Anthro Final: WVU Sahady with Verified Solutions

Anthro Final: WVU Sahady with Verified Solutions historic archaeology archaeology with written documents prehistoric archaeology archaeology before written documents overall goal of archaeology to understand and reconstruct history and past cultures culture Tool that helps us know how to behave appropriately in varying situations & helps us to interpret meaning cultural relavitism is the idea that a person's beliefs, values, and practices should be understood based on that person's own culture, rather than be judged against the criteria of another taxonomy classification using sets of categories science The different processes that people use to discover how things work in the natural world shovel test pit Determine if a potential site is a site to decide exactly where to dig features Non-removable artifacts, such as, hearts, pits, and walls artifact things that have been consciously manufactured by people, form of material culture ethnocentrism Popular perceptions and misperceptions of other cultures Pastoralism emphasis on the herding of animals (Most nomadic Egalitarian (within their group, but not with outsiders), Socioeconomic stratification, Vague leadership, Labor is divided by sex, Ancestor worship) Hunting and Gathering Food is obtained by foraging. Lack of social stratification but consists of egalitarianism, polytheism, bands, nomadism, monogamy, polygyny, several related families what is the "political system" of a state? political ranking what is the "political system" of a band? small kinship, just prestige what is the "political system" of a tribe? prestige what is the "political system" of a chiefdom? major prestige subsistence patterns Sexual division of labor, political organizations, leadership, hunting and gathering States social classes, central government, wealth power and prestige, formal political system, early states were monarchies (agriculture, peasants) Bands Hunters and gatherers gathered into small groups (nomadic, foraging, egalitarian, small kinship (family) groups) Tribe sedentary, food producing (horticulture/pastoralism), egalitarian, kinship (family) group Chiefdom ranked in terms of prestige, precursor to States, agriculture / peasants and specialization Most of the artifacts that make up the archaeological record are: garbage Which refers to a kind of artifact, but is differentiated because they cannot be easily removed from an archaeological site? features