EXSS 180 Exam 1 Questions with Complete Solutions Graded A+

EXSS 180 Exam 1 Questions with Complete Solutions Graded A+ What are the 2 categories of Physical Activity (PA)? - Answer-Exercise and Skilled Movement What are 3 types of reasons people engage in exercise? - Answer-1. Health Enhancing 2. Training to get better at sport 3. Therapeutic Exercise What are the two categories of skilled movement? - Answer-1. Sport 2. Developmental skill Training - Answer-Exercise performed for the purpose of improving athletic, military, work-related, recreational-related performance. Careers: conditioning specialists Health-related exercise - Answer-Undertaken specifically to develop OR maintain a sound working body, free of disease and able to perform daily tasks. Careers: Fitness leaders and personal trainers. Therapeutic Exercise - Answer-Performed to restore capacities previously acquired or developed that have been lost to injury, disease, behavioral patterns. Careers: Physical therapy, Cardiac Rehab, Athletic Trainer Skilled Movement - Answer-Performances in which accuracy of direction, force, and rhythm or timing are essential to accomplishing predetermined goals. *Learned through systematic practice, rather than through exercise. What are the categories of skilled movement? - Answer-1. Sport 2. Developmental Skill What are 3 aspects of Sports? - Answer-1. Skilled movement 2. Rules are essential 3. Competition is involved Developmental Skills - Answer-Skilled movements that are not usually performed in sport settings. Ex: P.E. teachers teach 1st graders how to skip, throw, hop. *Developmental skills have no direct correlation with a specific sport. What are the requirements for Physical Activity? - Answer-1. Planned 2. Structured 3. Repetitive 4. Purposive Objectives of PA - Answer-1. To improve or maintain one or more components of PF 2. Health by-products Definition of Physical Activity (2008 PA Guidelines for Americans) - Answer-Any bodily movement produced by the contraction of skeletal muscle that increases energy expenditure above a basal level. Definition of Physical Activity (Be Active Your Way) - Answer-Any form of exercise or movement of the body that uses energy. Principle of overload - Answer-exposing the muscles, joints, and cardiovascular and respiratory systems to more work and stress than is normally experienced Progression - Answer-once a person reaches a certain fitness level, he or she progresses to higher levels of physical activity by continued overload and adaptation. Small, progressive changes in overload help the body adapt to the additional stresses while minimizing the risk of injury. Specificity - Answer-means that the benefits of physical activity are specific to the body systems that are doing the work. For example, aerobic physical activity largely benefits the body's cardiovascular system. Baseline activity (PAG) - Answer-(normal lifestyle activities) refers to the light-intensity activities of daily life, such as standing, walking slowly, and lifting lightweight objects. People vary in how much baseline activity they do. People who do only baseline activity are considered to be inactive. Health-enhancing physical activity (PAG) - Answer-is activity that, when added to baseline activity, produces health benefits. In this document, the term "physical activity" generally refers to health-enhancing physical activity. Brisk walking, jumping rope, dancing, lifting weights, climbing on playground equipment at recess, and doing yoga are all examples of physical activity. is the amount of energy expended per minute of activity. - Answer-absolute intensity is the level of effort required to do an activity - Answer- relative intensity scale of 1-10 The Physical Activity Guidelines are for Americans aged 6 and older (T/F) - Answer- True What are the 3 Most "Obese" Countries in the World? - Answer-1) USA 2) Mexico 3) New Zealand What are the 3 Most Preventable Causes of Death? (In Order) - Answer-1) Tobacco Use 2) Diet/Physical Activity 3) Alcohol Consumption Risk factors - Answer-Being in danger of getting whatever it is (ex. breast cancer running in the family) Risk behaviors - Answer-Things you do or do not do that could contribute to a bad health affect (ex. I'm at risk if I do not get a mammogram or have monthly breast exams) Children Adults Older Adults - Answer-6-17 18-64 65+ What counties are at the Top 25% for Diabetes, Obesity, Physical Inactivity? - Answer- 1) Southeastern U.S. 2) Parts of Northeastern U.S. Why are diabetes incidences predominantly in the S.E. US? - Answer-1) Diet of fried food & sweet tea 2) Limited access to fresh food & fitness centers, gyms (low SES) Explain the diabetes incidences in the northern/top of the map? - Answer-1) Native American reservations 2) High levels of diabetes and alcoholism Describe the trends in BMI categories in adults from . - Answer-The gap between healthy & overweight/obese groups is narrowing. What is the #1 barrier to exercise? - Answer-Lack of TIME What influences our physical activity/health? - Answer-1) Environmental 2) Societal/Cultural 3)Personal/Genetics 4) Policy Environmental influences of PA - Answer-Negative: Urbran sprawl Positive: Playgrounds, trails, greenways Video: How to Have a Heart Attack by Age 30 - Answer-1) Parents reinforced kid's behavior by allowing him to eat french fries + Mickey D's instead of veggies 2) Consistent poor eating habits over time 3) Lack of exercise 4) Inactivity or Passive Activity: Video games, TV True or False: BMI is reliable for individuals and populations. - Answer-FALSE. BMI is only reliable for populations, NOT individuals. What does "Like a Girl" Video talk about? - Answer-1) Challenges gender stereotypes that society dictates of what girls can/cannot do What does the Dove Ad talk about? - Answer-Unrealistic, distorted perceptions of beauty in society. Women see themselves as less beautiful than strangers see them, and the power of photoshop. Do diets work? - Answer-No, they don't work in the long-term. They're hard to follow, because the human body cannot sustain such restrictions. Why is weight loss for children more complicated than with adults? - Answer-Since children are still growing, their weight fluctuates easily. This means children would have a harder time losing weight + keeping it off. Also, the children's lifestyle is greatly influenced by his/her parents' lifestyles. What seems to be the best approach to solving the childhood obesity issue? - Answer-A multi-tiered approach seems to be the best approach to the issue. Programs should focus on the family as a whole, not just the child. (Ex: United Health, YMCA). Also, focus on quality over quantity (calories) of food. What were the barriers to treatment mentioned in the article? - Answer-1) Cost 2) Children rebelling against strict guidelines 3) Big gap between what's needed for children + what's actually offered (cost-effective programs vs. hospital) o Many of the most established treatment programs for childhood obesity are based at hospitals or academic medical centers, and experts say they may not be well suited to a child who is overweight but has not yet developed a serious medical condition like diabetes and is not an appropriate candidate for bariatric surgery What are key points from "Obesity is Found to Gain Its Hold in Earliest Years"? - Answer-1) Strong correlation between overweight children and obesity in later life. 2) Obesity is established early in life, at around age 5, and tracks through adolescent --> adulthood. 3) Combination of genetic predispositions + environment. 4) Lack of concern by healthcare providers of severity of children's weight. True or False: 1/3 of overweight children in kindergarten were obese by 8th grade. - Answer-True. What is a limitation of the article ("Obesity is Found to Gain its Hold in Earliest Years")? - Answer-Too broadly investigates schoolchildren: Better to start before children are enrolled in kindergarten + focus on children already fat at young ages. True or False: If you can make it to kindergarten without the weight, your chances are immensely better. - Answer-True True or False: There is no correlation between obese children and how heavy they were as babies. - Answer-False. What are some examples of PA promotion through policy? - Answer-1) Concessions 2) Fundraisers 3) Rewards 4) School celebrations 5) School stores 6) Vending of Americans are obese or overweight. - Answer-2/3 True or False: Obesity is largely related to willpower and eating. - Answer-False of survey participants said obesity is a result of lack of willpower.` - Answer- 3/4 True or False: Weight-loss surgery is the only method that produces a significant drop in sustained weight loss in almost everyone with extreme obesity. - Answer-True True or False: Weight loss surgery has a higher mortality rate than gall bladder surgery or joint replacement. - Answer-False (Lower). In the "Perceived Barriers to Physical Activity among Pregnant Women," is the study qualitative or quantitative? - Answer-Both, it discusses subjects' experiences + collects info through interviews and codes different categories of barriers in the focus groups. What were the 5 categories of barriers to Physical Health? - Answer-1) Intrapersonal 2) Interpersonal 3) Neighborhood/environmental 4) Organizational 5) Policy What was the most commonly reported barrier to physical health during pregnancy? - Answer-Intrapersonal health-related: Tiredness, lower energy, shortness of breath, muskuloskeletal problems. What are some intervention recommendations from the "Pregnant Women" Article? - Answer-1) Need for child care 2) Social support 3) Changes to environment What is the most common consequence of obesity? - Answer-Diabetes What were some ways Fast Food Companies were profiting off of children's ignorance? - Answer-1) Putting Coke emblem on scoreboard 2) Vending machines by outside companies to provide income.