NCLEX: Inflammatory & Structural Heart Disorders fully solved 2024/2025

NCLEX: Inflammatory & Structural Heart DisordersAssessment of an IV cocaine user with infective endocarditis should focus on which signs and symptoms (select all that apply) a. Retinal hemorrhages b. splinter hemorrhages c. presence of Osler's nodes d. Painless nodules over bony prominences e. painless erythematous macules on the palms and soles - correct answer a. Retinal hemorrhages b. splinter hemorrhages c. presence of Osler's nodes e. painless erythematous macules on the palms and soles Rationale: Clinical manifestations of infective endocarditis may include hemorrhagic retinal lesions (Roth's spots), splinter hemorrhages (black, longitudinal streaks) that may occur in the nail beds, Osler's nodes (painful, tender, red or purple, pea-size lesions) on the fingertips or toes, and Janeway's lesions (flat, painless, small, red spots) on the palms and soles. The nurse is caring for a patient with chronic constrictive pericarditis. Which assessment finding reflects a more serious complication of this condition? a. fatigue b. peripheral edema c. jugular venous distention d. thickened pericardium on echocardiography - correct answer c. jugular venous distention Rationale: Cardiac tamponade is a serious complication of pericarditis. As the compression of the heart increases, decreased left atrial filling decreases cardiac output. Neck veins usually are markedly distended because of jugular venous pressure elevation. A patient is admitted with myocarditis. While performing the initial assessment, which clinical signs and symptoms might the nurse find (select all that apply)?