Psychology exam all multiple choice with 100% correct answers 2024

In the definition of psychology, the term 'behavior' means _______. - answer-overt actions and reactions A psychologist is interested in finding out why married couples seemingly begin to look like each other after several years of marriage. This psychologists is most interested in the goal of _____. - answer-explanation Who is considered to be the father os African American Psychology? - answer-Francis Cecil Sumner Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis focused on ______. - answer-introspection Which psychologist focused on observable behavior? - answer-Watson Which perspective is often referred to as the "third force" in psychology and focuses on a person's freedom of choice and determining their behavior? - answer-humanism Which perspective best explains the bystander effect whereby individuals will be less likely to help someone in need because of the presence of others close by? - answer-sociocultural If Dr. Byers uses an eclectic approach in her clinical treatment of children, what is she doing? - answer-she is using a combonation of perspectives to treat different clients Dr. Colton identifies himself with the largest subfield of psychology. What kind of psychologist is he? - answer-clinical Micah has recently been diagnosed with a psychological disorder that is best addressed initially with medication. He would likely benefit the most by seeing a ______ - answer-psychiatrist Which step in the scientific method is derived from the goal of description? - answer-perceiving a question Brianne wants to find an explanation for the behavior of her lab rats in her study. Which step in the scientific method is she currently focusing on? - answer-testing a hypothesis The famous study of Phineas Gage, who survived when a mental rod pierced his skull, is an example of - answer-case study A researcher finds that as her subject increased the number of hours they spent exercising, the overall weight of her subjects decreased. This would be an example of a _________ correlation. - answer-negetive A researcher wants to study the effects of texting on driving. Students in Group A drive a car in a computer game and see how many virtual accidents they have. Students in Group B are asked to drive the same virtual car but must respond to or send at least three texts. The number of virtual accidents is measured for each group. What is the independent variable? - answer-texting A researcher asks an assistant to conduct a study on her behalf. She specifically tells her assistant only to share the results anonymously and not include the names of the students along with their scores. Such an experiment would be considered a _______. - answer-double-blind Double-blind studies control for ______. - answer-the placebo effect and the experiment effect If a chart showed that more than 80 precent of the students received either an A or B in the class, one would describe the chart as _____. - answer-positively skewed The mean, median, and mode are all measures of ______. - answer-central tendency ______ is a way of organizing numbers and summarizing them so that they can be understood whereas ______ allows researchers to draw conclusions about the results of research. - answer-descriptive statistics; inferential statistics In the structure of the neuron, the _____ receives messages from other cells. - answer-dendrite A fatty substance found in the brain is known as _____. - answer-myelin Which of the following insulates and protects a neuron's axon, as well as helps to speed along electrical impulses? - answer-myelin sheath When a neuron is in the resting potential state, the neuron is negatively charged on the _____ and positively charged on the _____. - answer-inside, outside Which neurotransmitters simulated muscle cells to contract but slows contractions in the heart? - answer-acetylcholine Heroin mimics the actions of endorphins, inhibiting pain signals and creating a "high" feeling. Heroin is an example of an _____. - answer-agonist involuntary muscles are controlled by the _____ nervous system. - answer-autonomic As you take notes, you heart beats at a normal rate. Your breathing is normal and your stomach slowly digests your earlier meal. What division of the autonomic nervous system is currently in action. - answer-parasympathetic Robert has had difficulty sleeping for the past 6 months and his body seemingly no longer differentiates between night and day. His doctor believes the problem lies with Roberts endocrine system. What gland will Robert's physician focus on? - answer-Pineal gland Which gland is knowns to influence all other glands within the endocrine system? - answer-pituitary gland In which of Selye's stages is death a possible outcome? - answer-Exhaustion Bailey is a subject in a study on memory and on problem solving. The researcher is applying magnetic impulses to her brain through copper wire coils positioned directly above her scalp. Bailey's study would best be described as a ________. - answer-non-invasive stimulation technique Maria often sleeps soundly and rarely awakens to any outside noise. However, the cries of Maria's baby can awaken her immediately. Which part of the brain is responsible for this reaction? - answer-reticular formation Alexis and Theresa are synchronized swimmers for their high school swim team. They often work long hours to ensure the movements in their routine are perfectly times. What part for their brains must Alexis and Theresa rely most upon? - answer-cerebellum Your psychology teacher refers to this as the great relay station. Which part of the brain are they referring to? - answer-thalamus Jessica has suffered a severe blow to the back of her head when she was thrown from her horse. Subsequently, her occipital love has been injured. Which of her senses has the highest chance of being affected? - answer-touch Fleicia is recovering from a brain injury. She is able to speak fluently but often uses incorrect words in a sentence. Felicia's problem is known as ______. - answer-Wernicke's aphasia Although the brain works largely as a whole, which of the following is not a correct pairing of hemisphere and function? - answer-right; control of right-handed motor functions The rod-shaped structures found in the nuclei of cells are called ______. - answer-Chromosomes Which of the following statements about environmental influences is most accurate? - answer-Parents and peers both influence children's behavior You notice that you have to add 1 onion to your pot of chili that already has 5 onions mixed in it to notice a difference. According to Weber's law, how many onions would you have to add to notice a difference if you are making twice as much chili with 10 onions? - answer-2 A study purportedly conducted by James Vicary teaches us what about the power of subliminal perception and its effect on advertising? - answer-Subliminal advertising was never supported You detect the strong smell of cedar when you enter a furniture store. However, after a short while in the store, you no longer detect the smell. This process is known as ______. - answer-sensory adaptation Which of the following terms refers to the amplitude of a light wave? - answer-brightness Surgically correcting a patient's vision through LASIK is making adjustments t the patient's - answer-cornea What part of the eye hardens as we age? - answer-lens A deer's inability to quickly respond to the headlights of an approaching car is due to what sensory phenomenon? - answer-light adaptation The hammer, the anvil, and the stirrup are part of the _____. - answer-middle ear John has played his music loudly for years. Now he had a continuous ringing in both of his ears. What would John probably be diagnosed with? - answer-Tinnitus Studies show a taste preference can typically begin ______. - answer-before the baby is born Jude's nose had been stopped up for several days. What effect, is any, might his cold have on his sense of taste? - answer-his sense of taste will be dulled If a child suffers from congenital analgesia, why must he or she be careful when playing outside? - answer-the child cannot feel pain If Tabathia closes her eyes when she rides in her parent's car, she can still tell the car is moving. This is because of movement of in crystal in the _______. - answer-olotith organs When a child stops spinning, he or she often feels like his or her head is still spinning. What is responsible for this sensation? - answer-fluid still rotating around the semicircular canals Little Karla is with her mother at the docks waiting for her daddy to return from his naval deployment. while the boat is still a ways out, her mother says, "There is daddy's boat." Karla is confused. She cannot understand how her dad can be on a boat that is so small. It's safe to assume Karla does not yet understand _____. - answer-size consistency XX XX XX XXXXXX XX XX XX XXXXXX XX XX XX XXXXXX Seeing three columns of Xs on the left versus three rows of Xs on the right can be explained by the Gestalt principle - answer-proximity As you watch a jet fly high overhead, it seems to slowly pass by. What monocular depth cue best explains this? - answer-motion parallax The Müller-Lyer illusion is influenced greatly by one's ______. - answer-culture Allison opened her new jigsaw puzzle but soon realized that she had the same puzzle when she was a child. With her past experience to rely upon, Allison will probably use __________ to help her reassemble the puzzle. - answer-top-down processing Kip enjoys playing with sparklers on the 4th of July. He always loves watching a friend run with a sparkler and the momentary trail of light that seems to be left behind. Which aspect of our visual system best explains this trail of light? - answer-persistence of vision If Jane is aware of what is going on around her and what is going on within her, then it is safe to say the she is in a ____. - answer-state of waking consciousness What part of the brain is influential in determining when to sleep? - answer-hypothalamus It might be best to say that adaptive theory explains ____, whereas restorative theory explains _____. - answer-when we sleep; why we sleep What is the result on Carlos's memory if he deprives himself of sleep the night prior to his exam? - answer-He will remember less is he deprives himself of sleep In REM sleep _____. - answer-voluntary muscles are inhibited Hypnogogic images are experienced in _____ sleep. - answer-N1 In N3 sleep ____. - answer-people experience the deepest stage of sleep Nightmares are more common in childhood because children ____. - answer-spend more time in REM sleep than adults In which stage of sleep are dreams most likely to occur? - answer-REM What is another name for somnabulism? - answer-sleepwalking Through Josef's work is not physically challenging, it tends to mentally drain him. What type of sleep will Josef require more of? - answer-REM Sleep Gerald has difficulty falling asleep. Harley falls asleep but often wakes up early. Dale typically sleeps for 10 hours.All three are not rested upon rising. Who seems to be experiencing insomnia? - answer-al three of them Bill suddenly and without wrning slips into REM sleep during the day. Bill may have ____. - answer-narcolepsy Why might some very young infants have difficulty breathing? - answer-the brain stem is not fully mature Tawny is bothered by the fact that her dreams often seem to jump randomly from scene with little meaning. What theory best explains her dreams? - answer-activation-synthesis Anthony's therapist is using hypnosis to help him recall difficult memories. Danny's is helping prepare him for dental surgery, and Patrick is using his to help him quit drinking. Which client has the highest chance for success? - answer-All three can benefit While hypnotized Bobby stood on his chair and crowed like a rooster. Bobby said later that he had the chance to do those things because he was hypnotized. What theory best explains his behavior? - answer-the social cognitive explanation for hypnosis Which of the following is not one of the effects of meditation? - answer-reduced need for sleep Jackie has found that when she tries to quit drinking, she shakes uncontrollably. Such a reaction is an example of _____. - answer-withdrawal Which is the most commonly used and abused depressant? - answer-alochol The thinking and attitudes of many who survived the Depression of the 1930s changed them for the rest of their lives. This would be an example of a ______. - answer-cohort effect If a person has one gene for blue eyes but actually has brown eyes, blue eyes must be a _____ trait. - answer-recessive Which of the following is a disorder caused by a transmission through recessive genes? - answer-PKU Which of the following represents the fertilization process for monozygotic twins? - answer-one egg is fertilized by one sperm and then splits Which of the following is said to stay in an immature state until needed to produce more cells? - answer-stem cells Which of the following best describes the relationship between age and task performance? - answer-Old age negatively impacts performance but experience positively impacts performance Dr. Kahn measures how long baby Lydia looks at a particular stimulus. The technique is known as ______. - answer-preferential looking At what age ca the typical infant roll over? - answer-2 months What occurs during the process of synaptic pruning? - answer-Unused synaptic connections and nerve cells are cleared out to make way for new cells In which of Paiget's stages does the child become capable of understanding conservation? - answer-concreate operations stage Monique says "milk" when she wants her milk from the kitchen counter. Subsequently, she says "milk" after she has had a drink. Using a single phrase to mean different things is an example of _____. - answer-holophrase Which of the following is a myth regarding immunizations? - answer-If all the other children in a school are immunized, there is really no harm in not immunizing one's own child In the Strange Situation, ______ babies would cry when their mother left the room but were happy upon her return. - answer-secure What is a new explanation as to why teenagers and young adults may engage in risky behavior? - answer-such behavior may be due to incomplete development of the prefrontal cortex When Sami enters a room, two students stop their discussion. That Sami thinks they were talking about her is an example of _____. - answer-imaginary audiance What cognitive changes occurring during middle adulthood are the most noticeable? - answer-memory starts to diminish Independence and self-reliance in teenage years is the most likely due to ____ parenting. - answer-authoritative According to Erikson, late adulthood focuses on ______. - answer-integrity Which theory of aging states that unstable oxygen molecules causes damage to surrounding cells? - answer-free radical theory Kip think he is losing his mind because he is angry at a friend who died in an accident. Based on Kubler-Ross's research, what might you tell him? - answer-Anger towards death is a normal reaction Shelia got hit by a car at a street corner because she was too busy gossiping about her coworkers with a friend on her phone and did not pay attention to the traffic before she entered the crosswalk. From that day on, Shelia looks before she reaches the street corner. Her behavior is a result of ____. - answer-learning Your dog comes running at the rattle of the chain on his leash when you get ready to take him for a walk. In this example, what is the conditioned stimulus? - answer-the sound of the leash A child has been classically conditioned to fear a white rat. If the child does not show feat when shown a black rat. this is called ______. - answer-stimulus discrimination You have stopped taking your dog for walks and now he doesn't come running when he hears the rattle of the leash. What has occurred? - answer-extinction Rhonda had tarter sauce with her fish and suddenly became nauseated and sick for much of the day. Now the thought of fish with tarter sauce makes her queasy. Her queasiness is probably due to ____. - answer-a conditioned taste aversion Catlin found that many of her lab rats would develop a conditioned taste aversion to certain foods after as little as one trial. This is a classic example of _____. - answer-biological preparedness Blake washes his car because then his friends will ride with him. What theory best explains why he washes his car? - answer-operant conditioning In classical conditioning, behavior typically is ____, whereas with operant conditioning, behavior is ___. - answer-involuntary, voluntary Where do secondary reinforcers get their power from? - answer-classical conditioning Positive reinforcement results in ____ in the target behavior and negative reinforcement results in _____ in the target behavior. - answer-an increase, an increase Belinda takes some aspirin to make her headache go away. This is an example of _____. - answer-negative reinforcement Ben gets paid every 2 weeks. regaurdless of the total number of hours he works each week, he is paid every two weeks. What schedule of reinforcement is being used? - answer-fixed interval Denise came home after curfew. Her parents have taken away her cell phone for a month. Losing her cell phone privileges is an example of _____. - answer-punishment by removal Which of the following strengthens a response? - answer-negative reinforcement A mother ignores there child's temper tantrum so that the behavior ultimately goes away. This is an example of ____. - answer-extinction Keller and Breland found that animals they studied would learn skills through reinforcement but eventually revert to their genetically controlled patterns of behavior. This phenomenon is known as _____. - answer-instinctive drift Jose was lying in bed when it suddenly came to him out of nowhere how he might deal with a fast approaching deadline at work. Psychologists would refer to this as ____ - answer-insight learning Jody failed repeatedly in college algebra. Finally, she gave up and refused to try again even though her best friend offered to help her. What concept might explain her reluctance? - answer-learned helplessness What does AMID stand for? - answer-Attention, Memory, Imitation, Desire What component of observational learning model explains why Darla doesn't want to exercise even though she sees her friends exercising? - answer-Darla is not motivated to lose weight Saul admits that he conforms so as to be liked by others. This is known as ____. - answer-compliance According to the text, in which the following has groupthink been known to occur? - answer-the titanic Maria was asked by her neighbor to adopt two or three kittens that were abandoned by their mother. Although Maria refused to take in three kittens, she did agree to adopt just one. What compliance technique did her neighbor use on Maria? - answer-door-in-the-face Follow-up studies to Stanley Milgram's research have suggested that a "teacher's" willingness to deliver potentially lethal shocks may be more a product of ____ than obedience. - answer-compliance The public service messages that encourage parents to sit down with their children and talk frankly about drugs are promoting which method of attitude formation? - answer-direct instruction Researchers have found that a ____ degree of fear in a message makes it more effective, particularly when it is combined with _____. - answer-moderate threats; information about the consequences Sandy was a juror in the trial for a man accused of stealing guns. The defendant was not very well spoken and came from a very poor background, but Sandy listened carefully and made her decision based on the evidence. Sandy was using ___ processing. - answer-central-route processing If LaShonda was experiencing cognitive dissonance between her attitude and behavior, which of the following would help her reduce that sensation. - answer-changing her behavior The behavioral component of prejudice is _____. - answer-discrimination If behavior is assumed to be caused by external characteristics this is known as ____. - answer-a situational cause Thomas likes to "hang with the guys" These people with whom Thomas identifies most strongly with are called an - answer-in-group The "Robber's Cave" experiment showed the value of ____ in combating prejudice. - answer-equal status contact Carla loves to play pool and has become quite good at the game. Lately, she has noticed that she seems to play better when there are people watching her than when she is playing alone. This difference in Carla's playing is most likely the result of ____. - answer-social facilitation Alexei misses a soccer practice. Which of the following explanations for Alexi's absence was dispositional? - answer-he is irresponsible Vivian met Steve at work and become friends. Over time, they found themselves falling in love--or as Vivian tells her friends, "Steve just grew on me!" According to research in interpersonal attraction, the most likely explanation for their attraction is ____. - answer-mere exposure A couple whose love is based off of intimacy and passion but who are not yet committed to a long-term relationship are in the form of love called ______ love. - answer-romantic The concept that aggression results from a social role is based on what psychological theory? - answer-learning To which two processes do most social psychologists attribute the failure of those around Kitty Genovese to help her? - answer-bystander effect and diffusion of responsibility Gladys knows that she can help people simply by dialing 911 on her phone if an emergency arises. Which step on the decision process for helping would Gladys be at? - answer-planning a course of action Helping someone in trouble with no expectation of reward describes the prosocial behavior _____. - answer-altruism A shared set of beliefs, behaviors, values, and attitudes held by a group of people or a society is known as _____. - answer-culture Gender is defined as _____. - answer-psychological aspect of being male or female Which of the following questions might a psychologist using etic approach to studying cultures might ask? - answer-How are western cultures the same as Eastern cultures? Research has shown that men tend to talk to each other about _____. - answer-current events Cross-cultural psychology is the study of ____. - answer-human thought and behavior acrosspsychologica cultures A cultural pressure to work together and be part of the group most common in cultures that have a high degree of ____. - answer-collectivism Which of the following cultures was found to value creativity to a lesser degree than in Western cultures. - answer-Japanese A young child moves and adapts to a new culture. This is an example of _____. - answer-acculturation The differences between males and females in math and verbal skills may be caused by psychological and social issues because ____. - answer-the difference has decreased in recent years In China, some brides now wear white gowns instead of traditional red gowns. This is an example that demonstrates - answer-one culture can influence another A gender role characteristic of people whose personalities reflect the characteristics of both males and females, regaurdless of gender, is best known as ____. - answer-androgyny Gender roles are created by - answer-culture's expectations for male and female behavior Studies have shown that ____ are more concerned about appropriate gender behavior in their children, particularly their _____ children. - answer-fathers; male Each culture has its own or learned ways controlling displays of emotion in social settings. - answer-display rules The development of a person's sense of being male or female is called - answer-gender identity Which of the following conclusions does Phoebe Ellsworth's study of emotions suggest? - answer-our culture gives us a context for interpreting actions and assigning emotions to those actions Alex sees his father hammering some nails into a board. Later Alex pretends to hammer in some imaginary nails. Of which theory of gender development would this be a good example? - answer-social learning theory In _____ cultures, gender roles re seen as more traditional, whereas in _____ cultures they may be more nontraditional, especially for women. - answer-collectivist; individualist Which of the following would be a prototype fruit in the U.S.? - answer-apple Which of the following is not a quality associated with culture? - answer-culture is biologically based The steps t memory can be best described as follows: - answer-putting it in, keeping it in, getting it out Everything that can be seen at one time is best known as: - answer-iconic memory Which type of memory best explains the "What?" phenomenon? - answer-echoic memory For information to travel from sensory memory to short-term memory, it must first be ______ and then encoded primarily into ____ form - answer-selectively attended to; auditory form While talking with a person you just mer, you realize that you have already forgotten the person's name. What amount of time does it typically take before such information is lost from short-term memory? - answer-12-30 seconds Early studies of short-term memory suggested that most people could remember about _____ bits of information? - answer-seven Carla has just met a man named will and wants to remember his name. What should she do? - answer-Remind herself that Will has the same name as her uncle* _____ memory includes what people can do or demonstrate, whereas ___ memory is about what people know and can report. - answer-episodic; semantic or nondeclarative, declarative (honestly can't tell) The semantic network model of memory suggests that the ___ nodes you must pass through to access information, the longer it will take you to recall informtion - answer-more Phineas walked into the conference room from his office and forgot wha he went there for. According to the encoding specificity hypothesis, what should Phineas do to regain his lost memory? - answer-Phineas should return to his office A true/false test is an example of using - answer-recognition When creating a presentation, develop a strong opening as well as a good summary and finish, What aspect of memory best explains these suggestion? - answer-recency effect* (serial position effect) When your mother tells you to dress for success at your interview, she is telling you that people often remember what they first see. This belief is in line with what element of memory? - answer-primacy effect Research by Elizabeth Loftus shows that eyewitnesses recognition is very prone to what psychologists call... - answer-false positives The tendency of certain elements to enter long term memory with little or no effort to encode and organize them is what defines ____. - answer-flashbulb memory The ability of a person to remember what they were doing when the U.S. was attacked on September 11, 2001 is an example of ____ - answer-flashbulb memory In Hermann Ebbinghaus's classic study on memory and the forgetting curve, how long after learning the lists does most forgetting happen? - answer-one hour You are surprised by the fact that you cannot remember if Abraham Lincoln's hear faces the left or the right on a penny. What would explain such an inability to recall this information? - answer-encoding failure H.M. was unable to form new declarative memories. He suffered from what psychologists call ____. - answer-anterograde amnesia Brenda knows how to tie her shoes but finds it difficult to explain to her brother how to tie his shoes---but she can easily demonstrate it for him. Brenda's memory for shoe-tying is best characterized as a _____memory - answer-non-declareative memory It takes ___ to view a mental image that covers more distance than a more compact one. - answer-longer Research suggests we engage mental images in our mind _____ the way we engage or interact with physical objects. - answer-much like The fact that a circle typically fits a specific and rigid set of rules is an example of a _____. - answer-formal concept Trial and error is something referred to as a _____. - answer-mechanical solution John, while searching the garage for his basketball, applies arule to only look in places big enough for a basketball to fit in. This process of problem solving is known as using a ______. - answer-heuristic Using a pencil eraser to replace a lost earring back is an example of overcoming ____. - answer-functional fixedness Which of the following questions would be more likely to produce divergent thinking? - answer-"How many uses can you think of for a clothes hanger?" Which type of intelligence, according to Howard Gardner, would most likely present in farmers, landscapers, and biologists? - answer-naturalist According to Sternberg, "book smarts" is another way of talking about which type of intelligence? - answer-analytical Which of the following tests came first? - answer-Binet's mental ability test Ms. Davenport gives all her classes 45 minutes to complete their psychology test regaurdless of whether the class meets 50 minutes, 75 minutes, or even 3 hours. Such a technique ensures test _____. - answer-standardization In contrast to comparing mental age to chronological age most modern test of intelligence use _____. - answer-age-group comparison norms The goal of all test developers is to _____ cultural bias in their intelligence tests. - answer-minimize Dr. Miller works with children who have grown up in poor socioeconomic conditions. Many are malnourished have been exposed t a variety of environmental toxins, and have multiple infections without adequate or timely health care. What might these children be at risk for? - answer-intellectual disibility Dr. Thomas has found that William, her patient, has a defect in a gene on the X chromosome of his 23rd pair. William most likely suffers from ____. - answer-fragile X syndrome In Terman's study of gifted children, mental health issues and relationship problems only occurred in those IQ's of _____. - answer-180 and higher What may be the best predictor of why some people do not excel n school but essentially succeed in their life and career choices? - answer-emotional intelligence What does the Flynn effect theorize? - answer-Intelligence scores are steadily increasing in modernized countries Jane grew up in an isolated rural area of the U.S., with very little exposure to popular culture. Jane does not know the common slang meaning of words like "cool" and "awesome." What problem might Jane encounter if she took an intelligence test? - answer-cultural bias Which heuristic can be used to create and maintain stereotypes? - answer-representative heuristic Jasmine often requires her friends' approval when she buys new outfits. Her need is an example of a _______ drive. - answer-accquired Eli enjoys woodcarving. His enjoyment of the task is all his own. Many would call his motivation ____ in nature. - answer-intrinsic The approach to motivation that forced psychologists to consider the value of homeostasis in motivation was the _____ approach. - answer-drive-reduction Motivational theories such as _______ are physical in terms of their needs. - answer-drive theory Dodi constantly asks for feedback from his customers so he can know what he needs to do to be the best. Dodi is high in the need for _____. - answer-need for achievement An important component to Carol Dweck's theory of motivation is _____. - answer-one's view of self According to the arousal theory, people are typically motivated toward ___ point of arousal. - answer-the optimal A point, even for a moment, when someone reaches a state of self actualization is a ______ experience. - answer-peak Jacob believes he is in control of his own destiny; however, he still feels the need to master many of the challenges in his life. According to self-determination theory, which stage is Jacob still working to complete? - answer-competence According to Maslow's hierarchy, our lowest-level needs are _____. - answer-physicological According to Maslow's hierarchy, our highest-level need is _____. - answer-self-actualization* (transcendence) A person seems to need more complex and varied sensory experiences than do other people is best described as a ______ person. - answer-sensation seeking Studies indicate that women from _____ are more likely to eat because their body tells them they are hungry. - answer-Japan The research on human sexuality that is criticized for putting more emphasis on "abnormal" behavior is the ______ report. - answer-Kinsey LeDoux's work on physiology involving emotions has focused on what part of the brain? - answer-thalamus Research on facial expressions has taught us that facial expressions are _____. - answer-universal An understanding of when and under what conditions and feelings may be displayed within a culture is a - answer-display rule What theory of emotion states that the emotion typically occurs before arousal and behavior? - answer-the original, or common sense theory Schachter and Singer's theory of emotion relies heavily - answer-labeling According to Lazarus, _______. - answer-appraisal of a situtation precedes both physical arousal and the experience of emotion Irritability or adaptability are examples of - answer-temperment According to Freud, the _____ works off of the pleasure principle. - answer-id You are shocked to hear that two of your friends who seemingly hated one another are now getting married. According to Freud, what defense mechanism best explains their prior behavior? - answer-reaction formation Resolving the Oedipal conflict results in - answer-identification Your teacher explains how all females have an inner masculine side that adds to their personality. This concept is known as an - answer-anima Which of the following is a way in which Jung's beliefs differed from Freud's? - answer-Jung believed in the collective unconscious Karen Horney's study of one's personality focused on - answer-anxiety during childhood Candice believes that fate will help her find the right man with whom she will live her life. She likely has an external - answer-locus of control Keisha works hard at her job because she believes it will increase her chances for a promotion. According to Julian Rotter's theory, her effort is and example of what he calls _____. - answer-expectancy That it can be tested scientifically is an advantage of the _____ view over the psychodynamic view. - answer-social-cognitive Which perspective of psychology focuses on the role of each person's conscious life experiences and choices in personality development? - answer-unconditional positive reguard An old motto of the U.S. Army was, "Be all you can be." This concept fits well with Carl Roger's theory of - answer-self-actualizing tendency* According to Rogers, a mismatch between the real and ideal self - answer-can result in anxiety and neurotic behavior To explain an individual's personality, trait theorists would look to - answer-the constellation of personality characteristics possessed by the person. Studies of the heritability of personality traits have found - answer-strong evidence to support some personality traits can be passed by genetics Jolene carefree and not as ambitious as some of the other women in her office. Instead, Jolene likes to have a lot of leisure time whenever possible. Jolene is most likely a - answer-Type B personality Azriel thrives on stress and feels in control of his life. His personality would be labeled as - answer-hardy Which type of assessment would be the most reliable? - answer-personality inventory The _____ is based on the five-factor model. - answer-NEO-PI-R Personality neuroscience is an emerging field offering evidence of a possible relationship between various aspects of personality with - answer-brain structure and function If you believed an evil spirit was causing a mental disorder, you might preform an ______. - answer-exorcism You are eating frogs because you are hopelessly lost in a forest and starving. by what definition might you behavior be best classified? - answer-situational context Although Dr. Akido knows that his patient, Aki, believes her anxiety has a biological explanation, in learning more about her family origin, he suspects it has a psychological cause. This of an example of _____. - answer-cultural relativity* How many axes does the DSM-5 use to aid mental health professionals in making a diagnosis? - answer-it does not use the axis system Trypanophobia, also known as fear of inherent an injection, is an example of a - answer-specific phobia Aaron hates to go to restaurants for the fear he will be seated in the far back of the restaurant and will be unable to get out in case of an emergency. This may be a symptom of - answer-agoraphobia Ria experienced a sudden intense fear when she was boarding a plane. Ria's heart raced and she became dizzy. Ria experienced a - answer-panic attack When the symptoms associated with acute stress disorder last for more than one month the disorder is called - answer-PTSD Survivors of natural disasters like Hurricane Sandy in 2012 may experience higher influences of - answer-PTSD Calvin had a poor job interview and believes he ruined his future. He says to himself, "I had to ace the interview. It had to be perfect, and it wasn't!" How might a cognitive-behaviorial psychologist classify this distorted thought process? - answer-all-or-nothing thinking A type of amnesia caused by physical trauma is ____ amnesia. - answer-retrograde Depersonalization/derealization is a type of dissociative disorder that has been found to have possible _____ foundations for the experience of detachment. - answer-biological The most common type of mood disorder is ______ disorder - answer-major depressive Behavioral theorists link depression to - answer-learned helplessness A person who rationalizes that since they have has a single treat, their diet is ruined and therefore they might as well go ahead and eat excessively may be suffering from - answer-Bulimia An eating disorder associated with overeating but not purging is called - answer-binge eating Which model of abnormality talks about reinforcement and imitation as ways of developing abnormal behavior? - answer-Behavioral* Rodney has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. He shows little emotion to any situation. Psychologists refer to this characteristic as - answer-flat affect What neurotransmitter was first believed to be the cause of schizophrenia - answer-dopamine Colleen found herself attracted to her psychology instructor. When he didn't respond to her advances, Colleen eventually told him that she had thoughts of killing herself so that he would spend time trying to counsel her. What personality disorder best describes Colleen's thinking and behavior? - answer-borderline Clara is going to a therapist to gain a better understanding of why she has self-destructive relationships with all her friends. This type of therapy is known as ____ therapy. - answer-insight Through the use of ____, a person-centered therapist conveys they are trying t understand the experience of the person they are working with. - answer-emapthy Loana is seeing a psychodynamic therapist. She begins to feel safe and protected by her therapist, the same way she feels around her parents. Freud would most likely argue that Loana is experiencing - answer-free association Which of the following clients would probably get the least benefit from a humanist therapy? - answer-Cody, who has a hard time putting thoughts and feelings into words in a logical manner* To overcome her fear of balloons, because the sound they make when they pop, Bella must sit in a room of balloons while a therapist pops each one. After, a while Bella realizes her fear is unjustified and pops some herself. This technique is called - answer-flooding Maria sat down with her daughter, Zoe, and together wrote out a list of things that Zoe was expected to do each day and the rewards she would get is she did them, and the penalties when would face if she didn't. This is which technique? - answer-token economy For both children and adults, and for many undesirable behaviors, the use of ____ or some form of "time out:" can be quite effective. - answer-extinction Stephan gets a text from his girlfriend saying she has to work overtime. Stephan assumes his girlfriend is seeing someone else at work. Beck would say that Stephan has engaged in what type of distorted thinking? - answer-arbitrary thinking Devin's wife comes home angry from her job, and he immediately assumes it is something he did. Such irrational thinking is an example of - answer-personalization Which therapy style requires the therapist to actively confront a client's irrational beliefs? - answer-rational emotive behavior therapy Family therapy is a form of group therapy in which - answer-the entire family participates as no one person is seen as the problem Using one, or a combination of any number of therapeutic treatments depending on the situation is an example of an _____ approach - answer-eclectic Typical antipsychotic drugs work by blocking out what neurotransmitter? - answer-dopamine Antipsychotic drug side effects like repetitive involuntary jerks and movements of the face, lips, legs, and body make up a syndrome known as - answer-tardive dykinesa Which of the following is not an ethical principle of mental health treatment? - answer-the therapist must direct as many aspects of the client's life as possible to help the client fully recover Which of the following is a cognitive symptom of stress? - answer-memory problems The term used to describe the stress from positive events is - answer-eustress Unpredictable, large-scale events that create a great deal of stress and feelings of threat are called - answer-catastrophes After the car accident, Yoshiko suffered from nightmares and other sleeping problems, and she could not concentrate on her work. After about 2 weeks, these symptoms disappeared and she was able to work and sleep normally again. Yoshiko was suffering from - answer-acute stress disorder For which of the following groups of people would lack of money be more stressful then other groups, according to ellis? - answer-elderly people After getting yelled at by her boss, Rachel goes home and yells at her cat. Rachel is displaying - answer-displaced aggression In which stage of the general adaptation syndrome is death a possible outcome? - answer-exhaustion Mike told his friends he was cut from the basketball team because the coach didn't like him, but his friends know it was because he hardly ever practiced. Micheal's excuse is an example os an ____ frustration while he despises practicing is an example of a ___ frustration. - answer-external; personal Which of the following is a psychological factor in stress? - answer-uncontrollability Which of the following is NOT one of the three methods suggested by Vaughan to promote a positive, optimistic mood? - answer-using a scapegoat Shuna goes to the school's academic help center for tutoring and spends extra time working algebra problems at home. Shauna's method of coping is - answer-problem focused Expressing feelings that would be threatening if directed at the real target onto a less threatening substitute target is the psychological defense mechanism known as - answer-displacement Which of the following is one of the ways to promote wellness in one's life? - answer-get enough sleep Who among the following probably has the least ability to cope effectively with stress? - answer-Jackie, Who has few friends and whose family lives far away from her Which of the following people is most likely to experience job stress? - answer-a worker who has no contract and may be fired at any time Negative changes in thoughts, emotions, and behavior as a result of prolonged stress and frustration are known as - answer-burnout An increased rate of PTSD in a population would most likely be a result of which of the following factors? - answer-an ongoing, large-scale military conflice Which of the following is the most valid criticism of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale - answer-the 1997 revision is only relevant to adults who were working in 1997* Although she dresses and acts like her American friends, Houng has still retained much of her cultural heritage and attends traditional Chinese dance classes on the weekends. This is an example of - answer-integration Jenny often closes her eyes and envisions herself on a quiet beach during sunset. This vision often helps her to relax. Such an approach is known as - answer-visualization