of these are correct statements.
ANS: E PTS: 1
Test Bank Chemistry in Focus, 5e 2
,12. To explain natural phenomena scientists must ______________.
a. have an opinion.
b. make observations.
c. guess correctly most of the time.
d. agree with existing theories.
ANS: B PTS: 1
13. Which scientist first theorized that matter was ultimately composed of small indivisible particles
called atoms?
a. Dalton
b. Lavoisier
c. Empedocles
d. Plato
e. Democritus
M
ANS: E PTS: 1
14. The historical predecessor to chemistry is known as ____.
a. alchemy
b. pre-chemistry
E
c. biology
d. biochemistry
e. physical science
ANS: A PTS: 1
D
15. Which of these contributions did Alchemists of the Middle Ages make to modern science?
a. sun centered universe and metallurgy
G
b. metallurgy and development of scientific techniques
c. scientific method and the Law of Conservation of Mass
d. Law of Conservation of Matter and The First Atomic Theory
e. Law of Conservation of Mass and the Law of Constant Composition
E
ANS: B PTS: 1
16. Thales believed that _________ is the principle element of all things.
a. earth
E
b. air
c. fire
d. water
K
e. gold
ANS: D PTS: 1
17. Which scientist is incorrectly matched with his idea or theory?
scientist theory
I. Copernicus a sun centered universe
II. Dalton Atomic Theory
III. Galileo a sun centered universe
IV. Vesalius Matter is composed of small indivisible particles.
V. Boyle The simplest form of a substance is an element.
Test Bank Chemistry in Focus, 5e 3
, a. I
b. II
c. III
d. IV
e. V
ANS: D PTS: 1
18. Which two scientists are credited with the endorsement of a sun centered universe?
a. Dalton and Plato
b. Boyle and Copernicus
c. Copernicus and Galileo
d. Democritus and Vesalius
e. Copernicus and Vesalius
M
ANS: C PTS: 1
19. The scientific revolution of the 1500s was marked by a move away from ____ and towards ____ as a
method for explaining the natural world.
E
a. law, theory
b. alchemy, research
c. reason, observation
d. scientific theory, experimentation
e. Both a and c are correct.
ANS: C PTS: 1
D
G
20. Identify the materials which will correctly complete the flow chart.
E E
K
I. II.
I. pure substance mixture
II. element atoms
III. mixture solutions
IV. Mass mixture
V. mixture atoms
Test Bank Chemistry in Focus, 5e 4
