NYSTCE EXAM WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS

Behaviorism - correct answerspeople's actions are driven by a need to gain rewards or avoid punishments. Reinforcement - correct answersmeant to increase a good behavior; a reward Punishment - correct answersmeant to decrease bad behavior Positive reinforcement - correct answersinvolves giving someone something that he or she wants Negative reinforcement - correct answerstaking away something that someone does not want Positive punishment - correct answersinvolves giving someone something that he or she does not want Negative punishment - correct answersinvolves taking away something that someone does want Extinction - correct answersdecreases the chances of a response to something by withdrawing reinforcement of the behavior; like a reset button Constructivism - correct answersa philosophy of education that says that people construct knowledge through their experiences and interactions with the world Social learning - correct answerslearning through interactions with other people Vyogtsky's Zone of Proximal Development - correct answerspeople learn best from other people who are just a little ahead of them Project-based learning (PBL) - correct answersfocuses on giving an open-ended question and complex problem to a group of students and having them figure out the best solution to the problem 4 Steps to PBL - correct answers1. Learners are presented with a problem; 2. group develop theories to explain the problem; 3. Learners work independently to come up with solutions; 4. Regroup to compare solutions and develop a plan. Critical Theory - correct answersa philosophy that involves being critical of the prevailing view of society Critical theory in education - correct answersis about questioning how our educational system can best offer education to all people Problems with access to technology - correct answerspoorer schools can have a harder time getting technology in the hands of their students; poor students have lower technological fluency than middle- and upper-class students. Humanism - correct answersa branch of psychology related to the theories Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers, has at its core the idea that people want to grow and fulfill their ultimate potential. Self-Directed Learning - correct answersinvolves students learning what they want and need to learn, not what the teacher arbitrarily decides is important. Extrinsic motivators - correct answersthings outside of a person that motivate them to do something. Self-evaluation - correct answersthoughtful assessment of one's own work lifelong learners - correct answerspeople who continue to learn even after they leave school Learning - correct answersinvolves