GFACT Exam Review Questions with Correct Answers

GFACT Exam Review Questions with Correct Answers ASCII - Answer-a code for representing English characters as numbers, with each letter assigned a number from 0 to 127 and can represent up to 256 characters Unicode - Answer-A character code that enables most of the languages of the world to be symbolized with a special character identification. UTF-8 - Answer-A variable-length coding scheme that uses seven bits for common ASCII characters, but uses 16-bit Unicode as necessary. Shadow file - Answer-The file that stores the encrypted password in a system. SPF - Answer-Sender Policy Framework - This framework is an email validation system that is used to prevent spam and specifies which systems can send email through a company's mail servers. SGID - Answer-Set Group ID - Sets the group of the running program to the group of the file. It's indicated by an s in the group execute bit position in the permission string, as in rwxr-sr-x. New files will inherit the group ownership of the directory, rather than be based on the user's current default group. SUID - Answer-Set User ID - Sets the program to run with the permissions of whoever owns the file rather than with the permissions of the user who runs the program, allowing it to run with administrators rights even if the person calling the file is not an admin. Search for SUID or SGID files - Answer-"find / -perm -4000" for SUID, "-2000" for SGID IPv4 - Answer-Dominant protocol for routing traffic on the Internet, specifying "to" and "from" addresses using a dotted decimal such as "122.45.255.0" and is 32-bit IPv6 - Answer-Provides a large number of new addresses to route Internet traffic, using "from" and "to" addresses written as colon-hexadecimal notation, such as "fe80::42:acff:feaa:1bf0" and is 128-bit DNS Records - Answer-Instructions in authoritative DNS servers that given info on the domain, including the IP and how to handle requests for the domain A record - Answer-Connects domain names to IPv4 addresses, input of domain name AAAA record - Answer-Connects a domain name to a IPv6 address, input of domain name CNAME record - Answer-Used to redirect traffic from one domain or subdomain to another PTR record - Answer-Connects IP address to domain names, input of IP address NS record - Answer-Records list of authoritative DNS name servers for a domain. MX record - Answer-Provides domain names of mail servers that receive emails, directing mail to an email server SOA record - Answer-Start of Authority record. This record identifies the primary name server for the zone and contains admin information and details about a DNS zone, required for every DNS zone TXT record - Answer-Provides descripting information, often used for email security DNS lookup - Answer-the process of converting a domain name into an IP address nslookup - Answer-a tool used to query the DNS system to find the IP addresses for domain names and lookup DNS records ipconfig - Answer-Windows command that shows the IP configuration settings on a PC and can show information about the subnet mask RDP - Answer-Remote Desktop Protocol - TCP port 3389 to use a remote computer DHCP - Answer-Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol - allows hosts to obtain required TCP/IP information and dynamically assign an IP address to any device on the network ICMP - Answer-Internet Control Message Protocol - diagnoses network communication issues and reports error to make sure info is reaching its intended conclusion Windows Prefetch Folder - Answer-shows 8-char hash of location where application ran Subnet mask - Answer-A 32-bit number assigned to each host in a network used to route data packets to the right place, like sorting into categories. Only 1 subnet needed per network SMTP flaws - Answer-Set up with TCP but doesn't make it secure ALU - Answer-Arithmetic Logic Unit - does arithmetic and bitwise operations on binary numbers Heat sink - Answer-A piece of metal, with cooling fins, that can be attached to or mounted on an integrated chip (such as the CPU) to dissipate heat. ATX - Answer-Advanced Technology Extended - replaced the AT form and is efficient Registers - Answer-Used by the CPU and are small, high-speed storage locations that temporarily hold data and instructions. General Purpose Registers - Answer-These are registers that are used by the ALU that have no distinct purpose other then to hold general pieces of data. EAX, EBX, ECX, EDX, with each one divided into EAX, AX, AH, AL and the H and L parts having 8 bits. Specific Purpose Registers - Answer-Cannot be used by programs, can store the memory address for the next instructions that the CPU will execute CPU - Answer-Central Processing Unit - the brain of the computer. CPU Cycle - Answer-fetch-decode-execute : Control unit fetches next instructions from RAM, it decodes the instructions and gives to the ALU, ALU executes the instructions, stores the results in the memory register or RAM